2007

Permanent URI for this community

http://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/5216

Browse

Browsing 2007 by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 27
  • Item
    Fishing hooks: a review
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Thomas, S.N.; Edappazham, G.; Meenakumari, B.; Ashraf, P.M.
    Fishing hooks stand out among the simplest and the oldest of such devices. They are not well studied, and the available studies are out dated dur to emergence of new models materials and technologies. Methods of numbering of hooks are not standardized. This review dwells into their history and evolution, terminology, properties, classification, numbering, testing procedure and hooking efficiency. The study points to the need for a comparative study of hooks in terms of their relative properties and also as a conservation tool for sustainable development of recreational fishing.
  • Item
    Factors Responsible For Discriminating Between High and Low Adopter Categories of Shrimp Farmers
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) P.S, Swathi Lekshmi; N, Balasubramani; Vimala, Deboral; K, Chandrakandan
    Shrimp farming on a commercial scale has come to be the main stay, of the coastal economy of the country. Scientific Shrimp farming is characterised by the adoption of improved technologies for getting a better yield both in terms of quantity and quality. Adoption of improved technologies is dependent upon a host of factors such as the perceived attributes of the technology, the cost of the technologies and the policy environment in which the technologies are adopted. Among these factors, certain factors help to discriminate between high and low adoption categories. These are vital from the point of view of technology development and refinement. In this study 60 shrimp farmers of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for identifying the factors responsible for discriminating the high and low adoption categories of shrimp farmers. The findings revealed that, the variables such as attributes of shrimp culture technologies such as efficiency and feasibility of technologies had substantial importance in the classification of shrimp farmers into high adopter category and low adopter category. Further, it was observed that of the 60 shrimp farmers studied, 31 belonged to high adopter category and 29 belonged to the low adopter category.
  • Item
    Colour and textural parameters of threadfin bream surimi during frozen storage as affected by cryoprotectants and chitosan
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Rajalekshmi, M.; Mathew, P.T.
    Effect of chitosan on the colour and textural parameters of threadfin bream surimi during frozen storage were studied in comparison to commercial cryoprotectant blend and also the suitability of chitosan to replace polyphosphate in surimi during frozen storage was analysed. The treatment with cryoprotectants and /or chitosan did not have a significant influence on the moisture levels and pH during frozen storage. The addition of chitosan or cryoprotectants did not affect the colour of the samples. The textural parameters including gel strength showed higher values for the chitosan treated samples. The samples treated with sucrose, sorbitol and polyphosphate showed higher gel strength than the control upto about 4 months of frozen storage, but the textural quality was deteriorated towards the end of frozen storage where it was inferior even to the untreated samples. The sucrose-sorbitol-chitosan blend gave better textural properties to surimi than either chitosan alone or sucrose-sorbitol-polyphosphate bJend.
  • Item
    Status of Bottom Trawl Fishery In Kerala (South India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Kurup, B. Madhusoodana; Rajasree, Radhika
    The total number of bottom trawlers operated from 11 harbours in Kerala comprising 6 major and 5 minor harbours were enumerated during August 2000 to July 2001. A total of 4960 bottomtrawlers were found to operate during the study period. On an average, 1542 trawlers were landed per day in Aug-2000 while it was only 738 in Nov-00 being the lowest. 40-50'LOA size class vessels (38%) dominated among the trawlers operated in Kerala followed by 31-40' (30%). Total bottom trawl landings were quantified as 2,46,116 tonnes that accounts for 46% of the total marine fish landings and 87% under total mechanised sector during 2000-01. The annual average CPUE was estimated to be 891kg with a catch/hr of 53 kg. Highest share of the trawl landings was reckoned from 21-40 m depth contributing to 24.5% while highest CPUE from bottom trawl net was also recorded from the same depth
  • Item
    An analysis of the contribution of fisheries to the economic development of kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Nair, V.R.; Unnithan, G.R.
    Fisheries has been a traditional enterprise in Kerala with a contribution of 1.95% to the NSDP during 2003-04. The state has built an impressive infrastructure both in fish and fish processing sector The sector provides employment to more than one million people either directly or indirectly. This article outlines the impact of fisheries on the development of economy of the state and suggests measures to achieve the targets to ensure a viable fisheries sector.
  • Item
    Effect of Different Organic Acids in Silage Preparation fom Shrimp Shell Waste
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Santhosh, S.; Sini, T.K.; Mathew, P.T.
    The comparative effect of three commonly used organic acids in the production of silage from shrimp shell waste is hereby reported. Formic acid, lactic acid and citric acid were used at 5%, 6%, and 9% concentrations respectively. Samples were kept for 16 days and at an interval of three days, changes in pH, viscosity, protein content and mineral content were analyzed. Formic acid silage had the highest liquefaction and mineral content. Amino acid profile showed highest proportion of essential amino acids in formic acid silage. In silage prepared with lactic acid and citric acid, protein content and mineral content were very low. Chitin prepared from the shell residue of formic acid silage had good quality compared to others as supported by FTIR spectrum and mineral status.
  • Item
    Seasonal variation of metal concentration in barnacles (balanus spp.) of Cochin estuary, south west coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Ashraf, M.P.; Meenakumari, B.; Thomas, S.N.
    The study was conducted to evalua.te the accumulation of heavy mt!tals in barnacle shells and tissues in different seasons of the year. Heavy metal concentration was monitored in barnacle tissues and·shells on a long term and short term (monthly) basis by exposing giass panels in Cochin estuary. Short term panels gave a clear idea of the dynamics of heavy metal accumulation in barnacles. Accumulation of chromium and cadmium was maximum in the tiss.ues and shell during the monsoon season whereas lead and nickel was maximum in pre monsoon perlod. Selenium varied irregularly and arsenic was detected only in one sample. Higher levels of copper and manganese were observed in shells during both high and low salinity season (pre monsoon and monsoon). Manganese and iron uptake was significantly higher in the initial stages of growth and is mainly utilized for shell formation. Zinc was maximum during monsoon in short term panels whereas in soft tissues of long term panels it was detected during monsoon and pre monsoon seasons. Fouling settlement on exposed glass panels was highest during November, the transition period from monsoon to post monsoon season.
  • Item
    Influence of Extract Isolated from the Plant Sesuvium portulacastrum on Growth and Metabolism in Freshwater Teleost, Labeo rohita (Rohu)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Johnson, Cyril; Banerji, A
    Fishmeal, containing high protein content is becoming very expensive and the search for locally available growth enhancing plant extracts has gained wide acceptance in the present aquaculture scenario. Crude aqueous extract of a plant Sesuvium portulacastrum (Linn) at 10% concentration was evaluated for its effect on growth of Labeo rohita by incorporation in diet. The growth performance was evaluated for a period of 90 days in three phases of 30 days duration. Parameters like length, weight, food conversion efficiency (FCE), food assimilation efficiency (FAE), specific growth rate (SGR), protein and nucleic acid contents were studied. The results indicated significant enhancement of growth in L. rohita fed with diet containing S. portulacastrum extract
  • Item
    Efficacy of heat treatment of salt contaminated with salinicoccus roseus on the shelf life of cured ribbonfish (trichiurus upturns) linnaeus 1758
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Prasad, M.M.; Thampuran, N.; Seenayya, G.
    In the present study, the quality and shelf life of salt cured ribbonfish (Trichiurus lepturus) using heat-treated salt artificially contaminated with known density of Salinicoccus roseus was carried out. To determine whether crystal size of the salt had any effect on the quality of cured fish, semi-ground salt was used along with crystalline (natural) salt. Salinicoccus roseus, a dominant halophilic bacteria among red halophiles isolated from the commercial salt-cured fish showing red discoloration, was used to contaminate the sterile crystalline and semi-ground salts. The salts were further heat treated to test the efficacy of heat treatment of the salt on the bacteria. Shelf life studies were carried till signs of spoilage were evident. During the storage period, total bacterial count, moisture, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were monitored at three months intervals for one year. During three months of storage, TVN in ribbon fish cured with crystalline salt (control) reached 416.7 mg N% from an initial value of 25.33 mg N%. On the contrary, ribbon fish cured with heat treated crystalline salt (CS) and semi-ground (SS) salt had TVN 204.82 and 168.48 mg N% after 6 and 12 months storage periods respectively. The treatment effect in terms of TVN was 0.62 and 0.65 for CS and SS cured ribbon fish. The peroxide values (PV) increased in crystalline salt cured (control) samples from an initial value of 31.46 to 235 milliequivalents of O sub(2) per Kg of fat at the end of three month storage period. However, these values were 288.46 and 127 milliequivalents of O sub(2) per Kg of fat for heat treated CS and SS cured ribbon fish after 6 and 12 months storage period, respectively. The treatment effect in relation to PV was 0.60 and 0.90 for CS and SS cured ribbon fish. The present study revealed that heat treatment of solar salt used for curing of fish enhanced the shelf life of cured fish from 6 to 12 months when compared to the control. The use of semi-ground salt for curing of fish has the added advantage of superior quality, treatment effectiveness and longer shelf life than that of crystalline salt cured fishes.
  • Item
    Toxicity Evaluation of Treated Refinery Effluent using brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Egg and Larval Bioassay
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Krishnakumar, P.K.; Dineshbabu, A.P; Sasikumar, Geetha; Bhat, G.S.
    A bioassay test using Artemia Salina egg and larvae is conducted to evaluate the aquatic toxicity treated refinery effluents. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) has gained popularity as test organism for short-term toxicity testing because of its ease of culture, short generation time, cosmopolitan distribution and its commercial availability as dormant eggs. One year study has been carried out to assess toxicity of effluent samples collected from an oil refinery at Mangalore, (India) on the egg hatching and larval survival rate of A. salina. The chemical quality of the refinery effluent collected during Oct 2002 - Sep 2003 was found to be within the prescribed permissible limits. The mean EC50 for egg hatching rate using the effluent collected during the dry and wet seasons was 40.6% and 73.4% effluent (% by volume) respectively. The mean LC50 value for larval mortality using the effluent samples collected during the dry and wet seasons was 37.2% and 48% effluent respectively. The mean No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for the effluent in the present study was 6.3%. The reported natural dilution available in the Arabian Sea near the marine outfall of the refinery is sufficient enough to dilute the effluent below the observed NOEC.
  • Item
    Traditional Riverine Fish Catching Devices of Assam
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Rahman, Seydur; Islam, Riyajul; Chetia, Pankaj; Barbhuiya, Masuk Ahmed; Arifuddin, Arifuddin; Barbhuiya, Anjam Hussain; Kar, Devashish
    Traditional riverine fish catching devices operated in the Barak, Dhaleswari, Jatinga, Brahmaputra, Dhansiri and Dorika rivers, in Assam have been studied with regard to their structure, operation and productivity. The study revealed the occurrence of 18 types of fish catching devices, which have been categorized into seven groups, viz., (i) hook and line gear (lar barshi and kupa barshi), (ii) traps (dori, polo, dhu, hogra and chairon jal), (iii) towed gear (km jal and pelain jal), (iv) dip nets (dheki jal and dorar jal), (v) entangling gillnets (patan jal ), (vi) seines (maha jal, pan jal and basta jal) and (vii) falling gears (jhaki jal, rekh jal and utar jal). The trap polo of river Dorika obtained the highest catch per man-hour (22.52 kg) followed by jhaki jal in river Brahmaputra (1.11 kg) and polo in river Barak (1.00 kg). Maha jal, though a massive gear, has given poor catch per man-hour (< 0.005 kg).
  • Item
    Post harvest losses at various marketing channels in inland fisheries sector
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Jeeva, J.C.; khasim, D.I.; Srinath, K.; Unnithan, G.R.; Murthy, K.L.N.; Rao, M.T.
    An attempt has been made in this study to assess the post harvest fish losses at various marketing channels in inland fisheries sector. The study was conducted in five field centres viz., Kakinada, Rajahmundry, Eluru, Akiveedu and Bhimavaram, in East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. The samples of respondents were selected using two-stage sampling, simple random sampling without replacement and stratified random sampling methods. Data from the selected respondents were collected at weekly intervals through interview method, using structured interview schedules. The percentage losses were found to be 0.29 at packaging centres, 0.19 to 1.57 at pre-processing units, 0.15 to 0.54 at processing units, 1.42 to 10.98 at wholesale markets, 2.96 at retail markets, 4.10 to 5.52 at the level of vendors and 2.22 at live fish transportation centres. The causes have also been discussed in the light of this study.
  • Item
    Shore seines of Visakhapatnam in the east coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Rajeswari, G.; Prakash, R.R.
    The Shore seines are traditional gears used to exploit the inshore fishery along East Coast of Andhra Pradesh. This gear varies in their construction and mode of operation from one region to another. Two types of seines are operated along the Visakhapatnam Coast. The seines operated without cod end are locally called as Alivi vala. The Seines operated with cod end are called Pedda vala. The paper gives technical details of the two types of shore seines, its design, materials used, method of fabrication and operation.
  • Item
    Bacteriological quality of fresh and ice-stored farmed macrobrachium rosenbergii from central kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    Farmed freshwater Scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) collected from four different farms in central Kerala, India were analysed for bacteriological quality immediately after harvest and after icing for two weeks. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TPC), faecal streptococci, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were enumerated. Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (TPC) on fresh prawn (whole) were of the order of 10 super(6)to 10 super(7) cfu g super(-1). The TPC of fresh and ice stored prawn (whole and headless) were within the acceptable limit. The levels of faecal streptococci and faecal coliforms in fresh M. rosenbergii were above the acceptable limits. However, faecal coliform and E. coli numbers were within the limit ( <100 cfu super(-1)) in deheaded prawn during iced storage. Presence of excessively high TPC and faecal streptococci numbers has been a major microbiological problem in freshwater prawn. This study revealed that A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria and Enterococci grew well at refrigerated temperatures. A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria, S. putrefaciens and Pseudomonas were identified as potent spoilers of farmed M. rosenbergii.
  • Item
    A Profile of Mechanised Fishing Activities based at Cochin fisheries Harbour, Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Boopendranath, M.R.; Hameed, M.H.
    Cochin Fisheries Harbour situated at Thoppumpady (Kerala, India}, was commissioned in September 1978 and function under the administrative control of Cochin Port Trust. A profile of mechanised fishing activities, based at Cochin Fisheries Harbour is presented in this paper, based on investigations conducted during 1997-98. During the period of investigations, 1543 mechanised fishing vessels were registered with the Port, of which 931 (60.3%) were in active operation. Three types• of vessels were operating from this harbour. These included 72.4% trawlers, 22.6% gillnetter-cum-liners and 5.0% purse seiners. Trawlers operating from the harbour ranged from 9.1 to 16.0 m LoA (89-122 hp), gillnetter-cum-liners and 5.0% purse seiners. Trawlersoperating from the harbour ranged from 9.1 to 16.0 m LoA (89-122 hp), gillnetter-cum-liners 7.1-14.0 m L0A {<60-99 hp) and purse sieners (12.1-19.0 m L0A (106-235 hp). Mean catch per year of the trawlers and gillnetter-cum-liners were 52.8 t and 32.83 t, respectively. Mean catch per year varied from 277.6 to 340.5 t, in the case purse seiners, depending on the type and installed engine horse power of the seiners. Salient features of the fishing craft, fishing gear, and fish production• of these three categories of fishing vessels are discussed.
  • Item
    An Exploratory Analysis of Patents in Fishing Technology
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Ninan, Sunitha; Sharma, Arpita; P.S., Ananthan
    With growing importance of patents, its relevance and scope in fisheries sector, though not prominently felt so far, is an issue which needs to be addressed with urgency. Accordingly, a study was designed to document patents in fishing technology. First, data was examined with respect to trends in growth of patenting activity in India. Since year wise number of patents during period from 1913-2000 was very small, they were classified under four periods i.e., patenting activities before and after independence (1913-1947,1947-1970), before and after Indian Patent Act 1970 (1971- 1995) and before and after WTO era (1996-2000) so as to facilitate comparison. Patents maintained by Indian patent office and indexed under section 82 XIV (4): Fish and Fishing as per Indian classification key were grouped under the discipline 'fishing technology'. Total of 15 patents were granted during 1947-1970, 10 patents during 1971-2000 and 1 in post TRIPS period (1996-2000) suggesting a decline. From 1995-2002, 13 patent applications exist. Patents were under category fishhooks, fishing rods, fishing reels, baits, power block, short gun, tapes etc. used for fishing gear. Foreign applicants account for 78.38% of patents while 21.62% of patents are by Indians. Among domestic applicants, individuals account for 13.51% patents. Majority of applicants are foreign individuals accounting for 54.05% of patents granted
  • Item
    Efficiency of Women and Men in Hand-picking of Shrimps in Traditional Farms in Vypeen Island
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Pravin, P.; Ravindran, K.
    Fishing without gear is an age old practice and is the simplest form of fishing since ancient times. Fishing, by hand-picking is being carried out both in the marine and inland sectors
  • Item
    Quality profile of the smoke cured freshwater prawns sold in interior markets of western Orissa
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Prasad, M.M.; Bandyopadhyay, J.K.; Thampuran, N.
    Smoke curing of fresh water prawn is an age-old practice prevalent in Orissa. In the present study different quality parameters of smoke cured freshwater prawns sold in interior retail markets of Orissa are reported. The bacteriological analyses of the smoked prawn samples revealed the occurrence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (3.9 to 6.0 log cfu/g), fecal coliforms (2.78 to 5.9 log cfu/g), fecal streptococci (4.64 to 5.98 log cfu/g), staphylococci (4.20 to 6.72 log cfu/g) and coagulase positive staphylococci (4.36 to 4.78 log cfu/g). The average occurrence of total staphylococci was found to be 6.27 log cfu/g which is far beyond the permitted levels. The moisture contents of the samples varied from 8.43 to 14.95% with an average of 9.59%, fat content from 3.88 to 7.96% with an average of 5.35%, total volatile nitrogen 28.66 to 47.35 mg% with an average of 36.03 mg% and alpha amino nitrogen from 233.24 to 493.14 mg% with an ('lverage of 394.57 mg%. Among the samples studied, 41.66% contained miscellaneous fish a..11d 50o/o had un\"Janted materials. One sample showed insect infestation also. Sensory evaluation studies on a 10-point hedonic scale revealed that the over all mean scores ranged from 5.38 to 7 07, with majority (75%) of the samples scoring 6 points. In view of occurrence of S. aureus in high numbers to an extent of becoming hazardous to human health, an overall quality upgradation of the smoked product is advocated.
  • Item
    Studies on Long- Term Storage of Sperm of a Marine Ornamental Fish, Istiblennius edentulus (Perciformes: Blennidae
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Sivaprasad, P. S; Paul, C.E; Natarajan, P; Jayaprakas, V
    Detailed study was conducted on the effect of cryopreservation on spermatozoa of a marine ornamental fish of the family Blennidae. The long-term preservation of spermatozoa of Istiblennius edentulus was conducted with 5 different extenders in combination with 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of DMSO, Methanol and Glycerol as cryoprotectants. The best post thaw motility was observed with Alsever's solution as extender and 5% Glycerol as cryoprotectant (88.12%motility and 89.19% viability).
  • Item
    Investigation on the Shelf Life and Changes of Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in Frozen Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Hedayatifard, M; Yousefian, M
    A study was carried out on the shelf life, fatty acid composition and changes in lipid profile of Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the Southern Caspian Sea for twelve months in frozen storage at -220C. Fresh fish tissue had 84.41% unsaturated fatty acids whereas in the case of twelve month frozen samples it was 77.45%. Significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was present in the samples. The amount of tissue lipid (9.71%) and co- 3 fatty acids (16.64%) has come down to 8.03 and 8.98%, respectively during frozen storage. The peroxide value increased to 20.11 meq/kg by twelve months in frozen storage from the initial level of 7.24 meq/kg. There were significant variations in the amount of some fatty acids like myristic, a - linolenic and arachidonic acids. Significant difference was also observed in co-3 and co-6 fatty acids series during frozen storage. The results of this study indicate that the maximum shelf life for Sturgeon is up to six-months in frozen storage.