FT Vol.55(4)
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- ItemNutraceutical and therapeutic applications of squalene(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018)Squalene, an isoprenoid molecule present in large quantities in deep sea shark liver oil and in smaller amounts (0.1-0.7%) in palm, wheat-germ, olive and rice bran oils, is well known for its antilipidemic, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties. Squalene is a key precursor molecule in the biosynthesis of vitamins, cholesterol and steroid hormones in animals. In human, presence of this highly unsaturated hydrocarbon keeps the skin healthy and protects it from ultraviolet radiations mediated carcinogenesis. Recently, squalene has drawn major attention as high valuable compound due its potential applications in the field of pharmacological, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The present review includes a brief description about the natural sources, properties and applications of squalene.
- ItemDesign and fabrication of a modified model of indigenous meat-shell separator machine for small scale clam processing units(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018)Black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) (Gray, 1825) is a bivalve mollusc and majority of its fishery is contributed by Vembanad lake of Kerala. Edible meat has to be separated from calcareous shells of black clam after cooking and the separation of meat from shells is a very difficult task for clam processors. Traditionally, black clam processors rely on indigenous methods for meat-shell separation using devices that lack a standard design, and do not follow any steps to assure the quality of the produce. No food quality standard parameters are adopted while considering the materials used for fabrication resulting in unhygienic handling and processing of clam meat. As a result of the unhygienic handling and processing, the product is often of an inferior quality. In this context, a modified model of indigenous meat-shell separator machine to handle bulk quantities of clams was designed and fabricated. The improved model has continuous mode of operation and the trials using this model demonstrated that it can handle 300 kg clam shells per hour with a meat-shell separation efficiency of 95%. It was found to be efficient, costeffective, ergonomic, and durable and also which conforms to the food safety regulatory requirements. This improved model has the potential to reduce the drudgery of clam processing and can encourage members of the rural communities to take up clam processing hygienically.
- ItemCharacterization and profilling of protein hydrolysates from white and red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018)Tuna is considered as one of the richest source of fish protein and concentrating these proteins in the form of hydrolysate finds application in a wide range of food ingredients and pharmaceutical products. Protein rich red meat from tuna has limited use compared to white meat and is usually processed into products with low market-value realisation. An effective alternative is the conversion of this red meat into high value protein hydrolysates. With a view to this aspect, in the present study a comparative assessment of hydrolysates derived from white and red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis) was carried out. Protein hydrolysate was prepared using 1% (w/w) papain with the hydrolysis time of 60 min under optimal hydrolytic conditions to obtain tuna white meat protein hydrolysate (TWPH) and tuna red meat protein hydrolysate (TRPH). The protein content in tuna red meat and white meat were 28.34 ± 1.63 and 26.34 ± 0.79%, respectively whereas protein recovery in their respective hydrolysates were about 36.87 and 42.14%. Evaluation of the functional properties of protein hydrolysates viz., solubility, oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming properties and emulsifying properties revealed that except OAC and Emulsifying Activity Index, all properties were comparatively higher for TWPH. However antioxidant studies viz., DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating activity revealed higher potential for TRPH compared to TWPH. Further detailed studies are required with respect to the variations in these properties as intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors can have a major influence on the characteristics of the derived hydrolysates.
- ItemAssessment of potential hazards in shidal, an ethnic fermented fish product of north-east India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018)Fermented fish products are very popular in North- East region of India because of its unique taste and flavour. Two popular products, puthi shidal and phasa shidal, from Tripura were analyzed for biogenic amines, toxic heavy metals and foodborne micro-organisms of public health significance viz., Salmonella, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biogenic amines were detected by HPLC with UV-VIS detector using gradient elution method. Highest concentration of histamine, cadaverine and putrescine were detected in puthi shidal collected from Nutanbazar with a value of 118.18±1.78 ppm, 380.26±2.15 ppm and 141.87±1.20 ppm respectively. Spermidine and spermine were detected to be in the range of 21.38±0.88 - 41.89±0.83 ppm and 47.99±0.65 - 124.50±0.87 ppm respectively which was comparatively at lower concentration. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were determined using ICP-OES. The concentrations of heavy metals detected were within maximum permissible limit. Arsenic concentration of 2.65±0.02 ppm was recorded as maximum level in puthi shidal from Gulbazar (West Tripura district). Shidal samples are found to be free from pathogen like Salmonella and E. coli. The study indicates that the fermented fish products are free from heavy metal contaminations. Pathogen free fermented fish products are safe to consume. The study further revealed the need for standard production method in order to achieve uniform sensory attributes in the products including the control on histamine formation.
- ItemClap net operation in Brahmaputra valley for capturing Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2018)Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) is an anadromous fish existing in estuaries and seas and migrates to freshwaters of river Brahmaputra for breeding. Clap nets, locally known in Assam as shangla jal, kholar jal and kami jal are specially designed fishing gear to catch hilsa. This gear has a purse shaped outline and comprises of a bag net supported on an elliptical bamboo frame opening. The net is operated in the month of May-July, when the flood level is high and the water velocity is strong. The maximum catch coincides with the peak migratory season of the fish, encountered in the lower reaches of the river Brahmaputra. Clap nets were observed to have an important contribution in terms of gear preference and selectivity by fishermen associated with hilsa fishing compared to seine nets and gill nets, mostly due to its ease of operation, low cost of fabrication and maintenance, low labour intensity and higher effectiveness.