1984

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    ACUTE TOXICITY OF CADMIUM TO SIX INTERTIDAL INVERTIBRATES
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) MOHAN, C. V; MENON, N. R; GUPTA, T.R.C
    Following a static bioassay techniques the acute toxicity of cadmium to six species of intertidal invertebrates was determined. The sensitivity of the animals to cadmium was of the following order. Emerita sp. (burrowing crustacean) Donax spiculum (burrowing bivalve) Perna viridis (sedentary bivalve) Sabellaria clandestinus(tube-dwelling polychaete) Modiolus carvalhoi and Modiolus sp. (sedentary bivalves). The above observation was based on the median lethal concentrations recorded for the different species, Emerita sp. 1.35 p.p.m., Donax spiculum 1.8 p.p.m., Perna viridis 2.5 p.p.m., Sabellaria clandestinus 2.8 p.p.m., Modiolus carvalhoi 5.6 p.p.m. and Modiolus. sp. 9.6 p.p.m. The findings throw insight into the toxicity of cadmium to the common intertidal animals which are either suspension or detritus feeders.
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    Photosynthetic Bacteria in the Marine Environment at Porto~Novo
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) DHEVENDARAN, K
    Sediment and water samples were coiiected from mangrove and estuarine biotopes at fortnightly intervals. The physico-chemical characters of the overlying water were studied. In the mangrove biotope maximum temperature (31.5°C) and in the estuarine biotope maximum salinity (35.6% 0 ) were recorded during the summer season, whereas in post-monsoon period the sulfate content was increased to 516 p.p.m. and the pH was reduced to 7.4. Invariably both in the enriched sediment and water samples four major peaks (at wavelengths 460, 705, 772 and 850 nm) and two minor peaks (at wavelengths 580 and 663 nm) of absorption spectra were noticed. A pure culture of Chromatium sp., isolated from mangroves sediment, showed three peaks of absorption spectra at wavelengths, 500, 580 and 850 nm. The effect of sodium chloride on the growth of Chromatium sp., was also studied and it was observed that maximum growth occurred in the range 1%-3% sodium chloride concentration. This isolate was also capable of utilizing various sulfur and carbon compounds. Glycerol and glucose did not show any specific effect whereas pyruvate, malate and acetate increased the growth.
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    A STUDY ON THE PISCIFAUNA OF THE IDUKKI RESERVOIR AND CATCHMENT AREA
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) GOPINATH, P; JAYAKRISHNAN, T. N
    From the area under report 17 species, 15 endemic and 2 exotic, of freshwater fish have been identified. Of these, 8 species are commonly found in the catches and are of fishery significance. The fact that small fish species which have no fishery importance also support life in other trophic levels of this ecosystem is well exemplified by the interaction of the birds and mammals with these species. A scientific management and monitoring of the reservoir waters as well as the remaining segments of forests are recommended to salvage the wild life and vegetation from a possible rapid deterioration within years.
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    ARYLSALFATASE ACTIVITY IN MARINE POLYCHAETES
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) DHEVENDARAN, K
    Marine polychaetes, collected from the Vellar Estuary exhibited arylsulfatase activity. Lumbriconeries sp. Polydora sp. M onojis sp. and H eteromastus sp. were selected for this study. Of these, Heteromastus sp. showed maximum enzymatic activity and it has been chosen for the enzyme kinetic studies such as pH, optimal temperature, period of incubation and the effect of DDT. Enzyme activity showed single peak at pH 6.2 possibly indicating the presence of one type of arylsulfatase. Maxim.'Jm activity was attained after 12 h of incubation at 29°C. DDT has an inhibiting effect on the arylsulfatase activity even at the concentration of 10 p.p.m. and the activity was completely lost at 100 p.p.m.
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    Vertical Distribution of Marine Wood Boring and Fouling Organisms from the Estuarine Areas of the South West Coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) SANTHAKUMARI, V; NAIR, N. BALAKRISHNAN
    Vertical distribution of marine wood boring and fouling organisms from three different estuarine areas namely, the Ernakulam channel in the Cochin Backwaters, Ayiramthengu in the Kayamkulam Lake and Neendakara in the Asthamudi Lake during the post-monsoon, the pre-monsoon and the monsoon periods is presented. The boring organisms noticed during the present study were Martesia striata, Teredo furcifera, Nausitora hedleyi and Sphaeroma terebrans. The dominant fouling organisms were Balanus amphitrite amphitrite, calcareous worms and Modiolus sp. Algae and diatoms were very common on the sub-tidal panels during the monsoon. The incidence of Teredo, Nausitora and calcareous tube worms were significantly high on the bottom panels. Sphaeroma, Balanus and Modiolus occurred in greater numbers on the intertidal panels
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    Study on the Quality of Beebe-de-mer in Trade and Shrinkage of Specimens During Processing
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) Durairaj, S; Nainar, M.Mohamad; Laine, M.Kingsly; Sudhakaran, R; Inbaraj, S
    The beche-de-mer industry in India is a cent percent export oriented industry being confined to south east coast in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar in Tamilnadu. Chemical quality of 180 trade samples of beche-de-mer of four sizes collected from the beche-demer curing centres of Ramanathapuram district was studied. Moisture ranged from 6.2 to 24.4% and sand content from 0.11 to 20.42% for all grades. Mean values of sand content are for grade 1=3.47%, grade 2=4.50%, grade 3=3.68%, grade 4=6.87%. Sodium chloride was almost constant for all grades at 5.7~~. TV BN values ranged from 10 to 78.4 mg%. 44 laboratory samples of different grades were prepared following trade practice and examined for chemical quality. Mean moisture values are for grade 1=13.4%, grade 2=12.44%, grade 3= 1262% grade 4= 12.08% and mean values of sand are for grade 1=0.70%, grade 2=0.90%, grade 3= 1.16%, grade 4=2.15%. The percentage of shrinkage of the animals ranged from 56% to 60% for dried beche-demer of 7.5 cm size and above.
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    THE GIERSTAD KILN A COMBINED HOT AND COLD SMOKING KILN
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) GJERSTAD, DAG
    A combined hot and cold smoking kiln has been constructed for use at Lake Turkana, Kenya. Used for cold smoking, the kiln's main advantages over the traditional kilns used in this area are its greater smoking capacity and lower firewood consumption. Having the option of using the same smoke house for cold and hot smoking reduces the total construction costs for an operator producing both types of smoke cured product. The hot smoking process was found to require markedly less firewood than cold smoking, a fact of considerable importance in desert or semi-desert areas with sparse vegetation.
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    DENATURATION OF LABEO ROHITHA (ROHU) ACTOMYOSIN ON FROZEN STORAGE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF DI CARBOXYLIC ACID
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) RAO, S. B
    The preventive effect of fumarate, maleate, tartrate and oxalate on the denaturation of frozen rohu actomyosin at-20oC in 0. 7 M KC1 for 7 weeks was examined using an in vitro test model. The rate of denaturation was followed by estimating percentage salt extractability, Ca2 + ATP-ase activity and the clearing response test. Fumarate, maleate and tartrate showed cryoprotective effect for higher concentration of pre-rigor rohu actomyosin of 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml. At actomyosin concentration of 6 mg/ml, maleate and tartrate showed some preventive effect whereas fumarate enhanced denaturation. Oxalate showed poor cryoprotective action. Post-rigor rohu actomyosin was preserved frozen without denaturation to a greater extent than pre-rigor actomyosin.
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    Observations on the Ingression and distribution of Larwal Prawns in the Netravati - Gurupur Estuary,Mangalore
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1984) BHAT, B. VISHNU; GUPTA, T. R. CHANDRASEKHARA
    The spatial and temporal distributions of larval prawns of penaeids and non-penaeids in the estuarine waters of Mangalore were studied. Larvae appears to be passively brought in by the incoming flood tides to the estuary, enjoy a wider distribution throughout the estuarine complex with abundance towards the mouth. The distribution of larval prawns were more in Nethravati than in the Gurupur stretch. The influence of temperature, hydrogen-ion-concentration, salinity and dissolved oxygen on the distributtion of larvae in the estuaries is discussed. Inference on spawning seasons of commercially important prawns in the neighbouring waters has been arrived at based on their larval abundance