2019

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    Beetroot peel extract as a natural preservative for shelf life extension of deccan mahseer (Tor khudree) Steaks during chill storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Maqbool, H.; Safeena, M.P.; Kumar, K.S.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Ninan, G.; Kumar, B.M.
    The efficacy of solvent free beetroot (Beta vulgaris) peel extract in retarding the lipid oxidation of mahseer steaks were evaluated during chill storage. Preliminary analysis of the beetroot peel extract (BPE) for antioxidant activity were evaluated based on the total phenolic content, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 2, 2- azino-bis (3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity. BPE had total phenolic content of 360.47 mg 100 g-1; both DPPH activity (91.62%) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (99.04%) were found to be higher at 20% concentration. Mahseer steaks were given dip treatment in beetroot peel extract (20%, w/v) then packed in LDPE pouches and kept at 0-2°C. The effect of dip treatment on quality changes of steaks were assessed periodically for biochemical (pH, PV, FFA, TBA, TMA, TVB-N), microbiological (total plate count) and sensory characteristics along with control sample. The microbial analysis revealed that the control (CT) sample reached to the limit of acceptability (7.47 log cfu g-1) on 9th day while treated sample remained within the limit up to 15th day of storage. Sensory evaluation also showed the decreasing trend as the storage days increased. The results showed that CT sample exceed the acceptable limits on 9th day of storage, whereas the BPE treated sample was found to be acceptable up to 15th day indicating the positive role of BPE in shelf life extension of masher steaks under chilled storage (0- 2°C).
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    Chilled storage study of value added black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) (Gray, 1825) products in two different packaging materials
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Anju, A.V.; Harsha, K.; Sethulakshmi, C.S.; Sreejith, S.; Panda, S.K.; Gopal, N.; Bindu, J.
    Black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) (Gray, 1825), a nutrient rich bivalve was used for preparing two products viz., clam cutlet and clam bonda, and packaged in two different packaging materials, 200 gauge low density polyethylene and 12 μ polyester/ 200 gauge polyethylene laminate. The biochemical and microbiological parameters of the products were analyzed to study its storage stability in chilled condition. Parameters like pH, color (L*, a*, b*), total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) were within permissible limit during the period of observation. The aerobic plate count, after 24 days of storage of the products were in the range of 6.81 to 7.41 log10 cfu g-1 and 6.3 to 7 log10 cfu g-1 for LDPE and PES/PE respectively. Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae were absent throughout the storage period. The study showed that biochemical and microbiological parameters were greater for the products packed in LDPE compared to PES/PE laminate, indicating that the laminate film was more efficient in preserving the quality of the products when compared to monolayer films.
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    Comparative analysis of RAPD, RFLP and PFGE for the characterization of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood and coastal environment
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Minimol, V.A.; Kishore, P.; Nadella, R.K.; Panda, S.K.; Nayak, B.B.; Prasad, M.M.; Kumar, H.S.
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is ubiquitous in coastal marine environment. Certain strains of V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic to humans and harbors either or both thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene and tdh related hemolysin (trh) gene. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the aquatic environment from Mumbai, India were characterized with respect to their virulence genotypes by employing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of 140 samples, twenty five samples harboured virulent V. parahaemolyticus. Pandemic group specific PCR assays viz., GSVP, GSOLD, GSOK, ORF8 and PGS PCR showed differential performances which revealed difficulties in the confirmation of pandemic clone from environmental samples. Results from the molecular characterization employing RAPD and RFLP indicated that the PGS PCR positive isolates (2) showed identical banding pattern in RFLP analysis, whereas GS:OK positive isolates (4) showed similar RAPD banding pattern with 80% similarity among 11 pathogenic strains studied. However, in whole genome comparison by PFGE using notI restriction enzyme, these isolates were scattered in different groups at 40% similarity level. This study suggests that the genetically diverse pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus with characteristic of pandemic clones are present in the coastal environment.
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    Development of an energy efficient portable convective fish dryer
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2019) Alfiya, P.V.; Murali, S.; Delfiya, D.S.A.; Samuel, M.P.
    A portable multipurpose electrical dryer of 10 kg capacity was designed and developed for drying of fishe and other agricultural products. The dryer consists of a drying chamber with total drying area of 2.8 m2, fan, heating element and exhaust vent. The dryer was fabricated using locally sourced materials. Under ‘no-load’ conditions, the drying chamber attained highest temperature of 50±5°C within 60 min of operation. Relative humidity and velocity of drying air inside the drying chamber were observed to be 65% and 0.8 m/s respectively. The study of energy consumption pattern indicated a drying efficiency of 21.42%. A performance evaluation study of the dryer was done for sardine and the maximum drying time required for complete drying was eight hours. Results showed that the entire drying processes occurred under falling rate period. A logarithmic model fitted to the drying data very well for the specified range of drying conditions.
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    Effect of anaesthetics, temperature and aeration in live transportation of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) (Peters, 1852)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Parvathy, U.; Kumar, K.S.; Binsi, P.K.; Nambiar, L.; Ninan, G.; Zynudheen, A.A.
    Fish processing and preservation is mainly concerned with improving the quality and value of seafood and one of the most reliable methods for maintaining the quality of fish is to keep them alive till consumption. This guarantees freshness and more consumer demand unlike the other processed commodities. However the stress associated with the live fish handling and transportation is a major challenge and minimizing this can successfully improve the survival rate and associated biochemical quality changes of the fish. Anaesthetics are known for reducing stress and related problems during live fish transportation. Hence, a study was carried out to understand the efficacy of anaesthetics viz., MS 222, AQUI-S and clove essential oil on the survival of common tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Results indicated that these sedatives had differential effect on live tilapia, with distinctly diverse induction and recovery time as well rate of survival. Among the three anaesthetics used, highest dosage was required for MS 222, moderate levels for AQUIS and lowest for essential oil for the same extent of sedation in live tilapia. However more intense studies are required to understand the dosage levels for long term transportation. Similarly toxicological studies on the use of essential oil are to be intensely explored to standardize their permissible concentrations in food fishes. Further, trials on the individual and combined effect of low temperature and aeration conditions on the survival rate of live tilapia proved, temperature and aeration to play a significant role in influencing the survival of tilapia.
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    Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract on the quality attributes of microencapsulated fish oil fortified soup powder
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Kumar, L.R.G.; Jayathilakan, K.; Sarika, K.; Priya, E.R.; Greeshma, S.S.; Sultana, K.; Tejpal, C.S.; Mathew, S.
    The effect of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract (PAE) (phenolic content of 2559.56 mg gallic acid equivalents/L) addition in a microencapsulated fish oil fortified soup powder was evaluated in the present study. Fortification of PAE significantly improved the color, rehydration and water activity of the soup powder. The oxidative indices unveiled the role of PEA in protecting the MFO fortified soup powder from oxidative deterioration during the storage period. No faecal coliforms, yeast and mould growth was observed in MFO and PAE fortified soup powder whereas mould growth was there in the control samples. The fortified soup powder has scored high in terms of aroma, taste, consistency and overall acceptability proving its sensory acceptance. The significant findings of the storage study clearly depicted the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal as well as flavour enhancing potential of PAE and hence it can be recommended as a potent natural preservative for fish oil incorporated food systems.
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    Indigenous resource management system in selected backwater stake net fisheries of Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Thomas, S.N.; Archana, G.; Edwin, L.
    Application of indigenous knowledge is common among the traditional fishers operating indigenous fishing systems. Stake net is an important gear operated along the backwaters of Kerala. Stake net fishers follow many traditions in the fabrication, operation and maintenance of the fishing unit. Lunar periodicity based fishing operation and paadu systems envisage resource conservation through control of fishing effort. The fishing canoe and the gear are protected against biodegradation using ecofriendly natural protective coatings thereby protecting the biota from the ill-effects of synthetic dyes and chemical preservatives.
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    Nano CuO incorporated polythylene glycol hydrogel coating over surface modified polyethylene aquaculture cage nets to combat biofouling
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Ashraf, P.M.
    Biofouling on aquaculture cage netting is a major problem and its management costs the quarter of the total budget. The present study aimed to develop an antifouling coating over surface modified polyethylene cage netting. Polyethylene nettings were surface modified with polyaniline and the same surface was coated with nano CuO incorporated polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Strong and uniform coating of polyaniline and hydrogel were formed over the nettings. This was evidenced by FTIR, AFM and SEM studies. The treated cage nets were exposed to the test sites of Cochin estuary for three months and they exhibited a significant reduction in fouling compared to untreated nettings. The nano CuO incorporated hydrogel coating was about 53% more efficient than control. The CuO hydrogel was semi hydrophilic in nature, defect-free and more compact surface. These led to the protein inhibition, thereby biofouling resistance. The coating is a potential candidate for preventing biofouling in the cage nets.
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    Nutritional quality evaluation of feeds developed from secondary raw material from fish processing industry
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Zynudheen, A.A.; Nambiar, M.M.L.; Ravindran, R.; Anandan, R.; Ninan, G.
    Fresh head waste of sardine, threadfin bream, anchovy and tilapia was converted into fish meal after cooking and pressing. Whole sardine was used as control sample. Quality analysis of the prepared meal revealed that the protein content was lower for sardine waste (43.1%) and higher for tilapia (62.3%). The fish meal prepared was used as the protein source for preparing feed along with other ingredients. Isoprotenous feed prepared was administered in Wistar strain male albino rats for a period of 31 days and Feed Intake (FI) Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was estimated. Feed intake was more in threadfin bream waste feed and anchovy waste feed (135.1 g/31 days) which was significantly different from other feeds. The acceptance of feed developed from the waste of fish shows more or less similar to control feed indicating that the waste can be utilized for the development of feed for different animals thereby resolving the problem of environmental pollution.
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    Optimization of processing conditions of hand operated descaling machine for various fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Delfiya, D.S.A.; Murali, S.; Alfiya, P.V.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Gokulan, C.R.; Samuel, M.P.
    ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology has developed a hand operated descaling machine of 3 kg capacity for easy and fast removal of scales in different fishes. This study was to optimize the loading capacity and duration of operation of hand operated descaling machine for various fishes. Effect of loading capacity and duration of operation on descaling efficiency was analysed using response surface methodology. Maximum descaling efficiency of 92.45, 77.24 and 85.78% in sardine, threadfin bream and tilapia, respectively were obtained at 2 kg loading and 9 min duration of operation. Also the highest descaling efficiency of 81.39% was observed at 1 kg loading and 9 min operation for pearl spot. The obtained optimum process variables will be helpful for the small scale fish vendors to use hand operated low cost, efficient descaling machine for quick and hygienic descaling process.
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    A preliminary study on trawl geometry: Effect of speed and warp length on mouth opening
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Jha, P.N.; Chinnadurai, S.; Renjith, R.K.; Madhu, V.R.; Soni, J.
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    Quality and freshness of fish available in super markets of Cochin, India based on biogenic amine content
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Laly, S.J.; Anupama, T.K.; Kumar, K.A.; Sankar, T.V.
    Quality and freshness of thirty nine samples of fresh and frozen fish sold in the super markets of Cochin were determined in terms of biogenic amine content, biochemical and microbial parameters. The contents of putrescine, cadaverin, histamine, agmatine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine were analysed and it showed a wide variation with higher content of spermine and cadaverine. Histamine content was less than 5 mg kg-1 (Range: Nd - 2.19±0.6 mg kg-1). Putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine were in the range of Nd – 7.72±1.7 mg kg-1, Nd – 52.8 mg kg-1, Nd – 6.22 mg kg-1, Nd – 4.34 mg kg-1, Nd - 51.8 mg kg-1 and 0.21- 43.95 mg kg-1 respectively. Levels of putrescine and cadaverine were highest in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Lethrinus nebulosus. In the present study 10.3% of samples exceeded Biogenic amine index (BAI) value of 20 mg kg-1. Around 7.7% of samples were having TVBN content more than 30 mg% and 10.3% of samples were having APC greater than or equal to 7 log cfu g-1. As indices based on biogenic amines are not highly correlated with other quality indices, assessment of biogenic amine indices along with other quality indices for fresh fish can be recommended.
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    A review on techniques and challenges in the harvest of mesopelagics
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Remesan, M.P.; Prakash, R.R.; Prajith, K.K.; Jha, P.N.; Renjith, R.K.; Boopendranath, M.R.
    Harvesting of underutilized mesopelagic resources is among the possible solutions to increase capture fish production, which will also facilitate recovery of overexploited fish resources. Mesopelagics can be a source for fish meal, which is in great demand from the growing aquaculture and animal feed industry and will find applications in areas like nutraceutical and cosmetic industries. Recent estimates based on acoustic data, put the biomass of mesopelagic fishes between 11,000 and 15,000 million tonnes in the world oceans. Even though there is a large potential for developing a fishery for mesopelagics, very little information is available on the appropriate commercial harvesting systems. About 75% of total global catch of small mesopelagic fishes is accounted by myctophids. Average world annual production of myctophids between 1970 and 2015 has been 10,640 tonnes, with a maximum of 74,751 tonnes in 1990. Aimed midwater trawling and pair trawling with appropriate trawl designs have been considered suitable for harvesting mesopelagic resources. An overview of the study is the mesopelagics in the Indian Ocean and its availability in the deep sea shrimp trawl bycatch. Sampling gears and commercial fishing techniques targeting mesopelagics are discussed along with details of experimental aimed midwater trawling conducted in Arabian Sea, targeting mesopelagic resources.
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    Shelf life characteristics of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillets treated with Moringa oleifera (Lam) leaf extract
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2019) Greeshma, S.S.; Sarika, K.; Priya, E.R.; Kumar, L.R.G.; Joseph, T.C.; Pandey, M.C.; Prasad, M.M.
    Effect of dip treatment in Moringa oleifera (Lam) leaf extract (MOL) on the quality and shelf life of vacuum packed Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillets was evaluated during chilled storage at 2 ± 1°C. The control (untreated) and treated groups with 5% (v/v) and 10% (v/v) Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL) were examined periodically at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 days during chilled storage until rejection by sensory, physicochemical and microbiological methods. The study revealed that the Moringa oleifera extract is a good source of phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant potential. The total phenolic content was found to be 183.75 mg GAE 100 g-1. MOL was found to have high antioxidant potential. The pH and TBA values of control group were significantly higher (p<0.05) than treated groups. Among the treated samples 10% treatment showed the lowest value. Moringa oleifera leaf extract was also found to have strong antimicrobial potential which could retain the quality attributes of fillets during the storage time. The dip treatment with 5 and 10% MOL improved the shelf life of fillets by 6 days compared to control under vacuum packed condition. In microbiological view point this treatment can be effectively used as a safe biopreservative to extend the shelf life of vacuum packed pangasius fillets under chilled condition without any adverse effect on the sensory acceptance of the treated fillets.