Biochemistry & Nutrition

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Browsing Biochemistry & Nutrition by Author "Anandan, Rangasamy"

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    Antioxidant and hepatoprotective property of squalene for counteracting the oxidative damage induced by methotrexate in experimental rats
    (Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 2020) Sumi, Edakkukaran Sudhakaran; Dara, Pavan Kumar; Mannuthy, Rosemol Jacob; Ganesan, Balaraman; Anandan, Rangasamy; Mathew, Suseela
    Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate drug, is extensively prescribed for patients suff ering from diseases like cancer, psoriasis, neoplasms, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite its eff ectiveness, MTX sometimes fi nds limited application because its undesirable side eff ects, including hepatic or renal impairment, bone marrow toxicity and gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Squalene, a highly unsaturated isoprenoid compound, isolated from shark liver oil has great potential in neutralizing the damaging eff ects triggered by free radicals. Therefore, in this study, the protective role of dietary squalene supplementation on oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in experimental rats was evaluated. A signifi cant reduction was displayed in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Similarly, the activities of glutathione dependant enzymes (GPx and GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in MTX-induced groups were shown to be lower compared to the untreated control. Increased LPO (lipid peroxide) level was found in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. In addition, alterations in the levels of liver marker enzymes like AST, ALP, ALT, and LDH were noticed in MTX intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Biochemical results were confi rmed by the histopathological examination of liver sections. In conclusion, the result obtained in the present study proposes that squalene exerts antioxidant activity and is capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and liver injury induced by MTX.
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    Antioxidant defense of fish collagen peptides attenuates oxidative stress in gastric mucosa of experimentally ulcer-induced rats
    (Springer, 2021) K Vijayan, Divya; Sreerekha, P R; Kumar Dara, Pavan; Ganesan, B; Mathew, Suseela; Anandan, Rangasamy; Ravisankar, C N
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of fish collagen peptides (FCP) from the skin of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) to avert the occurrence of gastric ulcer in experimental rats. FCP treatment prevented the formation of ulcerative lesions on gastric tissues with 86% of inhibition. The histopathology analysis of gastric tissue revealed that the FCP intake prevented the occurrence of hemorrhage and erosion in gastric tissue with formation of mild edema and necrosis, as well as normalized the pH and volume of gastric juice. It also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory marker interferon-ɤ (IFN-ɤ) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4 (IL-4) in gastric tissue. FCP is capable to modulate the oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and by lowering the levels of membrane lipid peroxidation.
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    Dietary supplementation of encapsulated anthocyanin loaded-chitosan nanoparticles attenuates hyperlipidemic aberrations in male Wistar rats
    (Elsevier, 2021) Sreerekha, P.R.; Dara, Pavan Kumar; Vijayan, Divya K; Chatterjee, Niladri Sekhar; Raghavankutty, Mahadevan; Mathew, Suseela; Ravishankar, Chandragiri Nagarajarao; Anandan, Rangasamy
    Our previous studies have demonstrated that the physico-chemical and structural properties of encapsulated anthocyanin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) have potential in vitro antioxidant properties. The study explores the hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of dietary supplementation of ACNPs in male Wistar rats, fed on experimental high fat-alcohol diets. The ACNPs treated group has significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity levels ( p > 0.05). The supplementation with ACNPs significantly reduced the serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. The lipid-mediated oxidative stress and lipid levels in serum and liver were reduced too. The western blotting experiments revealed normalization of the fatty acid synthase (FAS), and HMGCR (Hydroxymethylglutaryl Co-A reductase) activities after supplementation with ACNPs. The study concludes that the ACNPs are promising functional dietary supplement with definite hypolipidemic activity.
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    Nanoencapsulation in low-molecular-weight chitosan improves in vivo antioxidant potential of black carrot anthocyanin
    (Society of Chemical Industry (SCI), 2021) Sekhar Chatterjee, Niladri; Kumar Dara, Pavan; Perumcherry Raman, Sreerekha; K Vijayan, Divya; Sadasivam, Jayashree; Mathew, Suseela; Nagarajarao Ravishankar, Chandragiri; Anandan, Rangasamy
    BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are flavonoids that are potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anticarcinogenic nutraceutical ingredients. However, low chemical stability and low bioavailability limit the use of anthocyanins in food. Nanoencapsulation using biopolymers is a recent successful strategy for stabilization of anthocyanins. This study reports the development, characterization, and antioxidant activity of black carrot anthocyanin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs). RESULTS: The ionic gelation technique yielded the ACNPs. The mean hydrodynamic diameter d and polydispersity index PDI of chitosan nanoparticles and ACNPs were found to be d = 455 nm and PDI = 0.542 respectively for chitosan nanoparticles and d = 274 nm and PDI = 0.376 respectively for ACNPs. The size distribution was bimodal. The surface topography revealed that the ACNPs are spherical and display a coacervate structure. Fourier transforminfrared analysis revealed physicochemical interactions of anthocyanins with chitosan. The loading process could achieve an encapsulation efficiency of 70%. The flow behavior index η of encapsulated ACNPs samples revealed Newtonian and shear thickening characteristics. There was a marginal reduction in the in vitro antioxidant potential of anthocyanins after nanoencapsulation, as evidenced from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Interestingly, the in vivo antioxidant potential of anthocyanins improved following nanoencapsulation, as observed in the serum antioxidant assays. CONCLUSION: The optimized nanoencapsulation process resulted in spherical nanoparticles with appreciable encapsulation efficiency. The nanoencapsulation process improved the in vivo antioxidant activity of anthocyanins, indicating enhanced stability and bioavailability. The promising antioxidant activity of the ACNPs suggests a potential for utilization as a nutraceutical supplement.
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    Rheological, Physico-chemical, and Surface-Active Properties of Gelatin Extracted from Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) Skin Waste
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020) Dara, Pavan Kumar; Raghavankutty, Mahadevan; Sebastian, Nomy; Chatterjee, Niladri Sekhar; Mathew, Suseela; Ravishankar, Chandragiri Nagarajarao; Anandan, Rangasamy
    In the present investigation, bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) skin waste was utilized for the extraction of gelatin. Physico-chemical, rheological, and surface-active properties of the obtained gelatin were assessed. Proximate compositional analysis of tuna skin gelatin recorded high protein content of 88.6% and low levels of fat and ash contents. The isoelectric point (IEP) of tuna skin gelatin was around 6.24. Amino acid profiling recorded a glycine [31.7%] higher proportion, followed by imino acids (hydroxyproline + proline) [18.4%], and alanine [12.2%]. The electrophoretic pattern of purified gelatin exhibited three major bands (β, α1, and α2) with wider molecular weight distribution in the range of 200–120 kDa. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra of gelatin also confirmed the bands corresponding to α helix, β sheet, and random coil structures. The rheological studies of tuna skin gelatin revealed Newtonian and shear thickening properties. The method of extraction and assessment of its characteristic properties could be useful in the field of formulation of functional foods, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications.
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    Screening Natural Content of Water-Soluble B Vitamins in Fish: Enzymatic Extraction, HILIC Separation, and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination
    (Journal of AOAC International, 2017) Sekhar Chatterjee, Niladri; Ashok Kumar, K.; Ajeeshkumar, K.K.; Remya Kumari, K.R.; Vishnu, K.V.; Anandan, Rangasamy; Mathew, Suseela; Ravishankar, C.N.
    Despite the potential of LC with tandem MS (MS/MS) in improving sensitivity and selectivity, analytical methods are scarce for the determination of protein-bound and phosphorylated forms of B vitamins in food. This prompted us to develop a method for LC-MS/MS determination of naturally occurring nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin in fish. Baseline separation of the vitamins was achieved in a hydrophilic interaction LC condition. An ultrasonication-assisted enzymatic extraction protocol for sample preparation was optimized and validated. The time required for extraction was significantly reduced (to 4 h), while maintaining good extraction efficiency. Acetonitrile content (80%, v/v) in the prepared sample was found to be optimum for excellent peak shape and sensitivity. The dynamic linear range of the vitamins ranged from 2.5 to 500 ng/g, and the regression coefficient values were greater than 0.99. LOQ values ranged from 0.4 to 50 ng/g for the different vitamins. The spike recovery values at 50 and 100 ng/g ranged from 87.5 to 97.5%. The intra- and interday precision values were satisfactory. Accuracy of the developed method was determined by analysis of a Certified Reference Material. The method could also be used for unambiguous determination of the natural content of the target vitamins in fish.