2022

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Browsing 2022 by Author "A. K. Upadhya"

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    Assessing the Safety of Fish Retail Shops and Associated Environment for Antimicrobial Resistant Non–Typhoidal Salmonella
    (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2022-08-02) S. Parveen; Maansi; A. K. Upadhya; R. Huozha
    Non-typhoidal salmonellosis stands among the major foodborne illnesses. Outbreaks from contaminated fishes have been witnessed worldwide. A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 368 samples (fish and associated environmental samples) were collected to assess the presence of non– typhoidal Salmonella in fishes and associated environment of 22 retail fish meat shops. The overall occurrence of the organisms was found to be 4.35% (16/368) with highest in fish rinsing water (18.18%, 4/22) followed by knife swabs (11.11%, 3/27), chopping board swabs (8.33%, 2/24), meat swabs (6.52%, 3/46), floor swabs (4.54%, 1/22), gill and intestine swabs (4.34%, 1/23), fish holding water (2.43%, 1/41). S.Typhimurium (87.5%, 14/16) was found as the prevalent serovar. Major virulence genes harboured were sipA gene (87.5%) followed by stn (75%), sopB (68.75%), sopE1 (56.25%) mgtC (43.75%) and spvC and gipA (12.5%) genes each. The isolates were highly resistant against Tetracycline and Ampicillin (93.75%, 15/16) followed by Nalidixic acid (50%), Ciprofloxacin (37.5%) Ofloxacin, Cefotaxime and Sulfisoxazole (25%) each, Chloramphenicol (12.5%) and Streptomycin (6.25%). Ten Salmonella (62.5%) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). The most commonly occurring resistance genes were gyrA (92.30%, 12/13), blaTEM (53.33%, 8/ 15), aadA1 and strA (50%, 2/4), sul1 (30.76%, 4/13) while tetA was not found in any of the isolates. Resistance to critically important fluoroquinolones and highly important Cephalosporin and Tetracy-cline antibiotics detected in Salmonella isolates is a serious threat to public health.