FT Vol.45(1)

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Effect of rotation on the heat transfer characteristics and texture of canned skipjack tuna in tin-free steel cans
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Xavier, K.A.M.; Sreenath, P.G.; Sil, S.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Bindu, J.; Gopal, T.K.S.
Heat transfer characteristics of Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in indigenous polyester coated easy open-end tin free steel cans processed in rotary retort were studied at different rotational speeds. Precooked tuna meat was processed in groundnut oil medium to an F sub(o) value of 10 minutes and the effects of rotation were compared with a Stationary retort. Heat penetration data were recorded using Ellab TM 9608 Temperature recorder cum process value integrator. The study reveals that rotation decreases the heating rate index to 25%. Cook value reduced to 11.51-17.46% during rotation. Total process time also reduced when subjected to rotation, but the magnitude of reduction in processing time decreased with increase in speed of rotation. Textural parameters like hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness are also increased during rotation due to less process time and faster heat penetration.
Mechanized crafts of north andhra coast - a study on status, operation and economic evaluation
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Jeeva, J.C.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.; Prakash, R.R.
Results of studies conducted on two categories of mechanized vessels viz., mini-trawlers and sona boats operated at Visakhapatnam base, Andhra Pradesh, India are presented. A general description of the technical parameters and an economic analysis including revenue, investments, operational expenditure, operational profits or loss etc. are described. The expenditure on fuel has been observed to be the largest component of the total operational expenditure to the tune of 66% in mini-trawlers and 62% in sona boats. To harvest one kg of shrimp, mini-trawlers consumed 7.89 litres of fuel and incurred an operational expenditure (including fuel) of Rs.213.61, and sona boats consumed 8.97 litres of fuel with an operational expenditure of Rs.260.35. Both the types of crafts are observed to be economically viable with profit percentages of 24.5% and 17.2% respectively during the period under report.
Frozen storage studies of mince based products developed from tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus, peters 1852)
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Ninan, G.; Bindu, J.; Joseph, J.
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a relatively abundant, low value fish that has wide distribution in India due to its adaptability to different environments. In India, the fish has limited scope for consumption in the fresh form. This study is an attempt to explore the possibilities of better utilization of this species by development of mince-based value added products and the evaluation of shelf life during frozen storage. Mince from Tilapia was used for the preparation of value added products viz., chilly fish, fish cutlet and fish balls. The biochemical and sensory parameters were analysed to study the quality changes and shelf life of these products in frozen storage at - 20 C. The products had a good shelf life of 18 to 21 weeks in frozen storage.
Post harvest losses in marine fisheries
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Srinath, K.; Nair, V.R.; Unnithan, G.R.; Gopal, N.; Bathla, H.V.L.; Tauqueer, A.
In India, fish is the major source of protein for over one-third of the population especially for the rural poor in coastal areas. The per capita consumption of fish in India is 9.8 kg. against the recommended intake of 13 kg. The marine fish production has also been stagnating over recent years (CMFRI, 2004). As per FAO, the post harvest loss in world fisheries is 10%. Considering the nutritional significance coupled with stagnating catches in India, it is imperative that losses at all levels should be reduced. A pilot study to assess harvest and post harvest losses in the marine sector was carried out by Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin in collaboration with Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi. This paper presents the results obtained vis-a-vis the post harvest sector in the study.
Fuel consumption pattern by the mechanized fishing sector in andhrapradesh
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Gopal, N.; Jeeva, J.C.; Unnithan, G.R.
The study aims at ascertaining the fuel utilization pattern by different classes of mechanized fishing vessels in Andhra Pradesh. The estimate gives the consumption pattern of 7941 kL of diesel for small mechanized, 3818 kL for sona, 3684 kL for mini trawlers and 11256 kL for trawlers with the pooled estimate for Visakhapatnam district as a whole being 26699 kL for the year 2004. The consumption in Andhra Pradesh state was 19698 kL for small mechanized, 21744 kL for sona, 3684 kL for mini trawlers and 11256 kL for trawlers, the pooled estimate being 56382 kL. The average per day fuel utilization by different categories of crafts was 117.83 Its for small mechanized, 202.44 Its for sona, 502.54 Its for mini trawlers and 1173.26 Its for trawlers. Based on the ideal fishing trips that can be undertaken by different categories of crafts, it has been estimated that the mechanized sector as a whole has undertaken only 79.58% operation in Visakhapatnam and 79.7% in whole of Andhra Pradesh state during the year of study.
Size selectivity of 40 mm square Mesh codend with respect to yellowstriped goatfish, upeneus vittatus (forsskal, 1775) and orangefin ponyfish, leiognathus bindus (valenciennes, 1835)
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Prakash, R.R.; Rajeswari, G.; Sreedhar, U.
YeUowstriped goatfish, Upeneus vittatus {Forsskal, 1775) and Orangefin Ponyfish, Leiognathus hindus (Valenciennes, 1835) are widely exploited by the trawl fishery. Due to the use of codends with conventional small diamond mesh in the trawl nets, large quantities of juveniles of these species are landed along the east coast of India. The size selectivity of 40 mm square mesh c dend for Upeneus vittatus and Leiognathus bindus was studied with a 30 m demersal trawl, following covered codend method. The L25, L50 and L75 values for Upeunus vittatus were 10.0, 11.22 and' 12.4 em respectively. Selection factor, selection range and selection ratio for Upeneus' vittatus were 2.8 and 2.43 and 0.6 respectively. The L25, LSO ,L75 values for Leiognathus bindus were 5.52, 7.7 and 9.88 em respectively. Selection factor, selection range and selection ratio for Leiognathus hindus were 1.92, 4.36 and 1.09 respectively.
Identification of Polymorphic Allozyme Markers for Assessing Genetic Variability in Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Singh, Rajeev K; Mohindra, Vindhya; Punia, Ranjana Peyush; Gopalakrishnan, A.; Kapoor, D.; Shukla, R.N.; Lai, Kuldeep K.
Screening of thirty-two allozyme loci in Tor putitora yielded ten polymorphic loci, useful in determining genetic divergence in natural populations of the species. Samples from three different Indian rivers viz. the Satluj, Ganga and Garua were studied with the identified allozyme loci, to assess their suitability for genetic diversity analysis in T. putitora. The observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.0840 (Satluj) to 0.1245 (Ganga). The significant genotype heterogeneity was observed between the sample sets (P<0.05). The identified loci exhibited significant potential to determine population structure of T. putitora across its natural range of distribution.
Awareness and Utilization of Computers by Shrimp Farmers
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Mahalakshmi, P.; Shanthi, B.; Krishnan, M.; Vimala, D. Deboral; Sarada, C.
A study was conducted in Thiruvallur and Thoothukudi districts of Tamil Nadu to assess the shrimp farmers awareness and utilization of computers, and their constraints. The major sources of awareness utilized by the farmers are personal localite channels like fellow farmers and friends (42 percent) and mass media channels (34 percent) followed by, extension agency contact (18 percent), and internet (8 percent). Regression analyses on the awareness scores among the respondents revealed that the eight independent variables explained 71 percent of the variance in the farmers' awareness on use of computers. Further the results also revealed that four variables viz., age, farming experience, farm size, and mass media exposure would have to be strengthened to increase the awareness on the utility of computers in shrimp farms. 78 percent of the respondents used computers for non-aquacultural activities followed by 4 percent of them who had exposure to programming and database design, and 22 percent of the respondents had exposure to e-mail services. Lack of technical knowledge and technical support were the main constraints found in the awareness and utilization of computers by shrimp farmers.
Virulence Factors Associated with Staphylococcus Spp. Isolated from Fish and Fishery Products
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin ., 2008) Sindhu, O.K.; Surendran, P.K.
Forty-eight isolates of Staphylococcus obtained from fish and fishery products [Staphylococcus aureus (25), Staphylococcus hysicus subsp. chromogens (7), Staphylococcus simulans (7), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7) and Staphylococcus warneri (2)] were used to study the virulence factors associated with these organisms. The virulence factors studied were lipase, phospolipase, phosphatase, thermo nuclease, enterotoxins and haemolysins. Lipase, phospholipase, and urease were produced by all the strains, where as thermo nuclease was produced by S.aureus strains only. In the case of other factors like haemolysins, proteases, phosphatases and enterotoxins, considerable strain-to-strain variation was observed. Most of the isolates produced more than one virulent factor. Enterotoxins were produced by 76% of S.aureus isolates. None of the coagulase negative staphylococci could produce enterotoxins. The study also shows that most of the isolates are capable of producing potential virulent enzymes and enterotoxins, which can cause infection and intoxication
Comparative studies on quality changes of air blast and plate frozen mackerel (rastrelliger kanagurta) during frozen storage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Lakshmisha, I.P.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Gopal, T.K.S.; Ninan, G.
Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier ) frozen in commercial plate and air blast freezers were studied to compare the quality changes during frozen storage (-l8°C), The frozen fish were sealed in polythene bags of food grade Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), 120 gauge thick ccnfornling,tc IS: 9845 = 1981) then packed in S ply corrugated fiberboard carton and were analyzed for changes in quality during storage at -l8°C. The moisture and protein content in air blast frozen samples ere decreased (pO.OS} in PV of both the samples. TBA of air blast frozen samples showed an increasing trend (pO.OS). The TMA-N and TVB-N of both the samples showed an increasing trend but air blast frozen samples showed little higher values (p
Comparative Efficacy of Cypermethrin - Creosote and CCA - Creosote Treatments against Biodeterioration of Rubber Wood under Field Conditions
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Edwin, L.
Synthetic pyrethroids are increasingly being used as wood preservatives because of their high degree of contact toxicity, low solubility and low mammalian toxicity. A mixture of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, with creosote is tried for its efficacy against biodeterioration of rubber wood under marine, atmospheric and soil conditions. This has been compared with the performance of CCA-creosote treatment, which has been effectively used for increasing the durability of many non-durable timbers. The compressive stress parallel to grain of the untreated,. treated and exposed panels is assessed. The creosote component imparts higher strength to the treated wood in both types of treatments. It is seen that the cypermethrin- creosote mixture imparts resistance to biodeterioration under atmospheric and soil conditions while dual treatment with Copper-Chrome -Arsenic (CCA) and creosote is more effective under marine conditions.
Effect of different levels of fermentable carbohydrate on the degree of hydrolysis of fish silage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Zynudheen, A.A.; Thampuran, N.; Joseph, J.; Nair, K.G.R.
Fermented silage production by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) represents a low cost method for the preparation of food and feed products characterized by hygienic quality and improved shelf life. The present study aimed to compare the effect of different levels of fermentable carbohydrate on the microbial level and the degree of hydrolysis in fermented fish silage from whole fish and dressed fish. Fermented fish silage was prepared with different levels of jaggery (w/w) i.e., 5%, 10% and 15% viz., type I type II and type III respectively. The study indicated that pH values decreased in all the samples during the period of ensilation except in type I sample which showed a higher pH after four days. Since the type I silage was spoiled at an early stage it. is. evident that 5% jaggery is not sufficient for proper preservation through fermentation. But in type II and type III, the changes in pH and degree of hydrolysis do not show significant difference during ensilation. The bacteriological results also indicate that the fermentation patterns of both type II and type III are almost same. Hence it is evident that for successful Lactobacillus fermentation of tilapia 10%, jaggery is sufficient either in whole condition or in dressed condition.
Effect of fish protein on isoprenaline - induced alterations in lipid and antioxidant status in adipose tissue of rats
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Nair, P.G.V.
The present study was designed to examine the protective effect of 20% fish protein in adipose tissue of isoprenaline-treated male albino rats. The protective effect was determined based on the following criteria: total body and adipose tissue weight, protein concentration in adipose tissue, total lipid in adipose tissue, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids of serum and adipose tissue and anti-peroxidative enzymes in adipose tissue. Fish protein feeding brought about a significant decrease in the total body weight and adipose tissue weight and in levels of adipose tissue total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids. Fish protein fed rats showed significant rise in adipose tissue protein content. It also prevented a rise in antiperoxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase and elevated the levels of reduced glutathione which indicates that fish protein protects against lipid peroxidation. Fish protein feeding has also led to lowering of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids and increased the proportion of HDL cholesterol. The protective effect of fish protein is believed to be due to its unique amino acids content namely, the reduced methionine: glycine and lysine: arginine ratios and increased sulphur containing amino acids.
Impact of bottom trawling on benthic commnities: a review
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Meenakumari, B.; Bhagirathan, U.; Pravin, P.
The detrimental consequences of trawling on the marine environment have always been a matter of great concern. Bottom trawling causes physical and biological damages that are irreversible, extensive and abiding. The present communication intends to focus the impact on benthic communities caused by bottom trawling. The different methodologies used world wide to study the impact of trawling is depicted here. The quantification and characterization of bycatch will give an ample evidence of impact of bottom trawling. The interpretation of the available historical data of the trawling grounds is also in practice. The experimental trawling brings to light the physio-chemical and biological impacts. The dietary shifts in benthos are an indirect effect of trawling. Bottom trawling imparts both short term and long-term imparts. The long term effects have not been adequately studied as the impacts are ambiguous and are difficult to interpret. In India, studies on impact of bottom trawling has gained momentum by the establishment of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences and Technology Cell (OASTC) supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences. These studies have brought to light the impact of trawling on hydrographical parameters and benthic fauna.

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