Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (M,F&B)

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Browsing Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (M,F&B) by Author "Bibek Shome"

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    Fish-borne methicillin resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus carrying atypical staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements
    (Elsevier, 2021-03) G.K. Sivaraman; K.H. Muneeb; S. Sudha; Bibek Shome; Mark Holmes; Jennifer Cole
    Prevalence of staphylococci in fish and fish products pose high risk of foodborne diseases. As far as Staphylococcus haemolyticus as a reservoir of methicillin resistance is considered, main objective of the present study was to surveil the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH) in fishes and its genotypic characterization. 79 fish samples were collected from retail markets in three pre-decided sites in Assam. The collected fish samples were subjected to microbial analysis and as result 13 MRSH could be isolated. Susceptibility of the isolates towards various classes of antibiotics was assessed by employing BD Phoenix M50 system. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the molecular detection of methicillin-resistance determinant. Molecular typing of the isolates was attempted by recruiting staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of 79 fish samples collected from retail markets in Assam, 13 tested positive for MRSH. These isolates showed varying levels of resistance to different classes of antibiotics such as cephalosporin (100%), lincosamide (30.76%), macrolides (30.76%), aminoglycoside (53.85%), quinolones (38.46%) and sulfonamides (61.54%). BD Phoenix M50 instrument recognized a few isolates as inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSb) phenotype (30.76%). Remarkably, all the isolates were reported as multi-drug resistant (MDR) as they showed resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics. All the studied isolates were positive for mecA gene and carrying multiple SCCmec elements. PFGE cluster analysis grouped the isolates into two major clusters and seven individual lineages. In short, the current study documented the incidence of multi-drug resistant, multiple SCCmec elements carrying S. haemolyticus in fishes. Considering the fact that S. haemolyticus contributes greatly in the dissemination of methicillin resistance owing to their extreme genome plasticity, the present study admonition the necessity of continuous monitoring the S. haemolyticus contamination in food. The study also discussed role of prudent hygienic practices in flattening the AMR curves.
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    Prevalence of virulent and biofilm forming ST88-IV-t2526 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones circulating in local retail fish markets in Assam, India
    (Elsevier, 2021-09) G.K. Sivaraman; K.H. Muneeb; S. Sudha; Bibek Shome; Jennifer Cole; Mark Holmes
    The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in India has been increased alarmingly. Methicillinresistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as serious threat to the human especially if they are biofilm forming and equipped with virulence factors. In the present study monitoring of antibiotic resistant S. aureus was performed at three selected sites in Assam, India in August 2019 and February 2020. Ethnographic information was collected from the fish vendors in order to track and address potential sources of contamination. Twenty three potential methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified from the fish sold by the vendors and subjected to molecular characterization. The antimicrobial resistance profile of these MRSA isolates were regarded as multidrug-resistant (MDR) as they were resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent resistance profile was; ampicillin-cefazolin-cefoxitin-gentamicin-norfloxacin-oxacillin-penicillin. Accessory gene regulators III (agr III) type MRSA (18/23, 78.26%) were found to be predominant compared to agr I type (5/ 23, 21.74%). Four isolates (17.39%) were observed to carry SCCmec-IV elements, which is a typical feature of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Two SCCmec-IV MRSA isolates were found to harbour pantonvalentine- leucocidin (PVL) toxin genes and were resistant to macrolide in addition to beta-lactams. MLST and spa typing identified all MRSA as ST88 with spa type t2526. This is the first report from India on the incidence of ST88-SCCmec-IV (ST88-IV) MRSA in a fish market and its aquatic environs. The high prevalence of a single MLST clone, ST88, suggests that this lineage has a unique survival advantage in this environment. The study discusses the contribution of hospital wastewater in the dissemination of pathogenic MRSA clones to aquatic resources and then to humans through the food chain.