Extension, Information & Statistics

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A Participatory Assessment of Entrepreneurial Skills among Women in Small-Scale Fisheries
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2021) Gopal, Nikita; J, Charles Jeeva
Women in small-scale fisheries shoulder the responsibilities of both household and financial management. Further, the realization that fishing alone cannot support the family due to highly fluctuating earnings in marine fisheries has necessitated women to adopt other enterprises. Post harvest activities like fish handling, processing and marketing continue to be traditionally women centric in coastal areas. In most cases, the volume of business is very small and so is the income generated through these. This paper aims at assessing entrepreneurial skills of fisherwomen in managing microenterprises, using a participatory tool viz., ‘H form’ method. A sample of 240 fisherwomen representing 24 self help groups (SHGs) from eight fishing villages in Kollam, Ernakulam, Thrissur and Kannur districts in Kerala were selected for this study. The overall entrepreneurship index was 65.22 (±10.15). Out of the 34 parameters assessed for the entrepreneurial skills for managing the micro-enterprises, it could be found that the extent of entrepreneurial skills possessed by them were good with reference to several parameters identified including enthusiasm, economic motivation, planning, time management, organizing, achievement motivation etc. Interventions policy through financial institutions, market support, physical infrastructure, access to information and customized capacity building measures to disseminate desired knowledge would be effective in successful management of microenterprises.
Accelerating Entrepreneurship Development in Fisheries Sector through Agribusiness Incubation
(Indian Farming, 2020) A, Razia Mohamed; Samuel, Manoj P; Ninan, George; C N, Ravishankar
The Indian agriculture sector has witnessed a sustained growth both in terms of investment and technology during the past several years, with a disruptive rise of start-ups providing innovative solutions to the challenges faced by the farming community. As innovation and networking are being increasingly recognized as the crucial factors to enhance the business competitiveness and gain success in the global market, the private sector players are increasingly coming forward to collaborate with public funded R&D Institutes for developing novel technologies with commercial prospects. This is particularly significant in case of agricultural technologies, as most of the research in the domain is carried out by public R&D institutions. Agribusiness incubation centres act as a platform for the speedy commercialization of the technologies and reinforcing of public private partnerships, through an interfacing and networking mechanism between R&D institutes, industries and financial institutions, thereby contributing to a knowledge-based economy. This paper portrays the experience of Zonal Technology Management and Agribusiness Incubation Centre operational at ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology as an innovative developmental instrument for supporting the growth of competitive enterprises in the fisheries sector by advancing innovation in products, processes, and business models. This entrepreneurial support system handholds entrepreneurs to shift their economic resources through strong technical and advisory support, into new ventures that yield higher productivity and returns. Innovative concepts of Technology Readiness Level (TRL), de-risking and empanelling of manufacturing firms etc. were also introduced and practiced by the centre.
Adoption of good management practices by aquafarmers
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2009) Jeeva, J.C.; Balasubramaniam, S.; Srinath, K.
The study was conducted among the aquafarmers in four selected districts viz., Trichur, Alleppey, Ernakulam and Kannur in Kerala. Data were collected on the extent of adoption of good management practices among the sample respondents. Of the 10 practices evaluated, the adoption scores were higher for six practices viz., preparation of ponds (93.15%), eradication of predators and weeds (85.39%), use of PCR tested seeds (84.47%), use of recommended feeding schedule (77.63%), water exchange and quality monitoring (71.69%) and harvesting after prescribed days of culture (70.32%). The extent of adoption of each practice varied significantly (p < 0.01) among the aquafarmers with the overall mean adoption score of 70.09% (n=73). The variables viz., number of training programmes undergone, number of information sources utilized and expert services availed, were found to have positive relationship with the extent of adoption. Regression analysis revealed that of the seven variables, only one variable viz., number of training programmes undergone had contributed significantly (p < 0.05) towards the extent of adoption of improved practices.
Adoption of hygienic practices at fish landing centres and markets
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2009)
The study was conducted at the fish landing centres in selected four districts of Kerala viz., Trichur, Alleppey, Ernakulam and Kannur, and the fish markets in Ernakulam district. In the case of landing centres, of the six practices evaluated among the fishermen, the adoption score was higher for only one practice viz., use of clean containers for fish handling (81.03%). Low level of adoption was observed on two practices viz., use of adequate clean water for washing fish (39.49%) and prompt system of waste disposal (40.00%). The overall adoption index was 54.96%. The 'F' test results revealed that the extent of adoption varied significantly among the fishermen in the four districts. The perception index for the impact of popularization efforts undertaken among fishermen was 55.26%. The R super(2) value indicated that all the variables put together served as a cause of 71.60% variation in the adoption level. In case of fish markets, the overall index for the availability of infrastructural facilities was 79.74%. The fish marketing personnel were well aware of all the seven hygienic practices studied, with the overall awareness index of 93.60%. Of the six hygienic practices measured, practices such as the use of clean containers or polythene sheets for keeping fish (89.55%), using adequate clean water for washing (98.51%), sorting of fish hygienically in a clean place (84.33%), using adequate ice for preventing fish spoilage (98.51%) and maintaining personal cleanliness and handling of the fish hygienically (94.78%), were adopted by majority of the respondents. Lower adoption was observed in the case of using prompt methods of waste disposal (68.66%). The regression analyses revealed that education positively influenced the extent of adoption among the fish marketing personnel.
Adoption of quality management practices in seafood processing sector in cochin region
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2012) Balasubramaniam, S.; Jeeva, J.C.; Ashaletha, S.
The study was conducted in 34 fish processing units in Ernakulam and Alleppey districts of Kerala, India. Data were collected on the general profile of the seafood processing units, availability of infrastructural facilities and managerial role performance of fish processors. The results revealed that 76.47% of the units were EU approved and 23.53% were Non-EU units. The average quantity handled per day was 11.12 t while the production capacity was 21.51 t day super(-1). For the availability of infrastructural facilities in the processing units, the adequacy index was more than 90. The overall role performance index of the fish processors was found to be 74.46. The adoption of quality management practices was determined in terms of good hygienic practices (Mean: 99.51%), good manufacturing practices (Mean: 97.65%), standard sanitation operation procedures (Mean: 99.08%) and good laboratory practices (Mean: 96.33%). The significant 'F' value in the multiple regression analysis revealed the overall significance of influence of 14 independent variables when taken together in explaining the extent of adoption of good hygienic practices by the fish processing units. Of the fourteen variables, only type of approval and adequacy of infrastructural availability in the processing units positively contributed towards the extent of adoption of quality management practices. The R super(2) value indicated that the 14 variables selected together explained 67.70% of variation in the adoption level. The major constraints expressed by the processors were also listed out.
Adoption of recommended practices by fish processing plants in kerala
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2003) Mohan, B.; Singh, D.P.; Thiagarajan, R.
This paper attempts to explore the extent of adoption of practices identified by the Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India for fish freezing and fish processing plants and the influence of socio-economic factors on the adoption. Practices such as sanitary conditions of processing unit, maintaining temperature of cold storage, personal hygiene of workers and glazing the material before/after freezing showed higher level of adoption. However, use of deodorants, use of recommended packing materials for individually quick frozen shrimps and use of recommended containers for transportation showed lower level of adoption.
Agri-Business Incubation (ABI) centre
(ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 2018) Ninan, G.
Analysis of dimensions involved in the adoption of improved fish curing practices
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1984) Kaul, P.N.; Balasubramaniam, S.
A statistical analysis was made of the dimensions involved in the adoption of improved fish curing practices.
Analysis of group dynamics among women self-help groups
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Gopal, N.; Jeeva, C.J.; Nasser, M.; Geethalakshmi, V.; Parvathy, R.; Mohamed, R.A.; Ajay, E.K.
Self-help groups (SHGs) are essentially formed as a means to meet social or economic needs of members coming together to form the groups. Though the concept has been around for several decades, it has been getting an impetus due to various governmental and non governmental interventions in promoting such groups to achieve larger developmental goals.
Analysis of indian shrimp exports and its prices in major international markets
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.
Huge quantities of shrimp are produced in developing countries for export to Japan, United States, and Western Europe. Shrimp is one of the major seafood export product from India and the country is the 4 super(th) largest exporter of shrimp in Asia with a 2.43% share in the 50 billion dollar world seafood market. This paper discusses the trend in shrimp export prices in the major markets viz., Japan, USA and the EU countries. The competitiveness of Indian shrimp exports to the US market was studied and it was found that the country's relative competitiveness was less compared to its competing countries. An analysis of prices of frozen shrimp exports from India to the major international markets is also presented.
Analysis of key communicators and non-key communicators among fishermen
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1997) Bihari, B.; Balasubramaniam, S.; Kandoran, M.K.
Key communicators in two fishing villages of Orissa coast were identified using the socio-metric technique. The results revealed that in Pentakota, there were significant differences between the key communicators and nonkey communicators on the variables such as Socio-economic status, information need, attitude towards motorisation cosmopoliteness and technological adoption whereas in another village, there were no significant differences in variables of crafts, other than risk preference and information need. Further, the socio-economic status variable was evaluated among these fishermen in terms of its components. In the regression analysis calculated between the key communicators' choice scores and their independent variables, the R2 was found to be 0.4082 and non-significant.
Analysis of seasonal variation of indian frozen shrimp in the european union market
(Asian Fisheries Society, 2009) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.; Jeyanthi, P.
Fish, particularly shrimp, is becoming a staple food in the diet of the Europeans. The boost in aquaculture production has led to enhanced frozen shrimp exports from India during the past decade. After Japan and US, European Union (EU) has been found to be an emerging market for Indian frozen shrimp products. During 2006, the value of frozen shrimp exports to EU was 337.93 million US dollars amounting to 57,554 tonnes in terms of volume. Analyzing the seasonal pattern in the prices realized by the commodity in an international market will enable strategic planning for maximum gains. This article presents the analysis of seasonal variation in prices according to various size grades of Headless (HL) Black Tiger in the EU shrimp market. The prices realized for HL Black Tiger shrimp exports to the EU during 2006 was in the range of 6.30 to 11.30 $ per kg for the grade 16/20, 5.10 to 10.00$ per kg for the grade 21/25, and 2.95 to 9.80 $ per kg for the grade 26/30. A sharp decline in the prices was realized in the export of HL Black Tiger to EU over the past few years. The reasons for the price fluctuations have been identified. The seasonal variation in the prices during 2006 was studied, and it was found that for the popular grades like Black Tiger shrimp, the seasonal indices were high during the third quarter of the year. Lowest prices were realized during the first quarter of 2006. Our export strategy should be based o the seasonal demand for the products with more stress on value addition with an Eco label.
Analysis of socio-economic variables and impact of tsunami among the mechanized boat operators in tamilnadu
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2012) Jeeva, J.C.; Balasubramaniam, S.; Ashaletha, S.; Jeyanthi, P.
The post-Tsunami fisheries scenario and socioeconomic conditions among the mechanized boat operators in Tamilnadu, India were studied. The data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 60 mechanized boat operators from Cuddalore and Nagapattinam districts (30 per district) in Tamilnadu, India. The average fishing days in a year was 217 and 213 for Cuddalore and Nagapattinam respectively. The average investment on fishing unit was Rs 15.50 and Rs 16.38 lakhs respectively in both the centres. Almost all the respondents in both the districts reported no change in various parameters viz., demand for fish, price of fish, change in the taste or quality of fish, urbanization/migration and changes in health, sanitation, nutritional status and outbreak of any disease after Tsunami. Increased fishing pressure, introduction of steel trawlers, ring seine operation, large mesh trawls, double-rig trawling, single-day to multi-day fishing, larger boats and usage of electronic instruments were found to be the major changes in the post-Tsunami period. Significant changes could be observed in the present value of craft and gear, investment and indebtedness in the pre and post-Tsunami periods. Majority of the respondents in both the study areas expressed satisfaction with the adequacy of mitigation measures such as supply/replacement/repair of fishing devices, technological assistance, credit facilities, health and hygiene.
Analysis of the comparative advantage of seafood export form India and selected Asean countries
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Gopal, N.
An analysis of the contribution of fisheries to the economic development of kerala
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Nair, V.R.; Unnithan, G.R.
Fisheries has been a traditional enterprise in Kerala with a contribution of 1.95% to the NSDP during 2003-04. The state has built an impressive infrastructure both in fish and fish processing sector The sector provides employment to more than one million people either directly or indirectly. This article outlines the impact of fisheries on the development of economy of the state and suggests measures to achieve the targets to ensure a viable fisheries sector.
An analysis of the linkages between fishermen and extension personnel in marine fisheries in kerala
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2006) Immanuel, S.; Kanagasabapathy, K.; Balasubramaniam, S.
In marine fisheries the linkages between the fishermen and the extension system play an important role in technology transfer and its adoption. Research studies on linkages in marine fisheries are very limited. So this study was taken up to find out the linkage activities through which both the systems are contacting each other. It was found that 60% of the fishermen had medium level of linkage of with the extension personnel followed by low (21.33%) and high (19.34%) linkage level. The paper also highlights the frequency of linkage and the level of perception about linkages between the two systems. The paper implies that the linkage activities need to be enhanced so as to derive an overall development in the fisheries sector.
Antidumping investigations on shrimp exports from India to US - a case study
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2009) Gopal, N.; Geethalakshmi, V.; Unnithan, G.R.
The anti-dumping investigation against India and five other major shrimp exporting countries by the US was initiated in December 2003. This paper examines the impact on the quantity and value of shrimp imports from these countries in general and India in particular, during the period of investigation and after. It was observed that there has been a negative impact on Indian shrimp exporters and the number of exporters has decreased considerably. The effect on the price in the US market has been negligible with the unit value of imports actually falling. Only a short-term rise in price index was observed during the initial phase of the investigation period as well as the period when the affirmative decision was announced.
Application of economic surplus model for impact assessment: case of Bt cotton in India
(ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 2018) Suresh, A.
Assessing domestic fish supply chain – A tool for sustainable fisheries development
(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2015) Jeyanthi, P.; Thomas, J.K.; Gopal, N.
Assessment of group dynamics among fisherwomen self help groups: a participatory monitoring approach
(Global Communication Research Association, 2010) Gopal, N.; Jeeva, J.C.; Parvathy, R.; Nasser, M.
Self Help Groups can be used as an important medium for the implementation of development programmes. The formation of the group is usually facilitated by the implementing agencies. It can be a spontaneous or a purposive exercise. However, the cohesiveness of a group and its internal dynamics is important for successful implementation of planned initiatives. As part of the National Agricultural Innovation Project being operated by Central Institute of Fisheries Technology in the small pelagics sector in Cochin, Kerala, fisherwomen were organized into self help groups (post harvest activity clusters). The exercise was a planned one and the final group formation purposive. After the formation of groups, the group dynamics was assessed using H-form, a participatory monitoring approach. The relationship between the socio-economic variables and group dynamics was also examined. This paper presents the results of the assessment.

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