Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (EIS))

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Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Economic Impact of Organic Agriculture: Evidence from a Pan-India Survey
    (MDPI, 2022-11-14) Anugu Amarender Reddy; Indrek Melts; Geetha Mohan; Ch Radhika Rani; Vaishnavi Pawar; Vikas Singh; Manesh Choubey; Trupti Vashishtha; A Suresh; Madhusudan Bhattarai
    The demand for organic foods is increasing worldwide due to health and environmental benefits. However, there are several unanswered questions, such as: Do organic farmers generate higher profits? Will the cost of cultivation reduce to compensate for low yields? Can farmers practice as per the organic agriculture protocols and obtain certification? The literature on organic agriculture varies widely in terms of profitability, yields and costs of organic products. A few studies have researched site-specific organic agriculture, but none have compared organic with conventional agriculture at larger scale in India. The Indian government has promoted organic agriculture since 2015 through its pan-India scheme—Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). Under this program, there were 13.9 million certified organic farmers in 29,859 organic clusters, covering 0.59 million hectares (about 0.4% of the cropped area in India). This study assessed the implementation process of PKVY and the impact at the farmer level using the Difference-in-Difference approach. An economic surplus model was employed to observe the macro scale using data from an all-India representative sample from 576 clusters for the crop year 2017. The results identified that organic farmers experienced 14–19 percent less costs and 12–18 percent lower yields than conventional farmers. The net result is a marginal increase in profitability compared to traditional agriculture. The economy-wide economic surplus model indicates that there will be a reduction in producer and consumer surplus due to reduced crop yields. However, if the shift from conventional to organic is confined to rainfed, hilly and tribal areas, there will be an increase in both consumer and producer surplus.
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    Evaluating the fishery of tropical reservoirs using surplus production models: A case study of Aliyar Reservoir, Tamil Nadu, India
    (Wiley, 2021-05-18) Geethalakshmi, Vaidhyanathan; V., Chandrasekar; Shanmugavel, Chinnadurai; Hassan, Femeena; Gopal, Nikita
    Reservoir fisheries support the livelihood needs of socio-economically deprived fishers and ensure the nutritional security of rural populations. To sustain community food safety and economic needs, a basic understanding of the prevailing biological and economic conditions, as well as a comprehensive evaluation of the fishery is essential. To this end, the present study focused on evaluating the fisheries of the small Aliyar Reservoir located in the Coimbatore District of the state of Tamil Nadu, India, utilizing surplus production models. The maximum recorded fish catch was 51.3 MT in 2015, with the minimum catch of 10.89 MT obtained in 1991, and the average production during 1985 to 2018 being 30.80 MT from the reservoir. The peak catch season was during the months of February to May. The MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) and other key fish population parameters, including the carrying capacity (K), catchability coefficient (q), intrinsic population growth rate (r) and coefficient of variation (CV), using catch and effort data (CEDA) analysis and ASPIC (a surplus production model incorporating covariates) computer software packages. Using CEDA software, the estimated MSY was 36.92 MT (CV = 0.47) using the Fox model and 36.68 MT (CV = 0.307) using the Schaefer model. An integrated surplus production model (CYP) of Clarke et al. (Marine Research Economics, 1992, 7, 115) was also fitted to the data and found to be the best fit with the MSY, an estimated optimum effort of 51.20 MT and 5110 nets/year. The results indicated the need for increasing the fishing effort with appropriate standard gears for exploiting the fish stock. Further economic optimization with the CYP model indicates increasing the fishing effort by 34% will lead to a 40% increase in the annual profits for the fishermen.
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    Gender Roles in Fisheries along the Vembanad Estuarine System
    (Asian Fisheries Society, 2016) Sruthi, P.; Jayalal, L.; Gopal, N.
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    Guest editorial: Engendering security in fisheries and aquaculture
    (2017) Gopal, N.; Williams, M.J.; Gerrard, S.; Sisar, S.; Kusakabe, K.; Lebel, L.; Hapke, H.; Porter, M.; Coles, A.; Stacey, N.; Bhujel, R.
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    Guest Editorial: Gender in aquaculture and fisheries - Moving the agenda forward
    (2012) Williams, M.J.; Porter, M.; Choo, P.S.; Kusakabe, K.; Vuki, V.; Nikita Gopal; Bondard Reantaso
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    Irrigation development and equity implications: the case of India
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-04-04) Philip Kuriachen; A. Suresh; K. S. Aditya; P. Venkatesh; Biswajit Sen; Sharath S. Yeligar
    This paper examines the inequity in irrigation distribution in India using a variant of Theil’s entropy measure for the period 1995–2010. The analysis reveals that the level of inequity in irrigation distribution has increased over time. Inequity has declined in canal, tank and well-irrigated systems and increased in the tube well-irrigated system. Decomposition analysis revealed that regional disparities have declined in all sources of irrigation except for tube wells. The role of property rights to groundwater, groundwater markets, energy pricing policy and competitive deepening of wells in worsening the inequity in access to groundwater resources is also discussed.
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    Irrigation development and equity implications: the case ofIndia
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-03-29) Philip Kuriachen; A. Suresh; K. S. Aditya; P. Venkatesh; Biswajit Sen; Sharath S. Yeligar
    This paper examines the inequity in irrigation distribution in Indiausing a variant of Theil’s entropy measure for the period 1995–2010.The analysis reveals that the level of inequity in irrigation distribu-tion has increased over time. Inequity has declined in canal, tankand well-irrigated systems and increased in the tube well-irrigatedsystem. Decomposition analysis revealed that regional disparitieshave declined in all sources of irrigation except for tube wells. Therole of property rights to groundwater, groundwater markets,energy pricing policy and competitive deepening of wells in wor-sening the inequity in access to groundwater resources is alsodiscussed.
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    Mapping of fisheries resources at panchayat level using GIS
    (Asian Fisheries Society, 2009) Nair, V.R.
    The availability of information on resources is of primary importance in the planning and development process and for taking appropriate policy decisions. This is more apt in ecologically fragile areas like the coastal zones. The vulnerability of the coastal zone was evident through the devastating impact of the Tsunami in 2004. To make the process of retrieval and analysis of the data more perceivable, interactive, and easy to visualize, it is ideal to put it on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. This article highlights the development of GIS-based fisheries resource maps of Chellanam panchayat in the Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. The information incorporated in this map was generated using GPS and field level surveys and analyzed and interpreted using suitable geoprocessing tools of ArcGIS, an ESRI software of GIS, used for the development of the GIS models. In all, three resource specific maps were developed besides other figures and tables, generated out of survey data and of GIS analysis.
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    NACA/USAID Thematic Studies on Gender in Aquaculture in Combodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam
    (Asian Fisheries Society, 2016) Satapornvanit, A.N.; Derun, Y.; Gopal, N.; Villacorta, G.
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    Women Workers in the Seafood Processing Sector of Kerala, India - Structural Changes Due to Migration
    (2016) Gopal, Nikita; Sruthi, P; Babu, Chacko; Jayalal, Liya
    Till about early 2000, the women labour on the floor level of the factories were entirely from Kerala. The shift in labour profile began to be observed from after this period. Younger women from the fishing households of Kerala are reluctant to take this job as they were under the impression that it has a low social status. Even though the work is carried out in factories, the work is still referred to as ‘peeling‘. The composition of labour has been witnessing a drastic change with migrant workers now occupying the spaces that local women from Kerala once did. The study attempts to understand the composition of labour in this industry and their socio-economic status, especially migrant women labour
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    Work From Home Improves Or Impairs The Work-Life Balance- A Study Conducted Among Teachers
    (Society of Business and management, 2021) K.S., Sunita; Gopal, Nikita
    In recent years, there has been increasing focus about how to adjust work and life responsibilities in both scholastic and political discussions. Work from home is one activity that has been advanced as a method of improving the work–life balance. Considering this evidence this paper examines the work-life balance experiences of teachers who are working from home during the outbreak of Covid-19. Using the data from 72 teachers selected randomly from different educational institutions of Kerala, it explores the question of whether working (or not) from home improves or impairs teacher‘s capacity to balance their work and life commitments. A Snowball sampling method is adopted for identifying respondents and Chi-square test is used for finding out the variable relationships. The outcomes of the study specify that working from home has a constructive impact on teacher‘s work life Balance. In addition, the result also confirms that working from home certainly increases enthusiasm and satisfaction as teachers are getting more time to spend with their family. It is also found that the use of Information Technology tools in managing the life chores has a significant relationship with Work Life Balance.
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    Workspace of women in the small-scale ornamental fish value chain in Kerala
    (2016) Liya Jayalal; Sruthi, P.; Nikita Gopal
    Aquarium fish keeping is one of the most popular hobbies in the world. The growing demand of aquarium fish has evolved into a USD 8 billion industry globally. It has the potential to become an important source of employment and income, especially for empowering women financially, as it can be taken as a leisure time activity and allows balance between productive and reproductive roles. The present study was conducted in Panangad and Kotatt regions which belong to Ernakulam and Thrissur districts respectively in Kerala, India. The study attempted to identify the gender activity profile in ornamental fish culture and compare the attitude of the women in undertaking the activity in two selected survey sites, one a rural area (Kotatt) and one a semi-urban area (Panangad). The attitudes of the women in both areas were marked against a 5 point Semantic scale. It was found that the attitude of women in Panangad towards ornamental fish farming was negative with scores more towards the negative adjectives describing the culture. They felt that the culture was a loss making activity, having no impact on their economic status. The families in Kotatt region had a more positive attitude towards the culture. They felt the farming was stimulating and fetched them profits and better economic opportunities.