FT Vol.59(3)

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    A Comprehensive Account of Fishing Crafts and Gears of River Tapti, India
    (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2022-08-02) S. P. Kamble; Dibakar Bhakta; W. A. Meetei; Vaisakh G.; J. K. Solanki; S. K. Koushlesh; T. N. Chanu; B. K. Behera; V. R. Suresh; S. Samanta; B. K. Das
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    Assessing the Safety of Fish Retail Shops and Associated Environment for Antimicrobial Resistant Non–Typhoidal Salmonella
    (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2022-08-02) S. Parveen; Maansi; A. K. Upadhya; R. Huozha
    Non-typhoidal salmonellosis stands among the major foodborne illnesses. Outbreaks from contaminated fishes have been witnessed worldwide. A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 368 samples (fish and associated environmental samples) were collected to assess the presence of non– typhoidal Salmonella in fishes and associated environment of 22 retail fish meat shops. The overall occurrence of the organisms was found to be 4.35% (16/368) with highest in fish rinsing water (18.18%, 4/22) followed by knife swabs (11.11%, 3/27), chopping board swabs (8.33%, 2/24), meat swabs (6.52%, 3/46), floor swabs (4.54%, 1/22), gill and intestine swabs (4.34%, 1/23), fish holding water (2.43%, 1/41). S.Typhimurium (87.5%, 14/16) was found as the prevalent serovar. Major virulence genes harboured were sipA gene (87.5%) followed by stn (75%), sopB (68.75%), sopE1 (56.25%) mgtC (43.75%) and spvC and gipA (12.5%) genes each. The isolates were highly resistant against Tetracycline and Ampicillin (93.75%, 15/16) followed by Nalidixic acid (50%), Ciprofloxacin (37.5%) Ofloxacin, Cefotaxime and Sulfisoxazole (25%) each, Chloramphenicol (12.5%) and Streptomycin (6.25%). Ten Salmonella (62.5%) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). The most commonly occurring resistance genes were gyrA (92.30%, 12/13), blaTEM (53.33%, 8/ 15), aadA1 and strA (50%, 2/4), sul1 (30.76%, 4/13) while tetA was not found in any of the isolates. Resistance to critically important fluoroquinolones and highly important Cephalosporin and Tetracy-cline antibiotics detected in Salmonella isolates is a serious threat to public health.
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    Designs of Typical Small-Scale Fishing Vessels and Gears in Nagapattinam-Kanyakumari Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Kumarakannan Asokan; Paras Nath Jha; Leela Edwin; Manoj kumar B; Amrutha R Krishnan; Mathew Sebastian
    The current study was carried out to documentdifferent designs of small-scale fishing vessels andgears from selected centers of Nagapattinam toKanyakumari districts, along the coast of TamilNadu. Personal interviews and direct observationwere used to gather primary data. The two majorgroups, wooden and FRP fishing vessels weresegregated, out of which 12 types were sub-groupedfor design documentation. Based on the type, areaand method of operation, small-scale fishing gearswere grouped as gillnets, hook and lines, and trawlnets. In total, 12 types of fishing vessels and 9different types of fishing gears were recorded.Design parameter of each fishing vessel and gearwas recorded and technological development insmall-scale fisheries was observed. The outcome ofthe study is a comprehensive database of selectedsmall-scale fishing systems, which can be the sourceof primary input for researchers, governmentagencies, and other stakeholders to formulateguidelines and policies.
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    Economics of Cage Culture of Fish in Karnataka
    (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2022-08-02) Kiran Kumar R. Patil; B. Chinnappa; K. C. Shashidhara; H. S. Sowmya
    Cage culture has emerged as a suitable alternative to fishermen to sustain their livelihood. Cage culture is extensively practiced in Karnataka. The present study aimed at assessment of economics of cage culture in Udupi district of Karnataka. Cage culturing of sea bass and red snapper in two small cages (2S), one small and one large cage (S+L) and two small and one large cage (2S+L) was observed in the study area. The capital investment was highest in case of 2S+L at Rs. 1,34,380. The total cost incurred on production of sea bass and red snapper came to Rs. 4,38,885 and Rs. 8,11,939.20 in case of S+L and 2S+L, respectively. Fishermen following 2S+L was found to be economically successful in terms of net returns (Rs. 233.37/kg and Rs. 122.94/ kg) compared to S+L (Rs. 226.45/kg and Rs. 78.14/ kg) in cage culture of sea bass and red snapper due to the operation of scale economies. The cage system 2S+L was found economically viable but was fraught with constraints in operational and financial management.
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    Effect of Frozen Storage on Physical and Chemical Quality Changes in White Leg Litopenaeus vannamei, Beheaded at Various Stages of Rigor
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Tariq Hussain Bhat; Mithilesh Kumar Chouksey; Amjad Khansaheb Balange; Binaya Bhusan Nayak
    In this study effect of severing skeletal muscle by beheading at different stages of rigor on the quality of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during frozen storage for a period of six months was investigated by physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. Moisture content, NPN and Sarcoplasmic protein showed a decreasing trend, whereastotalprotein content increased in all the treatments during frozen storage. pH value showed anincreasing  trend during the storage study in all the treatments.  TMA-N, TVB-N, Peroxide value and Thiobarbituric acid value also increased  in all the treatments during the storage study, however all the values were well within the acceptable limit.There was a significant decrease in the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness in all the treatments during the storage. The final lower value of hardness was recorded in T3 indicating that serving of skeletal muscle in pre-rigor stage resulted in the better textural properties. The initial highest L* value was found in T2 followed by T1 and T3. Values of a* and b* showed a decreasing trends during the storage study indicating greener and blue colouration. Colour parameters showed significant differences (p<0.05) as storage progressed. Sensory score showed a decreasing trend with the storage reaching to the final value of as low as 6.38. However the shrimp were still acceptable after six months of frozen storage. There was not a significant difference among different treatments indicating that severing of skeletal muscle in different stages of rigor does not affect the quality of the shrimp.
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    Fish Attractants used in Deep Pool at Hogenakkal Falls of River Cauvery, India
    (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2022-08-02) R. K. Manna; S. Sibina Mol; M. E. Vijaykumar; Lohith Kumar; Roshith C. M; Shravan K. Sharma; V. R. Suresh; S. Samanta; B. K. Das
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    Process Optimization of Sorghum Based Extruded Snack Incorporated with Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Meat using RSM
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Cibia George; C. N. Ravishankar; Joshy C. G; Sreejith S
    A study was carried out to optimize processing condition for developing an acceptable Ready to Eat extruded snack using Response Surface Methodology. Tilapia mince was incorporated with a composite blend of sorghum grits and corn flour as base material was used for this study.   The mild flavoured and protein   rich Tilapia, a rich source of omega 3 fatty acids was used to develop an acceptable ready to eat extruded snack using Response surface methodology. The snack was prepared with a twin-screw extruder using composite flour mixture of Sorghum (40-70%) and corn (20-40%) with tilapia fish mince (10-20%). The effect of independent variables such as temperature (120-1300 C), screw speed (300-400 rpm) on dependant variables such as bulk density, expansion ratio, hardness, specific mechanical energy was analysed. Mixture response design with 27 trials were carried out to study optimisation of physical parameters and found that Sorghum 44.87%, corn 40%, tilapia mince 15.13%, at 1300 C and 343 rpm screw speed was found to be ideal for the expanded extruded snack with bulk density 0.132, expansion ratio 3.5, hardness 637.52, specific mechanical energy 165.41, colour 69.58(L*), 1.29 (a*), 18.58 (b*) respectively.   The values pertaining to the product were  statistically significant with R2 value >85 was obtained, for all models. The study explores the possibility of utilization of low-cost underutilised Sorghum and freshwater fish Tilapia in product development with improved nutritional quality, using response surface methodology
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    Quality Evaluation of Spray-Dried Shell Protein Derived from Flower Tail Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Lakshmi Seethl; A. Jeyakumari; U. Parvathy; A. A. Zynudheen
    During shrimp processing, large quantities of waste are generated in the form of head and carapace, which comprises a fair amount of biomolecules like chitin, protein, fat, minerals, astaxanthin, etc. The current practice for the utilization of shrimp waste is the extraction of chitin and chitosan. However, during production of chitin, protein present in the shells are not utilized properly and it can be recovered mechanically. In the present study, the shrimp shell protein was extracted from Metapenaeus dobsoni  by mechanical process and spray dried. The proximate composition and chemical quality parameters (TVBN, TMAN, PV, FFA, and TBA) of Shrimp Shell, Shrimp Shell Protein Solution (SSPS), and Spray-dried Shrimp Shell Protein Powder (SSPP) were evaluated. Functional properties such as foaming capacity, Foam stability, Water absorption capacity, Oil absorption capacity, Hygroscopicity, and Flow properties of SSPP were also investigated.  The TVBN, TMAN, PV, FFA, and TBA values of Shrimp Shell, SSPS, and SSPP were found to be within acceptable limits. Higher protein content was found in SSPP (64.27±0.56%) than in SSPS (52.35±1.04%), the result suggested that SSPP can be incorporated into food as a good source of protein for human consumption.
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    Seaweed and its role in bioremediation- A review
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Rehana Raj; Manju N K; Fazil T S; Anandan Rangasamy; Suseela Mathew
    Increase in global population has resulted in considerable accumulation of wastes in the environment which eventually reach the surrounding waterbodies. Anthropogenic waste leads to deterioration of water quality, making it unsuitable for further use. The water coming after anthropogenic interference are mostly left out untreated, and may contain contaminants like hydrocarbons, phosphorous, heavy metals, nitrogenous compounds, pesticide residues, dyes etc. The polluted waterbodies are mainly a resultant of various anthropogenic activities which is getting discharged with different treatment levels into the aquatic system. These pollutants are finally getting accumulated in the coastal waterbodies leading to pollution and imbalance to the coastal ecosystem. Bioremediation aims at viable treatment technique which lowers the consequences of this contamination on the environment by employing biological agents, such as bioconcentration and removal using seaweeds. Several research works had reported the efficiency of seaweed in removing these pollutants, nutrients and heavy metals from aquaculture systems, agricultures and urban outflow and industrial effluents. In this chapter, we discuss about the application of seaweed in different ecosystem for removing the effluents and contaminants present in the water bodies and improving the water quality. The technique employed by seaweed for quenching these pollutant compounds from water bodies are also included.
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    Status of Mechanised Trawl Fishing Fleet of Cochin, Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-08-02) Lalima Inwati; Remesan M P; Dhiju das P H; Manoj kumar B; Mathew Sebastian; Amrutha R. Krishnan; Leela Edwin
    Trawl fishing is an important element of maritime fishing in the state of Kerala, southwest coast of India. With the increasing pressure of fishing in coastal waters, fishermen working in the mechanized trawl fishing sector have been forced to venture into deeper waters for identification of new fishing grounds and better catch. There have been significant changes in trawl fishery since its introduction and changes in the number and capacity of fishing vessels have increased several times over the past three decades. In this paper, an attempt has been made to document major shift in length overall (LOA), installed engine horsepower of the trawlers, head rope length and wing mesh size from 1955 to 2021. This study reveals that trawlers with LOA of 41.4 m, and engine up to 591 hp were recently introduced into the fleet. Similarly, the head rope length of all trawl nets was in the range 45.0 -160 m. A glaring trend in increasing the wing mesh size of fish trawls and cephalopod trawls were also observed from Kerala. The statutory requirement of square mesh codend were not found to be in use. This study shows an alarming situation in the trawl fishery of Kerala and there is an urgent need for strict implementation of regulations with regard to vessel size, engine power, size of the trawl, codend type and mesh size. Periodic inspection of fishing gear and catch to ensure MLS is highly essential to protect the fishery resources.