2018
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- ItemAssessment of potential hazards in shidal, an ethnic fermented fish product of north-east India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Uchoi, D.; Hanjabam, M.D.; Kumar, A.; Kishore, P.; Panda, S.K.; Nayak, B.B.Fermented fish products are very popular in North- East region of India because of its unique taste and flavour. Two popular products, puthi shidal and phasa shidal, from Tripura were analyzed for biogenic amines, toxic heavy metals and foodborne micro-organisms of public health significance viz., Salmonella, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biogenic amines were detected by HPLC with UV-VIS detector using gradient elution method. Highest concentration of histamine, cadaverine and putrescine were detected in puthi shidal collected from Nutanbazar with a value of 118.18±1.78 ppm, 380.26±2.15 ppm and 141.87±1.20 ppm respectively. Spermidine and spermine were detected to be in the range of 21.38±0.88 - 41.89±0.83 ppm and 47.99±0.65 - 124.50±0.87 ppm respectively which was comparatively at lower concentration. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were determined using ICP-OES. The concentrations of heavy metals detected were within maximum permissible limit. Arsenic concentration of 2.65±0.02 ppm was recorded as maximum level in puthi shidal from Gulbazar (West Tripura district). Shidal samples are found to be free from pathogen like Salmonella and E. coli. The study indicates that the fermented fish products are free from heavy metal contaminations. Pathogen free fermented fish products are safe to consume. The study further revealed the need for standard production method in order to achieve uniform sensory attributes in the products including the control on histamine formation.
- ItemCharacterization and profilling of protein hydrolysates from white and red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Parvathy, U.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Murthy, L.N.; Jeyakumari, A.; Visnuvinayagam, S.Tuna is considered as one of the richest source of fish protein and concentrating these proteins in the form of hydrolysate finds application in a wide range of food ingredients and pharmaceutical products. Protein rich red meat from tuna has limited use compared to white meat and is usually processed into products with low market-value realisation. An effective alternative is the conversion of this red meat into high value protein hydrolysates. With a view to this aspect, in the present study a comparative assessment of hydrolysates derived from white and red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis) was carried out. Protein hydrolysate was prepared using 1% (w/w) papain with the hydrolysis time of 60 min under optimal hydrolytic conditions to obtain tuna white meat protein hydrolysate (TWPH) and tuna red meat protein hydrolysate (TRPH). The protein content in tuna red meat and white meat were 28.34 ± 1.63 and 26.34 ± 0.79%, respectively whereas protein recovery in their respective hydrolysates were about 36.87 and 42.14%. Evaluation of the functional properties of protein hydrolysates viz., solubility, oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming properties and emulsifying properties revealed that except OAC and Emulsifying Activity Index, all properties were comparatively higher for TWPH. However antioxidant studies viz., DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating activity revealed higher potential for TRPH compared to TWPH. Further detailed studies are required with respect to the variations in these properties as intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors can have a major influence on the characteristics of the derived hydrolysates.
- ItemChilled storage studies of depurated cooked clam meat in two different packaging materials(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Sreedevi, K.H.; James, J.P.; Bindu, J.; Sreejith, S.; Gopal, N.The biochemical and microbiological parameters of depurated cooked meat of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) (Gray, 1825) was assessed for the extension of shelflife in iced condition in two different packaging materials viz., Polyester polyethylene laminate (PEST-PE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Aerobic plate count revealed that the shelflife of black clam was 22 days in PEST-PE and 16 days in LDPE during which the count reached 5.38 log cfug-1 and 4.9 log cfug-1, respectively. The clam meat stored in LDPE had a TBA value of 1.36 mg MDAkg-1 on 16th day and it was 1.23 mg MDAkg-1 for PEST-PE packed meat on the 22nd day. The values of TVB-N was 7.0 mg% and 7.4 mg% after 16 days and 22 days in the LDPE and PESTPE, respectively. Since the value of APC was 5.38 log cfug-1 on the 16th day for clam meat packed in LDPE it was not analysed further as the microbiological count exceeded the limit of acceptability. From this study it is inferred that the shelflife of clam meat may be extended by proper icing after packaging in suitable packing material like PEST-PE.
- ItemCiguatoxin-an emerging biological hazard among reef fishes of India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Rajisha, R.; Kishore, P.; Panda, S.K.; Kumar, K.A.Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is an emerging food safety hazard which has been reported in southern peninsular India in recent times. Ciguateric fishes mostly associated with coral reef ecosystem are implicated in food poisoning outbreaks. USFDA guidance for fish and fishery products classifies CFP as “reasonably likely to occur” in fishes harvested from coral reef regions. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning has been reported from tropical or subtropical areas around the world between latitudes 35°N and 35°S, particularly in the Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Ocean and in the Flower Garden Banks area in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Action levels for CFP limits are now listed as 0.01 ppb for Pacific and 0.1 ppb for Caribbean ciguatoxin. CFP is considered as a natural toxin and USFDA has listed out 12 group of fishes under ciguatera hazard category. With recent EU import rejections of some of the seafood consignments originated from India, CFP has emerged as an important food safety concern. Although, no fatality has been reported so far, morbidity symptoms observed from cases of hospitalization is a definite concern to the export trade. This review deliberates on the significance of CFP, its distribution and hazard control measures.
- ItemClap net operation in Brahmaputra valley for capturing Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Baruah, D.; Bhuyan, A.; Dutta, A.; Baiju, M.; Nobi, P.S.; Pravin, P.Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) is an anadromous fish existing in estuaries and seas and migrates to freshwaters of river Brahmaputra for breeding. Clap nets, locally known in Assam as shangla jal, kholar jal and kami jal are specially designed fishing gear to catch hilsa. This gear has a purse shaped outline and comprises of a bag net supported on an elliptical bamboo frame opening. The net is operated in the month of May-July, when the flood level is high and the water velocity is strong. The maximum catch coincides with the peak migratory season of the fish, encountered in the lower reaches of the river Brahmaputra. Clap nets were observed to have an important contribution in terms of gear preference and selectivity by fishermen associated with hilsa fishing compared to seine nets and gill nets, mostly due to its ease of operation, low cost of fabrication and maintenance, low labour intensity and higher effectiveness.
- ItemComparison of flake ice and gel ice in the preservation of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) fillets(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Hassan, F.; Joshy, C.G.Effectiveness of different icing, gel ice and flake ice in extending the shelf life of fish fillets (Lethrinus lentjan) (Lacepède, 1802) was evaluated. Samples were taken from preserved samples at two days intervals for organoleptic, biochemical and microbiological analysis up to 16 days of storage. Based on t-test, the biochemical variables viz., pH, Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N) and Trimethylamine Nitrogen (TMA-N), ThioBarbituric Acid Value (TBA) Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Peroxide value (PV) showed a significant difference between two methods of icing at. Organoleptic scores for appearance colour, odour, texture and overall acceptability were tested. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between two methods of icing at 5% level of significance during storage, but the significant difference noticed at 10% level of significance. Based on the biochemical and organoleptic analysis, it is inferred that gel icing was better than flake ice storage for storage up to 8 days. Simple linear regression model (significant R2 value) to the experimental data of both type of icing to quantify the rate of change which indicated a significant increase in the quality indices as the storage days increased. On the other hand the rate of increase of biochemical quality indices was minimum for samples stored in flake ice.
- ItemDesign and fabrication of a modified model of indigenous meat-shell separator machine for small scale clam processing units(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Sreejith, S.; James, J.P.; Gokulan, C.R.; Bindu, J.; Gopal, N.Black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) (Gray, 1825) is a bivalve mollusc and majority of its fishery is contributed by Vembanad lake of Kerala. Edible meat has to be separated from calcareous shells of black clam after cooking and the separation of meat from shells is a very difficult task for clam processors. Traditionally, black clam processors rely on indigenous methods for meat-shell separation using devices that lack a standard design, and do not follow any steps to assure the quality of the produce. No food quality standard parameters are adopted while considering the materials used for fabrication resulting in unhygienic handling and processing of clam meat. As a result of the unhygienic handling and processing, the product is often of an inferior quality. In this context, a modified model of indigenous meat-shell separator machine to handle bulk quantities of clams was designed and fabricated. The improved model has continuous mode of operation and the trials using this model demonstrated that it can handle 300 kg clam shells per hour with a meat-shell separation efficiency of 95%. It was found to be efficient, costeffective, ergonomic, and durable and also which conforms to the food safety regulatory requirements. This improved model has the potential to reduce the drudgery of clam processing and can encourage members of the rural communities to take up clam processing hygienically.
- ItemDistribution of potentially pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood and the aquatic environment in Mumabai, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Minimol, V.A.; Balange, A.K.; Nayak, B.B.; Kumar, S.The occurrence of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fresh seafood and the coastal environment of Mumbai, India was examined in this study. Samples comprising of fish, shellfish, coastal sediment and coastal waters were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus by selective enrichment and isolation. Biochemically identified isolates were tested for the presence of tlh (thermolabile hemolysin), tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) and trh (tdh-related hemolysin) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While Chromogenic Vibrio (CV) agar yielded V. parhaemolyticus from all samples (100%), TCBS agar yielded V. parahaemolyticus from 57.1% of the samples. The incidence of trh+ V. parahaemolyticus was high, being isolated from 16.4% of the samples analyzed, while the tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from 1.4% of samples. Two tdh-, trh+ isolates from the coastal water were positive by a in pandemic group-specific (GS) PCR. The study suggests that seafood and coastal environment may harbor pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus with characteristics of pandemic clones, although their incidence is very low. Further, sodium taurocholate (ST) broth and chromogenic Vibrio (CV) agar combination is highly suitable for the isolation of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus from seafood and environmental samples.
- ItemEffect of different organic acids on survival of larvae and control of water microflora in milkfish (Chanos chanos) hatchery system(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Kumar, N.R.; Kumar, P.P.; Siddaiah, G.M.; Murugadas, V.; Basha, K.A.; Sivaraman, G.K.; Prasad, M.M.This study reports the use of organic acids (acetic, malic, formic and citric) in fish larval rearing systems for survival and controlling the microflora of rearing water. The milk fish (Chanos chanos) larvae was treated for 10, 15, 30 and 60 min with seven concentrations (%) viz., 1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.02 of organic acids respectively. The percentage survival was zero (1, 0.2, and 0.1% conc) for all the organic acid at various time periods. The effective concentrations for treating fish larvae are 0.05, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.075% concentrations of acetic, malic, formic and citric acid, respectively where 100% survival was observed. Similarly, when the larval rearing water was treated with different concentrations of same organic acids and time period, complete inhibition of microbial flora was observed (1, 0.2 and 0.1% conc) for all organic acids at various time periods. However, at concentrations less than 0.1%, total bacterial count (TBC) and presumptive Vibrio count (PVC) were found in the range of 3.19 to 5.75 and 2.22 to 3.58 log 10 cfu ml-1. In contrast, TBC and PVC in control group were found in the range of 6.37 to 6.90 and 4.35 to 4.74 log 10 cfu ml-1. The acid treatment with concentrations of 0.075, 0.05 and 0.025 except formic acid at 0.025, 0.020 significantly (p<0.05) improved the survival rates of fish larvae and reduced both TBC and PVC in larval rearing water. The present findings strongly recommend the use of organic acids for treating fish larvae for improved survival and also for reducing pathogenic bacterial load from larval rearing waters.
- ItemEmpirical modelling of drying characteristics of elongate glassy perchlet (Chanda nama) (Hamilton, 1822) in solar hybrid dryer(2018) Alfiya, P.V.; Murali, S.; Delfiya, D.S.A.; Samuel, M.P.This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of solar dryer with electrical back-up to produce quality dried Glassy perchlet (Chanda nama). Insolation of the experimental region varied from 25 to 1025 W m-2. Atmospheric temperature showed a variation between 29.5 to 34.5°C. Relative humidity outside the dryer ranged from 56 to 76.5% showing a direct relationship with temperature. Drying experiment was carried out for 10 h at drying air temperature of 60°C. Relative humidity and velocity of drying air inside the drying chamber was 68% and 0.8 m s-1 respectively. Drying conditions were maintained inside the dryer by electrical back-up. Weight loss of pre-processed C. nama during drying was measured at 1 h duration. Drying characteristic data were fitted into empirical drying models. Two-term model was found to be the best fit for the drying characteristic data under specified conditions (R2=0.998, RMSE=0.016 and χ 2=0.00027).
- ItemFormaldehyde in seafood: A review(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Laly, S.J.; Priya, E.R.; Panda, S.K.; Zynudheen, A.A.Seafood is a nutrient rich commodity accepted all over the world. Illegal addition of formalin (37% formaldehyde) to seafood for extending shelf life affects the health of consumers as it is identified as a potential carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The occurrence of naturally varying levels of formaldehyde present in different food materials including seafood due to post-mortem enzymatic reaction makes the monitoring of illegally added formalin difficult. Understanding the natural levels of free formaldehyde along with proper regulation and monitoring of this harmful chemical is essential for safeguarding health of seafood consumers.
- ItemInfluence of vitamin C on hematololy of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) juveniles during pre and post-challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester, 1901)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Daniel, N.; Muralidhar, A.P.; Srivastava, P.P.; Jain, K.K.; Prasad, K.P.; Anandan, R.; Manish, J.A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to know the effect of vitamin C on the hematological responses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus juveniles during pre- and post-challenge conditions with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of seven purified diets were prepared with 0 (control), 17.5 (T1), 35 (T2), 70 (T3), 175 (T4), 350 (T5) and 700 (T6) mg ascorbic acid (AA) equivalent per kg of diet, supplied as Lascorbyl- 2-polyphosphate (LAPP) and fed to triplicate group of P. hypophthalmus juveniles (mean initial body weight: 3.23±0.01 g to 3.38±0.01 g) for 60 days twice daily. After the feeding and after challenging with A. hydrophila, the haematological parameters were measured in P. hypophthalmus juveniles. All haematological parameter values (except albumin-globulin ratio) viz., serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total white blood cells count (WBC), hematocrit value (HCT) increased significantly (p<0.05) in treatment groups than control (vitamin C depleted diet). Further, the increased hematological values for most of the parameters were observed in the range of 175 to 350 mg AA kg-1. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary supplementation of 175 to 350 mg AA kg-1 diet would be beneficial for the optimal hematological responses for P. hypophthalmus juveniles
- ItemNutraceutical and therapeutic applications of squalene(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Sumi, E.S.; Anandan, R.; Rajesh, R.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Mathew, S.Squalene, an isoprenoid molecule present in large quantities in deep sea shark liver oil and in smaller amounts (0.1-0.7%) in palm, wheat-germ, olive and rice bran oils, is well known for its antilipidemic, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties. Squalene is a key precursor molecule in the biosynthesis of vitamins, cholesterol and steroid hormones in animals. In human, presence of this highly unsaturated hydrocarbon keeps the skin healthy and protects it from ultraviolet radiations mediated carcinogenesis. Recently, squalene has drawn major attention as high valuable compound due its potential applications in the field of pharmacological, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The present review includes a brief description about the natural sources, properties and applications of squalene.
- ItemSeasonal growth and instability of ring seince fishery in Kerala(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018) Das, P.H.D.; Sruthi, P.; Gopal, N.; Edwin, L.Ring seine, which is the major fishery of Kerala, contributes 55.7% of the state’s total marine fish production and contributes 21.31% of the total marine landings of the country, out of which 73.4% is of pelagic resources. Even small fluctuation in the annual output of ring seine reflects on the total fish production of the state. Two types of ring seine systems are operating in Kerala, namely, mechanised (fitted with inboard motors or IBM) and motorized (operated with outboard motors or OBM). This paper examines the growth and instability of fish production from the ring seiners operating from central Kerala, India during the period 2002-2011. Time series data on daily landing from 36 fishing vessels, including 27 mechanised and 9 motorized ring seine units were used for the study. The results reveal that there is a positive growth in the production from the mechanised ring seiners while the growth from the motorized sector has been falling over the period under study. The overall instability ranged from 36-38% and was more prominent in motorized vessels.