Biochemistry & Nutrition

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Browsing Biochemistry & Nutrition by Subject "amino acid composition"

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    Amino Acid Composition of 27 Food Fishes and Their Importance in Clinical Nutrition
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Mohanty, B.; Mahanty, A.; Ganguly, S.; Sankar, T.V.; Chakraborty, K.; Anandan, R.; Paul, B.N.; Sarma, D.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Behera, B.K.; Aftabuddin, Md.; Debnath, D.; Vijayagopal, P.; Sridhar, N.; Akhtar, M.S.; Sahi, N.; Mitra, T.; Banerjee, S.; Paria, P.; Das, D.; Das, Pushpita; Vijayan, K.K.; Laxmanan, K.K.; Sharma, A.P.
    Proteins and amino acids are important biomolecules which regulate key metabolic pathways and serve as precursors for synthesis of biologically important substances; moreover, amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Fish is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and plays important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, crude protein content and amino acid compositions of important food fishes from different habitats have been studied. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and information on 27 food fishes was generated. The analysis showed that the cold water species are rich in lysine and aspartic acid, marine fishes in leucine, small indigenous fishes in histidine, and the carps and catfishes in glutamic acid and glycine.The enriched nutrition knowledge base would enhance the utility of fish as a source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and aid in their inclusion in dietary counseling and patient guidance for specific nutritional needs.
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    Biochemical changes in fish feeds and ingredients during storage
    (Society of Fisheries Techonologists (India), 2004) Kavitha, O.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Nair, P.G.V.
    The changes in major biochemical components of three fish feeds (1000 Grower 15+, 3000 Grower and 6000 Grower A) and three feed ingredients (Indian fish meal, Danish fish meal and wheat flour) during storage for six months are reported. There was no significant change in total protein content either in fish feeds or their ingredients during the storage period. But a significant reduction in crude fat content was noticed in both feeds and ingredients upon storage. Histamine content! of feeds and their ingredients was found to be increasing till the fourth month of storage. Significant decline in the levels of various amino acids was also observed. Unsaturated fatty acids and most of the saturated fatty acids decreased in stored ingredients. But in feeds only a marginal decrease in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids was observed. The results indicate that storage considerably reduces the nutritive value of the feeds and at the same time produces toxic compounds such as biogenic amines.
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    Biochemical composition and nutritive value of common fish feed ingredients of plant and animal origin
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2003) Kavitha, O.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Nair, P.G.V.
    Formulated fish feed has a very important role in the field of intensive fish farming. Therefore it is essential to assess biochemical and nutritional composition of the ingredients used in the manufacture of the feed to formulate a feed according to the nutritional requirements of fish. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the biochemical composition of some of the common feed ingredients, of both plant origin (Commercial wheat flour, Wheat gluten, Wheat bran, Commercial maida, Commercial atta, Maize, Maize bran, Soya flour and Rice flour) and animal origin (Indian fish meal, Danish fish meal, Peruvian fish meal and Shrimp head meal). A greater amount of variation was observed in the moisture content among ingredients ranging from 4.8-12.8%. The total protein content except in the case of wheat gluten ,and soya flour was lower in ingredients from plant sources. The essential amino acid composition was also found to be lower in proteins of plant origin when compared to that of animal proteins. The fatty acid analysis of the feed ingredients showed that the n-3 fatty acids were present in higher concentration in all fishmeals and shrimp head meal as compared to ingredients of plant origin. C sub(16:0), C sub(18:0) and C sub(18:2) were the major fatty acids present in the lipids of the ingredients of plant origin, accounting for more than 80%. In the present study, the notable difference was observed between ingredients of plant and animal origin with respect to the proportion of essential amino acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (C sub(20:5) and C sub(22:6)) indicating that ingredients of animal origin were superior in nutritional composition as compared to the ingredients derived from plants.
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    Biochemical composition and nutritive value of common fish feeds available in cochin area
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2003) Kavitha, O.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Nair, P.G.V.
    The biochemical composition of some of the feeds used in aquaculture is reported. Four grower feeds and 19 other locally available feeds were used for the study. Moisture content varied from 6.3-12.4%; and protein content from 22.4 to 46.9% and mineral content varied from 5.3 to 24.2%. Some of the feeds were found to be very low in fat content (1%). Variations in the proportions of the amino acids in the grower feeds were to a limited extent only. But fatty acid analysis showed great variation among greater feeds. C18:3 was not present in any of the samples analyzed. The level of C20:5 was very low in one of the samples and the same feed was with low level of C22:6 (1.7%). The study points out the need for formulating the fish feed on the basis of the nutritional requirements of fish.