FT Vol.59(4)
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- ItemATP-Bioluminescence Assay for Real Time Surface Hygiene Monitoring in Fish Value Chain(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2022-10-31)ATP-bioluminescence (ATP-B) assay was used to evaluate organic debris load, which in turn indicates the cleanliness of fish contact surfaces (FCS) in fish value chain, where the last point is ready to eat (RTE) fish. Contaminated FCS can harbour lot of microorganisms including pathogens and specific spoilage organisms. From the stipulated four critical points in the value chain viz., harvesting unit (coracle), auction cum assortment area (AAA), pre-processing area (PPA), cooking and marketing area (CMA). Specific FCS were selected for real time surface hygiene monitoring using ATP bioluminescence assay both following normal cleaning process (NCP) and prescribed Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP). The present study has significance in fish industry for monitoring hygiene and establishing high risk zones in value chain, as it gives real time information about hygiene once critical limits were located after a justification period. Visual assessment of cleanliness is unreliable in monitoring surface hygiene in fish value chain, and ATP-B testing can aid in the design, execution and substantiation of effectual surface cleaning. For successful monitoring and validation of surface cleaning, a scheme that integrates visual judgment and ATP-B testing, with periodical conventional microbial swab testing is anticipated. The principal component analysis illustratively divided the ATP bioluminescence values of FCS following normal cleaning process (NCP) and prescribed Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP).
- ItemQuality Characteristics of Salted Dried Fish from Selected Retail Markets in Kerala during Different Seasons(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2022-10-31)A study was conducted to evaluate the biochemicaland microbial quality of salted dried fishes availablein the retail markets in Kerala during differentseasons. Moisture content of salted dried fishes wasin the range of 5.27-43.7, 18.14 - 49.37 and 6.63-48.75 % for summer, monsoon and post monsoon,respectively. The study found that the moisturecontent of the fishes was above the acceptable limitsin all the seasons. A statistically significant differ-ence (p<0.05) was observed in moisture contentamong the seasons in all the fishes. The salt contentof the salted dried fishes was found below theacceptable levels in all the seasons. Microbiologicalquality varied between the seasons and quality wasfound better in summer followed by post monsoonand monsoon. Coagulase positive staphylococci wasfound in all the seasons and was above theacceptable limits of 2 log cfu/g. Yeast and moldcount was higher during monsoon season and mostof the dried fish’s average count was above therecommended limit (2.69 log cfu/g) of FSSR, 2011whereas during summer and post monsoon, thecount was within the limit. The study highlights theimportance of imposing stringent measures onhygienic and sanitary practices in post-harvesthandling, storage and marketing in order tosafeguard the health of consumers.
- ItemDetection of Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus Spp. in Farmed Pangasius Ponds Using Poultry Waste as Feed(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),Cochin, 2022-10-31)The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR)bacteria pathogenic to humans and animals poses amajor threat to the public health sector. Enterococciare a complex group of bacteria that causesnosocomial infections in humans. It has been widelyacknowledged that the environmental loading ofantibiotics from hospitals, livestock farms, aquacul-ture sector and sewage plants create a hot spot forthe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).The sediment, water and fish samples from Pangasiusculture ponds using raw and cooked poultry wasteas feed, and normal fish feed were screened for thepresence of MDR Enterococcus faecalis. AMR wasanalysed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Among the 83 enterococci isolates, 65 % of theisolates were E. faecalis, all of which exhibited multi-drug resistant phenotypes. The isolates showedmaximum resistance to macrolide, tetracycline andlincosamide (100 %) class of antimicrobials. Thepresent study reflects the impact of erroneouspractices followed by certain farmers in spreadingAMR in aquaculture and environment and theoccurrence of MDR enterococci in aquaculturefarms is a matter of serious concern. Awarenessprogrammes among farmers, better regulations,regular surveillance and encouraging adoption ofbetter management practices can go a long way tolimit the spread of such MDR superbugs.
- ItemNutritional Composition of Breast and Claw Meat fromEconomically Important Crab Species from Brackish waterand Marine ecosystems(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),Cochin, 2022-10-31)The proximate analysis of the meat from ediblecrabs of marine (Portunus pelagicus and Portunussanguinolentus) and brackish water (Scyllaserrata and Scylla olivacea) ecosystems indicated ap-preciable levels of protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibreand minerals in the fresh meat besides the essentialamino acids (Arg, Leu, Trp and Met) and polyun-saturated fatty acids (C22:6, C20:5 and C20:4). Highmyofibrillar protein (50-57 g/100g) and low stromaprotein (2 g/100g of total protein) make it anutritionally valuable food. Sodium, potassium,calcium and phosphorous were present at signifi-cant levels. Low toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium,lead) indicated the absence of food safety concerns.
- ItemAn Evaluation of the Suitability of Pangasius hypophthalmusfor Smoke-Drying: Assessment of its Nutritional Qualityand Safety(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2022-10-31)A study was conducted to evaluate the suitabilityof Pangasius as a raw material for smoke drying. Inthe present study, smoke drying was done similarto the methods followed by traditional fishermenbut the experiments were conducted in controlledconditions in laboratory. Pangasius was hot smokedat 80°C for 3 hours, followed by mechanical dryingat 60°C. The prepared product was cooled andquality of the product was evaluated using proxi-mate composition, physicochemical parameters,benzopyrene content, microbial enumeration, analy-sis of fatty acids, analysis of amino acids andsensory evaluation. It was observed that themoisture content of smoked-dried Pangasius wasbelow 15%. A decrease in pH to 5.96 and an increasein Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN) to 24.45 mgN/100g was observed in smoked-dried Pangasius.After smoke-drying, the Peroxide Value (PV),Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) has increased to 2.98 meqO2/kg fat, 1.35 mg MDA/kg fat and 1.29% oleic acidrespectively. Total Viable Count (TVC) andStaplylococcus spp. were within the acceptable limit.Saturated fatty acids increased during smoke dryingwith palmitic acid dominating others. Among aminoacids, glutamic acid, lysine and aspartic acid weredominant. The benzopyrene content of smoked-Fishery Technology 59 (2022) : 259 - 269dried Pangasius was observed to be 7 ppb. From theresults, it was observed that the quality parametersof smoked-dried Pangasius were within the limit ofacceptability with good sensory scores suggestingits acceptance. Hence, it was concluded that smoke-drying can be used as a method for preservingPangasius by controlling the benzopyrene concen-tration in smoke during processing