FT Vol.38(1)

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    Cellulolytic Bacteria in Marine Wood Borers
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Dhevendaran, K; Rajashree, R.V; Nair, N. Balakrishnan
    Four wood borers (Sphaeroma terebrans, S. annandalei, Martesia striata and Teredo furcifera) were collected from four stations (Akathumuri, Edava Nadayara, Neendakara and Ashtamudi) of Kerala Coast. The cellulolytic bacterial population in S. terebrans during different seasons were investigated. Maximum population was recorded during monsoon season in the hind gut region. Samples from Ashtamudi and Akathumuri recorded the maximum cellulolytic bacteria in S. terebrans. Similarly a survey of the cellulolytic bacteria in different wood-borers collected from Ashtamudi revealed that M. striata harboured the maximum cellulolytic bacteria and S. annandalei showed the minimum population. Bacterial isolates randomly selected, exhibited maximum cellulolytic activity of 350pg glu.mHh"1 in Micrococcus (AQB Th3) isolated frcm S. terebrans and minimum, 37]jg glu.mHh"1 in Corynebacterium (AQB Th2) isolated from S. annandalei. The enzyme activity in the mouth and viscera of wood borers was investigated. It was noted that maximum cellulolytic activity was in the mouth region though not low in the visceral region.
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    Changes in Biochemical Composition in Indian Major Carps in Relation to size
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Sankar, T.V; Ramachandran, A
    Total biochemical composition of freshwater major carps, Labeo rohita -(rohu); Catla catla (catla); Cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal), in relation to size was evaluated. The water soluble nitrogen iraction constituted about 21% of the total nitrogen. Salt soluble fraction constituted 55 - 60% of the total nitrogen. Non-protein nitrogen represented 12% of the total nitrogen in all the cases except mrigal of small size (9.36%). The insoluble connective tissue contributed to 2-3 per cent of total nitrogen. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) formed 31-39% of the total fatty acids and 60-68% of the MUFA in freshwater carps was C18:l. The essential amino acids contributed to 41 to 51% of the total amino acids in freshwater major carps. Aromatic amino acid content was slightly higher compared to marine fishes while the proportion of proline was less. Variations in composition in relation to size are discussed. The autolytic activity was significantly higher in small fish in all the three species
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    Effect of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth and Survival of Fingerlings of the Indian Major Carp Cirrhinus mrigala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Marimuthu, K; Sukumaran, N
    Six isonitrogenous semi purified diets with graded levels of lipids (4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5 and 12%) were prepared in pelleted form and fed to the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala for 60 days to evaluate the changes in growth and feed conversion. Absolute, relative and specific growth rates were found to be higher and FCR values better in fishes receiving a diet containing 7.5% lipid
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    Effect of mesh size on selectivity of square mesh code ends.
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2001) Kunjipalu, K.K.; Meenakumari, B.; Joseph Mathai, T.; Boopendranath, M.R.; Manoharadoss, R.S.
    The effect of mesh size on the selective escapement of length class of trawl resources including nine fin fishes and three shell fishes was studied using 20, 25, 30 and 40 mm square mesh codends. Comparatively more juveniles and sub adults were retained in 20 mm square mesh cod ends while 40 mm square mesh permitted escapement of many commercially important groups such as penaeid prawns and squid. 30 mm square mesh cod end has shown compromise size selection properties by providing escapement of most of the juveniles while retaining bulk of economically important species groups. Selectivity parameters and selection curves were determined in respect of twelve species selected for the study.
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    Effect of Washing on Polyphenoloxidase Activity in Metapenaeus monoceros
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Choudhury, D.R; Chakrabarti, R
    The enzyme, polyphenoloxidase, is responsible for the black spot formation in prawn. Sulphiting agents such as sodium metabisulphite and sodium bisulphite are widely used in prawn processing factories to control black spot, but sensitive persons are allergic to these chemicals. Repeated washing with optimum volume of potable water helped to leach out polyphenoloxidase from prawn considerably. 92% of the enzyme was leached out in the first two washing in the case of headless shell-on prawn and 53% was leached out in case of shell on whole prawn
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    Enzymatic Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Some Vibrio and Aeromonas Strains
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Al-Dagal, Mosffer M.; Bazaraa, Wael A.
    API-ZYM system and antibiotic sensitivity assay were used to characterize twelve strains of Vibrio and three strains of Aeromonas, each belonging to different species. APIZYM showed that all tested strains exhibited negative activity for a-galactosidase, P-glucuronidase, a-mannosidase and cc-flucosidase. All strains expressed positive activities for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, and naphthol AS-BI phosphohydrdase. p-glucosidase activity was a characteristic of the three Aeromonas strains. Also, Aeromonas strains as well as V. damsela gave very high N-acetyl P-glucosamidase activities. Aeromonas hydrophila, A. trota and V. hollisae were susceptible to all 9 tested antibiotics, and ClO and C30 were active against all tested strains. API-ZYM system and antibiotic susceptibility profile gave additional information that can help in identifying and separating very close species of Vibrio and Aeromonas.
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    Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian Fish Balls
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Huda, Nurul; Abdullah, Aminah; Babji, A.S
    A total of 10 brands of Malaysian fish balls were analyzed for physiochemical properties like colour, cooking effect, proximate composition and texture (folding test). Results showed that there was a wide variation in the amount and types of ingredients used in producing the different kinds of fish balls. The weight of samples analyzed ranged between 6.25 - 15.14 g with price varying from US $ 1.97-3.62/kg. The colour value for lightness (L) of fish ball varied significantly (p<0.05), ranging from 62.14-76.85. Different brands of fish balls exhibited different cooking effect, which ranged between -11.06% and +8.21%. All samples showed AA grade in folding test, which indicated that the texture of fish balls was acceptable to consumer
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    Relative Effectiveness of Selected Extension Teaching Methods and Their Combinations in Teaching Rural Aquaculturists
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Ojha, J.S; Sinha, P.M
    The present study revealed that among three individual extension methods (personal contact, group discussion, bulletin), personal contact was most effective in convincing the rural aquaculturists about the utility of an innovation. Bulletin occupied the last position in the order of effectiveness. Among the combinations of two, personal contact and group discussion resulted in maximum conviction regarding the merit of a new idea. The combination of group discussion and bulletin appeared to be least effective. The combination of personal contact, group discussion and bulletin proved significantly more effective than any of the three extension methods either individually or in combinations of two. The effectiveness of extension methods and their combinations was influenced by the level of education of the people. It may be concluded that in making aquaculture innovations popular with rural aquaculturists, better results can be achieved if the innovations are first exposed to the fish farmers with high level of education who can act as key communicators and multiply extension efforts
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    Survival and Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Refrigerated Fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Jeyasekaran, G; Karunasagar, I
    The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive and grow in fish at refrigerated condition was studied. Fresh, white sardine (Kowala coval) were washed and inoculated with L monocytogenes (NCTC 1994) at a level of 104 cfu.g"1. The inoculated fish were kept at room temperature (28±20C) for 6 h and then stored at refrigerated condition (4±10C). The fish was found to have a load of 105 cfu.g"1 of L. monocytogenes after the temperature abuse. Though there was a minimal increase in the count during the first two days of refrigerated storage, a slight reduction in counts was observed on the 4th day of chilled storage and thereafter the counts did not show appreciable change. The results suggest that chilling does not have a significant effect on the control of L. monocytogenes in fish and there is a possibility of contaminated seafood acting as a vehicle of infection.
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    Use of Fermented Fish Ensilage in the Diets of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2001) Neethiselvan, N; Jasmine, G. Indira; Manikandavelu, D; Venkataramani, V.K
    A feeding experiment was conducted to assess the ability of Etroplus sumtetisis (Bloch) to utilize diets containing fish ensilage as a major protein source. Attempt was also made to find out whether the neutralization of the fermented ensilage influenced the growth of £. suratensis or not. No significant difference in the survival rate of fish fed with various feeds was noticed (P(0.05). However, significant difference could be observed in specific growth rate,(P<0.01), food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio (P<0.05). The study revealed that the diets containing fish ensilage, either neutralized with calcium hydroxide or without neutralization, could yield better weight gains (86.25% and 89.08% respectively) than other feeds. £. suratensis could utilize diets containing fish ensilage as the major source of protein for growth. While ensilage - based diet neutralized with sodium hydroxide recorded lower weight gains (80.87%) the effect was more adverse when potassium hydroxide was used as the neutralizing agent (56.18%).