FT Vol.59(1)
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- ItemComparison of the Single Agar and Double Agar layer methods for Enumeration of Bacteriophages(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) B. Manikantha; R. Karthika; V. Murugadas; S. Visnuvinayagam; B. Madhusudana Rao
- ItemEffect of Trap Funnel angle on Fish Capture Efficiency(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) K. K. Prajith; V. R. Madhu
- ItemIncidental Catch of Marine Mammals and Turtles in Gillnets: Indian Scenario(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) Saly N. Thomas; K. M. Sandhya; Edwin, LeelaGillnets contribute significantly to the livelihood of a major category of fishers, particularly in the artisanal sector. While gillnet is considered as a selective and responsible gear, there is serious concern worldwide due to incidental catch of marine mammals, marine turtles and other large marine organisms in the gear. Such incidental catch is identified as the main reason for the injury, mortality and even decline of certain populations. Very little research has been done on the issue of incidental catch of mammal and turtle in gillnets from Indian waters. The present communication gives an introduction to gillnets in India, the environmental impacts of gillnetting and reviews the incidental catch of marine mammals and turtles in gillnets and also identifies mitigation measures and knowledge gaps in addressing these issues. Gillnets affect mammals and turtles through entanglement and ingestion of gear or gear parts. The increasing number of gillnet fishing units and the upward trend in length and vertical height of the nets deployed are likely to increase marine mammal and turtle interactions with gear in future. We suggest regular monitoring of this fishery, with special reference to incidental catch of marine mammals and turtles. Regulation of gillnet fishing effort in terms of size and number of gears along with continued research to develop mitigation strategies and policy guidelines at the national level would ensure responsible gillnet fishing.
- ItemListeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Glass surface: Survivaland Efficacy of two Sanitizing Agents for Inactivation(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) Sanjoy Das; K. V. LalithaListeria monocytogenes is a very important seafoodborne pathogen, which is capable of forming biofilm on different food-contact surfaces. The efficiency of two commonly used sanitizing agents of seafoodprocessing industry was checked for inactivation of this pathogen in biofilm formed on glass surface. Treatment with 220 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 5 min and 1000 ppm benzalkonium chloride for 30 sec could totally inactivate the L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 in the biofilm. Reduction of the level of this organism to a great extent was possible even at lower concentration in case of both the sanitizers. However, the planktonic cells were found to be highly susceptible. Treatment with 130 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 5 min or 100 ppm benzalkonium chloride for 30 sec can totally inactivate planktonic cells of L. monocytogenes. During storage at 30ºC, the L. monocytogenes could be recovered from the biofilm upto 26 days of storage. The concentration of chlorine (50-100 ppm), which is commonly used for disinfection different surfaces of seafood-processing plants, can reduce the level of this pathogen to a great extent. The findings of the present study will be helpful in designing proper guidelines for prevention of transmission of L. monocytogenes through seafood-processing plants.
- ItemMulti-biomarker Responses to Cadmium Toxicity in Indian Green Mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) K. L. SreejamoleBivalves are considered as good bioindicators for monitoring metal contamination in marine environment because of their ability to accumulate heavy metals in their soft tissues from sea water. Present study investigated biological response of Indian green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), to cadmium toxicity through antioxidant enzymes and overall accumulation during the period of study. The mussels were exposed to cadmium at different sublethal concentrations and the cadmium uptake and accumulation in the soft tissue were estimated after 21 days. Metallothionine formation in the cadmium exposed mussels were also evaluated. Results of the present study showed a definite linear increase in cadmium accumulation during the period of exposure. Mussels exposed to sub lethal concentrations of cadmium at 400 µg L-1, showed an overall gain of 1.466 µg g-1 and 1.981 µg g-1 on 15 and 21 days respectively. Cadmium exposure elicited a significant increase in metallothionein concentration in digestive gland of P. viridis, the concentration was found to increase with dose and period of exposure. Antioxidant enzyme levels were higher in hepatopancreas followed by gills on 15 and 21 days of exposure, except in the case of SOD which was higher in gills. Overall, the bioaccumulation of Cd2+ in P. viridis was found to display a concentration-dependent trend in antioxidant enzyme levels, with significant differences among different tissues exposed.
- ItemNutritional Evaluation of Fish feeds Formulated with Fishdiscards or Shellfish waste as Alternative Protein Sources(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2022-02-02) K. Kushani K. Premawansha; M. P. Kumudu S. K. de Silva; K. B. Suneetha Gunawickrama; Bjørn-Steinar SætherIn the present study, nutritional profiling of the alternative main protein sources (AMPs) such as shellfish waste, fish offal and by-catch were carried out to evaluate the possible role to replace the fishmeal in the diet. Five diets were prepared with 40% (by weight) dried filtrate of autolyzed prawn and crab wastes (Diet A), dried fish offal (Diet B), dried by-catch (Diet C), a mixture of dried offal and shellfish waste (1:1 w/w, Diet D) and the reference diet (Diet E) using a commercial fish meal (CFM) as main protein sources. Other ingredients were common to all diets. Proximate composition of CFM, AMPs and five prepared diets were determined. Micronutrient contents, namely, total amino acid content, free amino acids, and fatty acid composition of the prepared diets were also analysed. The nutrient content of AMP was different only in the fish offal, of which the crude protein content (56.96±1.78) was significantly lower than that of the autolysed shellfish waste (71.75±5.38), dried by-catch (65.26±1.63) and CFM (70.06±1.257) (ANOVA, Tukey test, p<0.05). Crude lipid content of fish offal (22.81±0.57) was the highest while that was significantly different from each other (5.26±1.12, 13.55±1.61 and 18.46±0.735 for shellfish waste, dried bycatch, and CFM respectively (ANOVA, Tukey test, p<0.05). Mean crude protein of Diet B and C were significantly lower than that of other three diets. Crude fat, n-6 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of four test diets were comparable to those of the reference diet while essential amino acids and n-3 fatty acids were significantly higher in reference diet. Presence of free amino acids in Diets A, C and D is an added quality to use the AMPs in formulating aqua feed. Economically viable feed can be prepared by using AMPs compared to the fishmeal diet and it confirms the possibility to replace fishmeal in formulated fish feed. Feeding trials will confirm the feed palatability, digestibility and growth performances of fish.
- ItemPrevailing challenges in Processing of Fermented Fisheryproduct ‘Shidal’ in Tripura, India and Solutions(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) Uchoi, Devananda; Kishore, Pankaj; Kumar, Anuj; Nadella,Ranjit Kumar; Satyen Kumar Panda; A. A. ZynudheenShidal is a traditionally bio-processed fermented fishery product produced from minor carps particularly, Puntius sp. It plays a significant role in the diet of North-Eastern people in India. In Tripura and other North-Eastern states, shidal is consumed as health food by general public. Hygienic processing of shidal has received more attention in recent years as the number of consumers and demand for superior quality shidal is increasing. The study was undertaken in 14 dry fish markets from 4 districts of Tripura through market survey and personal interview to identify key challenges associated with processing of shidal. Data was collected from a total of 50 randomly selected respondents from commercial shidal processors (n=10), household shidal processors (n=10), retailers (n=20) and local vendors (n=10). It was found that for commercial shidal processors, supply of poor quality raw materials and lack of skilled workers were the major issues. In case of household processors, lack of adequate infrastructure and breakage of earthen pots were the main issues; whereas, for retailers and street vendors lack of proper packaging system was the main issue. Thus, the challenges in shidal processing were recorded and solutions are suggested which could help the policy makers to recommend guidelines for hygienic handling and processing of shidal.
- ItemRural Women Entrepreneurship through Value Addition ofFish: A Case Study(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) S. Tanuja; J. Charles Jeeva; E. Rout
- ItemSize Selectivity of Square Mesh Cod-end with respect toStolephorus commersoni (Lacepède, 1803) and white fish,Lactarius lactarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) along Eastcoast of India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-02-02) R. Raghu Prakash; G. Kamei; U. Sreedhar; M. Swamy KumarSelectivity of trawl cod-ends square mesh with respect to Stolephorus commersonii and Lactarius lactarius were studied off Visakhapatnam along the east coast of India. Covered cod-end method was applied to assess selectivity parameters. The L25, L50, L75 values for 30 mm cod-end of S. commersonii were 10.56, 11.17 12.98 cm whereas selection range (SR), selection factor (SF) and selection ratio (Sr) were estimated at 2.42, 3.92 and 0.8 respectively. Estimated L25, L50, L75 value for 40 mm trawl cod-end of L. lactarius were 13.23, 14.95 and 16.93 cm whereas selection range (SR), selection factor (SF) and selection ratio (Sr) were 3.69, 3.73 and 0.9 respectively. The retention length for the square mesh cod-end found to be superior compared to conventional diamond mesh cod-end.