FT Vol.44(1)

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    Bacteriological quality of fresh and ice-stored farmed macrobrachium rosenbergii from central kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    Farmed freshwater Scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) collected from four different farms in central Kerala, India were analysed for bacteriological quality immediately after harvest and after icing for two weeks. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TPC), faecal streptococci, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were enumerated. Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (TPC) on fresh prawn (whole) were of the order of 10 super(6)to 10 super(7) cfu g super(-1). The TPC of fresh and ice stored prawn (whole and headless) were within the acceptable limit. The levels of faecal streptococci and faecal coliforms in fresh M. rosenbergii were above the acceptable limits. However, faecal coliform and E. coli numbers were within the limit ( <100 cfu super(-1)) in deheaded prawn during iced storage. Presence of excessively high TPC and faecal streptococci numbers has been a major microbiological problem in freshwater prawn. This study revealed that A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria and Enterococci grew well at refrigerated temperatures. A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria, S. putrefaciens and Pseudomonas were identified as potent spoilers of farmed M. rosenbergii.
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    Colour and textural parameters of threadfin bream surimi during frozen storage as affected by cryoprotectants and chitosan
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Rajalekshmi, M.; Mathew, P.T.
    Effect of chitosan on the colour and textural parameters of threadfin bream surimi during frozen storage were studied in comparison to commercial cryoprotectant blend and also the suitability of chitosan to replace polyphosphate in surimi during frozen storage was analysed. The treatment with cryoprotectants and /or chitosan did not have a significant influence on the moisture levels and pH during frozen storage. The addition of chitosan or cryoprotectants did not affect the colour of the samples. The textural parameters including gel strength showed higher values for the chitosan treated samples. The samples treated with sucrose, sorbitol and polyphosphate showed higher gel strength than the control upto about 4 months of frozen storage, but the textural quality was deteriorated towards the end of frozen storage where it was inferior even to the untreated samples. The sucrose-sorbitol-chitosan blend gave better textural properties to surimi than either chitosan alone or sucrose-sorbitol-polyphosphate bJend.
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    Effect of Different Organic Acids in Silage Preparation fom Shrimp Shell Waste
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Santhosh, S.; Sini, T.K.; Mathew, P.T.
    The comparative effect of three commonly used organic acids in the production of silage from shrimp shell waste is hereby reported. Formic acid, lactic acid and citric acid were used at 5%, 6%, and 9% concentrations respectively. Samples were kept for 16 days and at an interval of three days, changes in pH, viscosity, protein content and mineral content were analyzed. Formic acid silage had the highest liquefaction and mineral content. Amino acid profile showed highest proportion of essential amino acids in formic acid silage. In silage prepared with lactic acid and citric acid, protein content and mineral content were very low. Chitin prepared from the shell residue of formic acid silage had good quality compared to others as supported by FTIR spectrum and mineral status.
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    Effect of Humic Acids on Mercury Toxicity to Marine Algae
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Kaladharan, P.; Bhai, K.S. Leela
    Humic acids extracted from the sediment of Cochin inshore areas exhibited impairment of mercury toxicity to marine algae maintained in Walne's medium under laboratory conditions. Cultures of marinemicro alga Isochrysis galbana contaminated with sublethal concentration of 10 ppb of inorganic mercury and 10 ppm humic acids registered 18%, 21% and 37% increase in oxygen production for two, four and six hours incubation in light respectively, when compared to the controls. Similarly the daily growth rate of seaweed Ulva lactuca registered 26% increase over the control when the seaweed was maintained in medium containing 30 ppb Hg and 30 ppm humic acids. The results are discussed in the light of employing humic acids as growth promoter of marine algae as well as abetting agent of mercury toxicity.
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    An Exploratory Analysis of Patents in Fishing Technology
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Ninan, Sunitha; Sharma, Arpita; P.S., Ananthan
    With growing importance of patents, its relevance and scope in fisheries sector, though not prominently felt so far, is an issue which needs to be addressed with urgency. Accordingly, a study was designed to document patents in fishing technology. First, data was examined with respect to trends in growth of patenting activity in India. Since year wise number of patents during period from 1913-2000 was very small, they were classified under four periods i.e., patenting activities before and after independence (1913-1947,1947-1970), before and after Indian Patent Act 1970 (1971- 1995) and before and after WTO era (1996-2000) so as to facilitate comparison. Patents maintained by Indian patent office and indexed under section 82 XIV (4): Fish and Fishing as per Indian classification key were grouped under the discipline 'fishing technology'. Total of 15 patents were granted during 1947-1970, 10 patents during 1971-2000 and 1 in post TRIPS period (1996-2000) suggesting a decline. From 1995-2002, 13 patent applications exist. Patents were under category fishhooks, fishing rods, fishing reels, baits, power block, short gun, tapes etc. used for fishing gear. Foreign applicants account for 78.38% of patents while 21.62% of patents are by Indians. Among domestic applicants, individuals account for 13.51% patents. Majority of applicants are foreign individuals accounting for 54.05% of patents granted
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    Factors Responsible For Discriminating Between High and Low Adopter Categories of Shrimp Farmers
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) P.S, Swathi Lekshmi; N, Balasubramani; Vimala, Deboral; K, Chandrakandan
    Shrimp farming on a commercial scale has come to be the main stay, of the coastal economy of the country. Scientific Shrimp farming is characterised by the adoption of improved technologies for getting a better yield both in terms of quantity and quality. Adoption of improved technologies is dependent upon a host of factors such as the perceived attributes of the technology, the cost of the technologies and the policy environment in which the technologies are adopted. Among these factors, certain factors help to discriminate between high and low adoption categories. These are vital from the point of view of technology development and refinement. In this study 60 shrimp farmers of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for identifying the factors responsible for discriminating the high and low adoption categories of shrimp farmers. The findings revealed that, the variables such as attributes of shrimp culture technologies such as efficiency and feasibility of technologies had substantial importance in the classification of shrimp farmers into high adopter category and low adopter category. Further, it was observed that of the 60 shrimp farmers studied, 31 belonged to high adopter category and 29 belonged to the low adopter category.
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    Fishing hooks: a review
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Thomas, S.N.; Edappazham, G.; Meenakumari, B.; Ashraf, P.M.
    Fishing hooks stand out among the simplest and the oldest of such devices. They are not well studied, and the available studies are out dated dur to emergence of new models materials and technologies. Methods of numbering of hooks are not standardized. This review dwells into their history and evolution, terminology, properties, classification, numbering, testing procedure and hooking efficiency. The study points to the need for a comparative study of hooks in terms of their relative properties and also as a conservation tool for sustainable development of recreational fishing.
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    Seasonal variation of metal concentration in barnacles (balanus spp.) of Cochin estuary, south west coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Ashraf, M.P.; Meenakumari, B.; Thomas, S.N.
    The study was conducted to evalua.te the accumulation of heavy mt!tals in barnacle shells and tissues in different seasons of the year. Heavy metal concentration was monitored in barnacle tissues and·shells on a long term and short term (monthly) basis by exposing giass panels in Cochin estuary. Short term panels gave a clear idea of the dynamics of heavy metal accumulation in barnacles. Accumulation of chromium and cadmium was maximum in the tiss.ues and shell during the monsoon season whereas lead and nickel was maximum in pre monsoon perlod. Selenium varied irregularly and arsenic was detected only in one sample. Higher levels of copper and manganese were observed in shells during both high and low salinity season (pre monsoon and monsoon). Manganese and iron uptake was significantly higher in the initial stages of growth and is mainly utilized for shell formation. Zinc was maximum during monsoon in short term panels whereas in soft tissues of long term panels it was detected during monsoon and pre monsoon seasons. Fouling settlement on exposed glass panels was highest during November, the transition period from monsoon to post monsoon season.
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    Sensory, Microbiological and Biochemical Quality of black pomfrets (Pampus niger) stored in dry ice and ice
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Sukumar, D; Jeyasekaran, G; Shakila, R. Jeya; Anandaraj, R.; Ganesan, P
    The sensory, microbiological and biochemical quality of black pomfrets (Pampus niger) stored in different ice packages was investigated. Pomfrets packed in dry ice at the ratio of 1:1 (w/w) were found to be sensorialy suitable for consumption when they were stored for 24 h without re-icing. Pomfrets stored in a combination of dry ice and ice at the ratio of 1:0.2:0.5 (w/w/w) and in ice at the ratio of 1:1 (w/w) (as control) were acceptable up to 18 h and 12 h, respectively. Total bacterial load ranged from 104 to 107 cfu/g, while total psychrophiles from 103 to 106 cfu/g. Total lactic acid bacteria varied from 103 to 105 cfu/g. TVB-N and TMA-N contents were within the permissible limit in pomfrets stored in dry ice. Hypoxanthine (Hx) contents ranged from 3.46 to 8.96 mg/lOOg and FFA content varied from 10.35 to 54.34% as oleic acid. Lowest temperature of -110C was recorded in pomfrets stored in dry ice. Packages I and II had 100% C02 inside after one hour of storage
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    Status of Bottom Trawl Fishery In Kerala (South India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Kurup, B. Madhusoodana; Rajasree, Radhika
    The total number of bottom trawlers operated from 11 harbours in Kerala comprising 6 major and 5 minor harbours were enumerated during August 2000 to July 2001. A total of 4960 bottomtrawlers were found to operate during the study period. On an average, 1542 trawlers were landed per day in Aug-2000 while it was only 738 in Nov-00 being the lowest. 40-50'LOA size class vessels (38%) dominated among the trawlers operated in Kerala followed by 31-40' (30%). Total bottom trawl landings were quantified as 2,46,116 tonnes that accounts for 46% of the total marine fish landings and 87% under total mechanised sector during 2000-01. The annual average CPUE was estimated to be 891kg with a catch/hr of 53 kg. Highest share of the trawl landings was reckoned from 21-40 m depth contributing to 24.5% while highest CPUE from bottom trawl net was also recorded from the same depth
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    Studies on Long- Term Storage of Sperm of a Marine Ornamental Fish, Istiblennius edentulus (Perciformes: Blennidae
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Sivaprasad, P. S; Paul, C.E; Natarajan, P; Jayaprakas, V
    Detailed study was conducted on the effect of cryopreservation on spermatozoa of a marine ornamental fish of the family Blennidae. The long-term preservation of spermatozoa of Istiblennius edentulus was conducted with 5 different extenders in combination with 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations of DMSO, Methanol and Glycerol as cryoprotectants. The best post thaw motility was observed with Alsever's solution as extender and 5% Glycerol as cryoprotectant (88.12%motility and 89.19% viability).
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    Toxicity Evaluation of Treated Refinery Effluent using brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Egg and Larval Bioassay
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Krishnakumar, P.K.; Dineshbabu, A.P; Sasikumar, Geetha; Bhat, G.S.
    A bioassay test using Artemia Salina egg and larvae is conducted to evaluate the aquatic toxicity treated refinery effluents. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) has gained popularity as test organism for short-term toxicity testing because of its ease of culture, short generation time, cosmopolitan distribution and its commercial availability as dormant eggs. One year study has been carried out to assess toxicity of effluent samples collected from an oil refinery at Mangalore, (India) on the egg hatching and larval survival rate of A. salina. The chemical quality of the refinery effluent collected during Oct 2002 - Sep 2003 was found to be within the prescribed permissible limits. The mean EC50 for egg hatching rate using the effluent collected during the dry and wet seasons was 40.6% and 73.4% effluent (% by volume) respectively. The mean LC50 value for larval mortality using the effluent samples collected during the dry and wet seasons was 37.2% and 48% effluent respectively. The mean No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for the effluent in the present study was 6.3%. The reported natural dilution available in the Arabian Sea near the marine outfall of the refinery is sufficient enough to dilute the effluent below the observed NOEC.