FT Vol.57(3)

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    Comparative effect of High pressure and Conventional Heat Processing on the Development and Shelf life of Restructured Surimi balls during Chilled Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Sarika, K.; Bindu, J.; Panda, S. K.; Balange, A. K.; Gudipati, V.
    There is an increasing demand towards innovative fish products to cater the demand of modern market and restructured surimi products are such emerging products. Restructured surimi balls were developed by restructuring the washed and concentrated pink perch surimi, formed into shapes under traditional heat setting at 90°C for 60 min and pressure setting at 200 MPa for 15 min. Surimi was added with MTGase (0.5%) for enhancing the crosslinking between proteins and casein as a substrate for cross linking, so as to improve the physico-chemical properties of the balls. A comparative analysis on the storage characteristics of pressure set and heat set surimi balls were done under chilled conditions. When compared with heat set balls the texture characteristics and gel strength values were less, whereas elastic nature of the product was retained in high pressure processing. High pressure can retain the raw texture of the balls with softer and glossier appearance while heat causes texture to be harder and dry. The quality indices values were found within the limit even after 16 days of storage under chilled conditions. Even though microbial quality of both samples were comparable, higher sensory score was given for pressure-set sample. Also, MTGase addition had synergistic effect with high pressure in enhancing the overall quality of products. Present study exhibited the potential of high pressure technology in developing restructured surimi balls through pressure induced gelation similar to the traditional heat induced gelation.
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    Effect of Supplementation of Beetroot Waste Extract on the Pigmentation of Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Naik, Asma Ahad; Shah, Tasaduq H.; Asimi, Oyas Ahmad; Bhat, Farooz A.; Balkhi, M. H.; Abubakr, Adnan; Gul, Sobiya
    Attractive colouration is one of the most important quality attributes of ornamental fish for consumer preference. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural source of carotenoid pigments from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) waste on total carotenoid of rosy barb (Puntius conchonius). A total of sixty fishes of average body weight (5.5±0.10 g) were selected randomly and distributed into four treatments in triplicate (5 fishes per tank). Four isonitrogenous (32.37±0.48% crude protein) diets, T1, T2 and T3 were prepared with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of beetroot waste extract respectively along with a control diet without supplementation of beetroot waste extract. Body carotenoid was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) by the dietary supplements, increasing linearly with increase in beetroot waste extract (BRWE) concentration. Carotenoid concentration in the muscle was recorded at 10.88+0.08 μg g-1 wet wt tissue for T3 treatment, 9.81+0.2208 μg g-1 wet wt tissue for T2 and 7.38+0.15108 μg g-1 wet wt tissue for T1 as against 4.62+0.0808 μg g-1 wet wt tissue for the control. Changes in chromatophore number in the scales were observed for different concentration of BRWE. The pigmentation was found to be concentration dependent and darkening of scales appeared more with increased number of pigment granule. No effect of BRWE was observed on the quality of water (p>0.05) and all water quality parameters were found to be within acceptable ranges in all the treatments Present results indicate that economical and naturally available carotenoid source such as beetroot waste extract can be incorporated into the diet of rosy barb (P. conchonius) to enhance pigmentation in order to improve the ornamental value of the fish which otherwise, have little commercial value.
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    Enzymatic and Fermentatively Produced Rohu (Labeo rohita) Sauce and its Biochemical and Microbiological Quality
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Siddegowda, G. S.; Bhaskar, N.; Gopal, Shubha
    Rohu (Labeo rohita) sauce was produced by enzymatic and fermentative method using optimized conditions carried out through response surface method. Solar salt (20%, w/w) and commercial papain (3%, w/w) were used in the sauce produced by enzymatic method. The optimized conditions for fermentative production of sauce were 25% salt (w/ w), 7.5% sugar (w/w) and 10% (w/v) inoculum (Pediococcus pentosaceus FSBP4-40) with the cell concentration of approximately 8 log cfu ml-1. The sauces produced by enzymatic and fermentative method were stored at room temperature and 37°C, respectively for 180 days. Changes in yield, water activity (aw), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), total soluble nitrogen (TSN), non protein nitrogen (NPN), titratable acidity (TA), degree of hydrolysis (DH) and fatty acid composition of both the sauce samples were observed. The result suggested that TSN, NPN, TA and DH significantly increased (p<0.05) in treated samples compared to control (sample without added papain and P. pentosaceus FSBP4-40). However, aw, pH, moisture, fat , TVB-N, fatty acid concentration and L*, a*, b* values showed different changes. Sensory properties of enzyme treated sauce had slightly higher score than the lactic acid bacteria fermented sauce. Bacterial counts after 180 d were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the fermentatively produced rohu sauce than enzymatically prepared sauce. The study emphasizes the importance of optimized use of enzyme and native lactic acid bacteria for the acceleration of fermentation process to produce biofunctionally and bacteriologically superior rohu sauce.
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    Fluoride Removal from Water using Chitosan Coated Activated Carbon and Cuttle Bone Ash in Combination with Alumina
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Laly, S. J.; Priya, E. R.; Zynudheen, A. A.
    Fluoride contamination of ground water is an important health concern globally. Presence of high level of fluoride in drinking water can lead to issues of skeletal and dental fluorosis. A combination of chitosan coated activated carbon (CCAC) and chitosan coated cuttle bone ash (CCBA) along with alumina was used for the removal of fluoride from drinking water. The sorbents were characterized by SEM and FTIR. Combination of 2.5% CCAC and 1% alumina resulted a fluoride removal efficiency of 85.4%, while a 2% CCBA and 2% alumina combination resulted removal of 96.6%, also the fluoride removal efficiency increased along with increase of contact time (p<0.01). At higher initial fluoride concentrations, CCBA was more effective in fluoride removal than CCAC in combination with alumina. This information can help in modeling and designing of filtration devices with these adsorbents for effectively managing fluoride - contaminated ground water.
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    Length-Girth Relationships of Selected Trawl Resources of Cochin Coast, Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Naseeba, P. A.; Madhu, V. R.; Kumar, B. Manoj; Edwin, Leela
    Trawling is a major fishing method which contributes significantly to the marine catches of India. Among the many negative impacts that are attributed to trawling, generation of bycatch is the most significant and different technical measures have been adopted world over to reduce bycatch during trawling operations. The optimum mesh size for a technical device is determined by conducting selectivity experiments using different methods, in which length is the main criteria for analysis. However, fish retention in the codend is primarily decided by the girth rather than length, which is often difficult to measure in field and hence length is taken as a proxy for girth. Knowledge of the length-girth relationships of major species would be an additional input for designing gears and deriving an optimum mesh size/shape for trawl codends. The length-girth relationships of 15 commercially important species targeted by trawls along Cochin coast were derived. The results indicated that thirteen of these species had no significant variation in the value of slope, whereas for Pampus argenteus and Trichiurus lepturus, the values for the slope, differed significantly (p<0.05, t-test) indicating that the mesh size requirement would be different for these species. Though estimates did not consider the sex or condition of the fishes studied, the results of the study will be an added input for deriving selectivity estimates
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    Livelihood Security in small Reservoirs – Case study of Aliyar (Tamil Nadu)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Chandrasekar, V.; Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, Nikita
    Reservoirs play an important role in the nutritional and livelihood security of fisher folk who belong to to weaker sections of the society. In India, there are 19,134 small reservoirs covering a water spread area of 14,85,557 ha. The present study is about ten gillnet fishing units operating in Aliyar dam, a small reservoir situated in Tamil Nadu. The common fishes stocked in this reservoir are Indian major carps viz., catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Fishing was the mainstay of the stakeholders surveyed at Aliyar and their livelihood was entirely dependent on it. At Aliyar reservoir, fishing rights were given annually to these fishing units. Currently the average investment made towards each fishing unit ranged from Rs.0.55 to Rs.2 lakhs. The fishing tools used in the reservoirs were coracles (bamboo and FRP) and nylon monofilament gillnets of various mesh sizes ranging from 100 to 300 mm. The average fish catch was 10 to 20 kg per fishing unit per day. The marketing of the fish catch was done through Tamil Nadu Fisheries Development Corporation (TNFDC) and the fishermen got 60% of the share price obtained as income from fish sales. The average monthly income of fishermen varied from Rs.600 to Rs.1200. In this paper, institutional arrangements for the Aliyar reservoir fishing activities, socio-economic status of fishers, economics of operation of fishing units and income equality criteria of fisheries are discussed. Finally, overall livelihood security index of fishers was worked as 37.3% includes based on food, educational, health and economic security of the fisher folk which was 53.7, 29.0, 36.1 and 30.5% respectively. Household livelihood security indices were used to assess the socio-economic conditions of fishers.
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    Oxygen Scavenger Packaging for Seafood Preservation
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Remya, S.; Mohan, C. O.; Ravishankar, C. N.
    Presence of oxygen inside the package leads to fast degradation of quality of fish due to oxidative deterioration and microbial spoilage. In active packaging systems, the food, the package and the environment surrounding the food interact to preserve the quality and to extend the shelf life of the packaged food. Oxygen (O2) scavengers, the most commercially significant sub-group of active packaging, are very effective in reducing the residual levels of oxygen within the package to less than 100 ppm, thereby retaining the original quality and extending the storage life. Various studies have shown that the use of O2 scavengers, also known as O2 absorbers, have effectively controlled fat oxidation and inhibited the growth of microorganisms, which ultimately enhanced the storage life of fish. It is also observed that O2 scavengers inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. in fish stored in chilled environment and altered the dominant bacterial flora from Gram-negative to Gram-positive Brochothrix thermosphacta and Lactobacillus spp. In addition to extension of shelf life of fishes, the use of O2 scavenger also proves economically beneficial for the seafood industry, since it is a simple, cost-effective means of generating lowoxygen atmosphere eliminating the cost of equipments.
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    Present Status of Heavy Metals in Lake Nainital, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2020) Joshi, Pawan Kumar; Mishra, Ashutosh; Trakroo, M. Das
    To evaluate heavy metal pollution status of the Lake Nainital, an eutrophic lake, situated in the Central West Himalayan region at 29°24’ N latitude, 79°28’ E longitude and an altitude of 1935 m above mean sea level, the assessment of heavy metals in the lake water was made from September 2016 to February 2017 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Three sites viz., S1 (Aeration centre at thandi sadak), S2 (Platform near the Naina Devi Temple) and S3 (Boat stand near bus stand) were selected and fortnightly sampling for assessing the concentration of six selected heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Zinc, Copper and Manganese) was made. The range and average concentration of heavy metals in water of Lake Nainital was observed as Zn: 0.013- 0.051 (0.029 mg L-1), Pb: 0.137- 0.629 (0.346 mg L-1), Cu: 0.0- 0.263(0.113 mg L-1), Mn: 0.0- 1.314 (0.361 mg L-1), Cd: 0.0- 0.012 (0.007 mg L-1) and As: 0.0- 0.004 (0.001 mg L-1). Three water quality pollution indices namely Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) and Degree of Contamination (Cd) were used to evaluate the present status of selected heavy metals. The average value of heavy metal pollution index of different metals (Zn: 0.005, Pb: 6.438, Cu: 0.066, Mn: 1.642, Cd: 0.610 and As: 0.205) show that the water of Lake Nainital is slightly affected with Mn and seriously affected with Pb pollution. Though the average value of HEI (1.448) and Cd (0.447) suggests low heavy metal pollution in the Lake Nainital, higher lead pollution is case of concern.