FT Vol.37(2)

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    Adoption of improved practices and annual fish catches among mechanised boat owners
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2000) Balasubramaniam, S.; Pravin, P.; Sreevalsan, J.M.; Mohan, B.
    This paper deals with the adoption of improved practices and annual fish catches among mechanized fishing boat owners in six fishing centers. The results revealed that in Gujarat, Veraval center had higher adoption of improved technologies (61.16%), followed by Mangrol (56.64%) and Porbundar (49.92%). The adoption scores in the Kerala fishing centers were in the high category (>85%). The annual average fish catches in the fishing centers of Gujarat were found to be above 78 t and in Kerala, it was higher in Cochin (95.29 t) followed by Kozhikode (39.47 t) and Quilon (28.90 t). Regression analyses on the adoption scores among Gujarat respondents revealed that three variables viz., investment on boat, number of trawl nets operated and awareness about improved practices would have to be strengthened to increase the extent of adoption of improved practices. Further, sixteen socio-personal and technological variables were found to have significant joint influence (>81%) on the annual fish catches in the three fishing centers.
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    Biochemical, Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Six Species of Smoked Fishes from Manipur
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Lilabati, H; Vishwanath, W
    Biochemical, nutritional and microbiological quality of six smoked fishes viz. Esomus danricus, Puntius sophore, Mystus bleekeri, Amblypharyngodcm mo/a, Notopterus notopterus and Glossogobius giuris of Manipur were analysed. Non protein nitrogen (NPN) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) were 0.50 to 1.86% and 40.00 to 80.00 mg% respectively. In vitro digestibility of one sample (P. sophore) was higher than that of casein. Alpha amino nitrogen liberated in pepsin phase were 28.44 to 49.75% of total N and in trypsin phase, 53.25 to 70.37% of total N. Available lysine content was 2.17 to 4.68 g/16g of N. Total plate count of bacteria (TPC), total plate count of fungi (TFC), most probable number (MPN) of coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and faecal Streptococci counts were lOMO g-1, lOMO g-1, O-lO g"1, and lOMO g"1 respectively. But Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not detected in any of the smoked fishes studied. Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporoides were the dominant fungal flora.
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    A Comparative Study on the Radiation Preservation of Marine (Seer fish) as well as Fresh Water Fish (Cat fish)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Sreerekha, P.S; Nishamol, K.M; Alur, M.D; Bongirwar, D.R
    Seer, a marine fish and cat fish, a fresh water fish, were compared for their amenability to radiation preservation during storage at 2-30C employing sensory, bacteriological and biochemical parameters. Although both the fish varieties exhibited a two-fold extension in shelf life by radiation treatment at 1-3 kGy over controls, the biochemical parameters tested (TMAN and TVBN) failed to monitor the quality of fresh water fish (cat fish). On the other hand, with respect to marine fish (seer), biochemical and microbiological quality correlated well with sensory evaluation data
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    Effect of different methods of icing in the quality of squid and cuttlefish during storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2000) Prafulla, V.; Liju, F.; Lakshmanan, P.T.
    Quality changes in squid (Loligo duvauceli) and cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis), stored under various conditions, viz; (i) direct icing (ii) indirect icing, and (iii) in a mixture of ice and salt at 3% level were evaluated by chemical and sensory methods. The rate of nucleotide degradation was slow for samples kept in the mixture of ice and salt. K-values of samples kept out of direct contact with ice increased at a faster rate than the other two. However, K-values and nucleotide related products showed significant correlation with sensory scores, under these conditions. Total volatile base nitrogen and trimethyl amine nitrogen exhibited a steady and faster rise for indirectly iced samples. There was a significant loss of soluble nitrogenous components and salt in directly iced samples while there was very little loss (<10%) in samples chilled by the other two methods during two weeks period. The study indicated that indirect icing preserves most of the nutrients in squid and cuttlefish, but with shorter shelf life, while chilling in a mixture of salt and ice gave a product of better quality.
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    Effect of Varying Stocking Density on Growth and Survival of Catla catla Fry in Nursery Cisterns
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Mondal, A.M; Murthy, H. Shivananda; Satheesha, S.K
    Nursery rearing of carps is one of the important management practices for successful fish culture. Better health, growth and survival of the fish seed can be achieved by appropriate rearing methods. This study was undertaken to determine the optimum stocking density of Catla catla fry in nursery ponds. Catla spawn were stocked at the rate of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 million, ha"1 in triplicate cisterns and designated as Sj, S2, S3, and S4, respectively. They were fed with a diet containing 38.5% protein (soya flour and fish meal based). The best growth and survival of catla fry were recorded in Sj followed by S2, S3, and S4. However, S4 (4.0 million, ha"1) was found to be cost effective with higher net return.
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    High Density Rearing of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Spawn Indoors using Different Diets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Dinesh, K; Nair, C. Mohanakumaran
    Three day old spawn of Labeo rohita was reared in indoor tanks with eight different diets, consisting of live feeds, formulated feeds, conventional feeds and different combinations of the above. The experiment was carried out in circular FRP tanks of 83 1 capacity with a stocking density of 10,000 m 3 . The duration of the experiment was 21 days. The diets of Artemia nauplii and Moina have given higher mean specific growth rate (16.45 and 15.3 respectively) and normalized biomass index (352.12 and 267.76 respectively) without any significant statistical difference, while Moina + formulated feed and Artemia + formulated feed have given higher mean survival rates (88.6 and 88.3%, respectively)
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    Impact of Some Hormone Combinations on Feed Utilization, RNA/DNA Ratio, Enzyme Activity, Growth and Survival of Pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Sambhu, C; Jayaprakas, V
    Juveniles of pearlspot were reared by feeding diets enriched with steroid and protein hormone combinations: Testosterone propionate (TP), Diethyl stilbestrol (DES) and Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at various doses for a period of 120 days and their growth performance was evaluated. The dosages of the hormone combinations were TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm (Tj), TP 2.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T2), DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T3) and TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T4). The fishes which received diets containing combinations of TP+HCG achieved the highest growth (40.10 g). Feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and nutrient digestibility were higher in this group. Digestive enzyme activity was maximum (590.34 units/g tissue) in the intestine of fishes fed on diet containing TP+HCG. The RNA/DNA ratio and protein contents in the muscle increased concomitant with the high growth rate.
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    Individual and Combined Acute Lethal Toxicity of Monocrotophos and 2,4-D on the Juveniles of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) (Pisces: Cichlidae)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Nair, J.R. Rajasekharan; Mercy, T.V. Anna; George, Renu Maria
    The 48 h individual and combined lethal toxicity of monocrotophos (insecticide) and 2,4-D (herbicide) on the juveniles of Etroplus suratensis were determined. The 48 h LC of monocrotophos was 5.85 mg.l4 (5.02 to 6.69) and that of 2,4-D was 267.4 mg.l"1 (228.93 to 305.86). The median additive index and its range for the combined toxicity were worked out. The calculated value was -0.185 (-0.541 to 0.083). A simple or strictly additive toxicity is indicated for the mixture of monocrotophos and 2,4-D. This shows an enhanced potential of the individual toxicant for pollution in the natural bodies when they are applied sequentially and even simultaneously
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    New technique for the separation of jelly fish in trawl codend
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2000) Varghese, M.D.; Vijayan, V.; Manoharadoss, R.S.
    The cod end of trawl is often filled with large quantity of jelly fish during post monsoon period, resulting in gear damage or abandoning of the catch. A new technique of incorporating large mesh (70-90 mm) false cod end extending between the throat and up to 2/3rd length of cod end effectively separated jelly fish from the target species facilitating the discard easier. Onboard tests proved the possibility of saving the catch almost completely without damaging the gear.
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    Occurrence of caliphages in fish and aquaculture farms
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2000) Madhusudana Rao, B.; Surendran, P.K.
    Coliphages were detected in water samples collected from brackish water and fresh water fish farms. Coliphages were also detected in the farmed fresh water fish, common carp and marine fish, oil sardine, from local market. Coliphage levels obtained were as follows:- water from brackish water fish farm 3 pfu.ml-1, water from fresh water fish farm 23 pfu.ml-1, fresh water fish 240 pfu.g-1 and marine fish 3500 pfu.g-1 .
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    Optimization of Mesh Size of Gill Nets to Capture Amblygastar sirm,(Walbaum) in Thoothukkudi Coastal Waters, Southeast Coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Neethiselvan, N; Jude, D; Sundaramoorthy, B; Gopalakrishnan, P
    Amblygastar sirm, a lesser sardine, popularly called 'Keeri Meen Chalai' form a notable fishery in Thoothukkudi coastal waters with peak season from September to February. A. sirm are captured in small meshed drift gill nets with the mesh size ranging from 26 mm to 32 mm. The fishery is mainly constituted by the size group 65-210 mm. The present study deals with the optimization of mesh size to capture the commercially significant length group (141-190 mm) and enmeshing pattern of A. sirm in gill nets with various mesh sizes. The optimum mesh size for the commercial exploitation of A. sirm in Thoothukkudi coastal waters is found to be 30.5 mm
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    Seasonal Variation of the Environmental Parameters along Fort Cochin Beach
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Jayalakshmy, K.V; Raveendran, O; Sreeja, S
    Monthly observations on heterotrophic bacteria, organic carbon, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia from surface water and from water table level during high tide, mid tide and low tide were carried out in the Fort Cochin beach for a period of one year. Also, monthly observations on heterotrophic bacteria, organic carbon and temperature were carried out for the same period from sand during the three tidal levels at surface and water table level. The study showed that organic carbon in sand controlled the bacterial population to a great extent during high tide at surface and during low tide at water table level. Step-up multiple regression analysis showed that in water the interaction effect of inorganic phosphate and ammonia and that of ammonia and temperature were the most important parameters controlling the bacterial production whereas in the sand at the surface, temperature-organic carbon interaction effect was the controlling parameter. The results of the Q-mode analysis are also presented.
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    Seasonal Variations in Hydrographical Parameters, Nutrient Content and Energy Content of the Suspended Particulate Matter in Netravathi - Gurpur Estuary
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Vedamurthy, A.P; Ramesha, TJ; Lakshmipathi, M.T; Hariharan, V
    An attempt has been made to study the energy content distribution in the suspended particulate matter of Netravathi-Gurpur estuary. Hydrological parameters and nutrient content exhibited seasonal variations. Suspended particulate matter gradually increased from January onwards till May at all the stations. The higher particulate matter concentration of 218 mg. I"1 was reported in the month of December. The energy content of detrital matter was less during June to September in spite of greater concentration.
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    Suspended Matter Distribution in Beypore Estuary
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Nair, M.N. Muraleedharan; Lakshmanan, PT.
    Suspended matter concentration (SMC) in the Beypore Estuary during pre-monsoon and monsoon periods from ten stations during 1987-1988 are presented. Variations in suspended matter load at different water levels over the tidal cycles were monitored at one station. Relatively higher values were obtained during monsoon months compared to premonsoon period. The highest value of 143 mg.l"1 was observed during September 1987 while the lowest value of 2 mg.l"1 was obtained during January 1988. Inverse relationship between suspended matter concentrations and salinity was observed during monsoon months. However, the relationship did not hold good during post-monsoon and summer months. Observations during tidal cycles have shown that bottom waters always registered higher values in suspended matter load, most probably due to the re-suspension of bottom mud owing to scouring effect of tidal currents. Sediment content was found to co-vary with the increase in salinity during summer months. Material brought in through river run off contributes mainly to the suspended matter load in monsoon period while particles of marine origin have the major share during summer season