FT Vol.43(1)

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    Design and general characteristics of marine gill nets of Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2006) Thomas, S.N.; Hridayanathan, C.
    Gill nets are the most commonly used gear depended upon by the maximum fishermen in all the districts of Kerala. Results of a study on the marine gill nets of Kerala undertaken during May 1999 to June 2000 are reported in this communication. Nets of different mesh sizes ranging from 14 to 250 mm targeted at different groups of fishes are prevalent along the coast. The nets are classified into different groups and the technical specifications of each type are detailed. Polyamide (PA) monofilament has almost completely replaced PA multifilament in all the nets except those targeted for anchovy white sardine and seer. Fishermen often use nets of different mesh sizes, connected end to end, in a fleet of net landing all size groups of fishes.
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    Length-Weight Relationship of Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskal) Inhabiting the Continental Slopes Beyond 300m Depth Along the West Coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2006) Kurup, B. Madhusoodana; Venu, S
    The length-weight relationship of Priacanthus hamrur inhabiting the continental slopes beyond 300m along the west coast of India was estimated. The length-weight relationship was analyzed using the formulae W= a Lb which was further logarithmically transformed into Ln W=Ln a+b Log L. A total of 295 fishes comprising of 105 females and 190 males with size groups ranging from 196 to 297mm(TL) were used. The length-weight relationship of P. hamrur can be represented by the equations. Females W=0.0097 L305 and Males W=0.025 L2 73. While comparing the 'b' values of male, female and combined P.hamrur, it was understood that there was no significant difference among them. The value of the exponent 'b' computed in the parabolic equation for females did not show much variation for the isometric value of 3 whereas the value of b in males was found to be less indicating a very slight negative allometric growth. This was also reflected on the length-weight relationship of the combined population of P. hamrur.
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    Antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from seafoods
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), Cochin, 2006) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thankappan, T.K.
    Antibacterial activity of shrimp shell based chitosan was determined against three food borne pathogens viz., Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from seafoods. Tests were carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.0. Four different concentrations, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v) of chitosan were used against E.coli and Salmonella, and 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.5% and 1% were against P.aeruginosa. Chitosan showed stronger bactericidal activity against Salmonella compared to E.coli and P.aeruginosa as evidenced by 3 log cfu.ml super(-1) reduction in Salmonella count with 0.01% chitosan concentration. There was complete elimination of 5 log cfu.ml super(-1) cell count of Salmonella within 24 h at 0.1% chitosan level. There was 3 log reduction in E.coli count at 0.01% chitosan, but not completely inhibited even at the maximum used concentration (0.1%). The inhibition concentration against P.aeruginosa was higher level compared to Enterobacteriaceae and it was found that reduction in 5 log cfu.ml super(-1) was achieved only at 72 h of chitosan exposure. Different chitosan concentrations 0.05%, 0.1% and 1% had almost same inhibition pattern for P.aeruginosa at 6h. 18h 36h and 72h of exposure. The effectiveness of chitosan against tested pathogens showed Salmonella was most susceptible towards chitosan followed by E.coli and P.aeruginosa.
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    Isolation and Characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens from farm reared freshwater prawn and farm environment
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, India, 2006) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    Farmed Macrobrachium wscnbergii, farm water and mud were analysed for hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria including Sliauanella putrefaciens. The biochemical characteristics and spoilage potential of S. putrefaciens strains isolated from M. rosenbergii were investigated and compared to marine and brackishwater strains isolated from fish (Rastrclligcr kaiia$urta) and black clam( Villorita cyprinoides) respectively. The H2S producing bacteria including S. putrefaciens constituted a low proportion (<2% ) of the total aerobic flora of pond water and mud and 12% of the total aerobic population on fresh prawn. On icing, there was a lag or slight decrease in the counts of H2S producing bacteria including S. putrefaciens in the muscle of M. rosenbergii. The proliferation started on 16th day of iced storage and the count of sulphide producers reached ca. 6.25 log 1() cfu g "1 in prawn muscle at the time of rejection after 3 weeks. Gram-negative, non-fermentative, motile rods constituted 16-25% of the hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria on prawn muscle and intestine and they were identified as Shezuanella putrefaciens. The results indicate that S. putrefaciens is an important spoiler of freshwater prawn. All the S. putrefaciens isolates from M rosenbergii were able to produce. H2S and reduce TMAO and exhibited high spoilage potential. The present study suggests that counts of H2S producing bacteria can be a useful indicator of quality deterioration of farm reared M. rosenbergii.
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    Polymer coated tin free steel cans for thermal processing of fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2006) Mallick, A.K.; Srinivasa Gopal, T.K.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Vijayan, P.K.
    Polymer coated Tin-free Steel (TFS) cans suitable for thermal processing of fish are now available in India. However, for successful use in thermal processing, the cans need to meet various performance criteria with respect to physicochemical properties. These cans were extensively tested for its suitability for processing different fish products. In this study, the physico-chemical properties such as sulphur staining test, delamination test, global migration test, air pressure test etc. were studied and the results compared with standards. Different fish products were processed at different Fo values and shelf life was determined by organoleptic test. The result indicates that the TFS cans locally available are suitable for thermal processing of fish and fishery products.
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    Net drag estimate of 18.0 m pelagic trawl calculated twine area in comparison to projected monotype values by model studies
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2006) Vijayan, V.; Baiju, M.V.
    Designing a trawl gear can effectively be accomplished by matching its size to the available horsepower. A simple method of trawl gear estimation at the design stage, utilizing the information available from a net drawing, will immensely ease the designing process without having to wait for the experimental values of net drag. Drag estimation through calculated twine area is attempted with 18.0m semi pelagic trawl and is compared with the total drag of the projected prototype values by I/IS"1 model studies conducted at the ship model testing tank at IIT, Chennai. Method of calculation of twine area in m2 of the different webbings that go into the making of the gear is required to calculate the total twine resistance to enable to optimise the designed net and to optimally utilize the available horse power. Net drag estimation using calculated twine area and the total drag of the prototype arrived at by model studies are calculated and compared.
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    Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Environmental Samples of Thoothukudi Coast
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2006) Chrisolite, B; Sugumar, G
    The incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli and Salmonella from water, beach sand and fish collected from four fish landing centres of Thoothukudi were studied. Presence of £. coli was confirmed in 90%, 92% and 79% of water, beach sand and fish samples respectively, while Salmonella was detected in 25% of water and sand samples and 17% of fish samples. The isolates were tested against fifteen antibiotics by disc diffusion method. While all the E. coh' isolates were resistant to bacitracin, erythromycin and rifampicin, none of the isolates was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and sulphafurazole. Among Salmonella isolates, all were resistant to bacitracin and most were resistant to ampicillin, colistin, erythromycin and rifampicin. None of the Salmonella isolates was resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was higher than 0.2 in all strains of E. coli and Salmonella revealing that they might have originated from high-risk sources of contamination such as humans.
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    Ensilation of Shrimp Waste by Lactobacillus fermentum
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2006) Mathew, Philip; Nair, K.G. Ramachandran
    Ensilation of shrimp .waste was carried out with of Lactobacillus fermentum at room temperature (30+loC). Formic acid (0.4%) was used to adjust the pH to 5.8 at the start of the experiment. The pH of the medium fell sharply from 5.8 at the beginning to around 4.5 by 2'ld day and was more or less stable during the remaining part of ensilation. The protein content of the residue showed a decrease with a proportional increase in chitin content. The ash and crude fat content registered a decrease. The data on biochemical composition of the slurry revealed that the protein content, a amino nitrogen and NPN increased substantially during fermentation. The TVBN value remained constant at about 0.07% on dry weight basis during the period of observation. Protein solubilization of the order of 60% obtained during the present study was independent of initial bacterial density and is within the range of acceptability indicating that L. fermentum is an ideal candidate for use in biofermentation of shrimp waste
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    Growth Pattern and Competitiveness of Indian Shrimp Export Trade
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2006) Fathima, K.B; Biradar, R.S; Salim, S.S
    Shrimp is the world's most important commodity accounting for about 19 percent of international seafood trade in value terms. In India's export trade shrimp contributed about 29 percent in quantity and 67 percent in value in the year 2002-2003. The present study was an attempt to critically examine compound growth rate and competitiveness of Indian shrimp in international seafood market based on the data collected from FAO fisheries statistics database, MPEDA statistics and Globe fish commodity update. The results indicated that India has been quite competitive in the shrimp trade, although there is a decline in the competitiveness of Indian shrimp in recent years. On the other hand, Thailand has emerged as a strong contender recording an increased competitiveness over the years. Certain policy measures are suggested to sustain the competitiveness of Indian shrimp exports in international market
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    Effect of Endosulfan and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid on the Growth and Gonadal Development of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2006) Singh, Shalini; Ghandrasekaran, V.S.; Singh, U.P.
    The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamarni was subjected to acute (96 hr) static bioassay toxicity test with the pesticide endosulfan and the herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and the LC g, values were 0.009 ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively. When prawns were exposed for 30 days, under static condition, to five sub-lethal concentrations, viz., 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005 and 0.004 ppm of endosulfan and 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 ppm of 2,4- diclorophenoxy acetic acid, the growth and the gonado-somatic index (GSI) were found to decrease in direct relation to increase in the concentration of the toxicants. However, there was an increase in growth at lower concentrations of endosulfan and acceleration in gonadal development at low concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid