Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (Engg)
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- ItemQuality evaluation of solar and microwave dried shrimps – A comparative study on renewable and dielectric heating methods(Elsevier, 2022-11-01)The study investigated the quality of shrimp dried under solar and microwave drying conditions. Microwave drying shortened the drying times to 58.3 % as compared to solar drying with increased drying rates. Effective moisture diffusivities of solar and microwave dried shrimp were 2.3 × 10 -10 m2 /s and 6.7 × 10-7 m2/s respectively. Drying and collector efficiency was in the range of 26.3 – 33.4 % and 32.5 – 41.2 % respectively for solar drying whereas the efficiency under microwave drying was 35.7 %. Textural attributes of solar-dried shrimp were superior to microwave-dried samples. The rehydration ratio and shrinkage of solar and microwave dried samples were 2.39 and 24.67 % and 2.51 and 14.14 % respectively. Biochemical and microbiological analyses of dried shrimp under both drying methods were found to be within safe limits. Economic analysis of solar and microwave dried shrimp showed that solar drying is more economically viable than microwave drying for the production of dried shrimp.
- ItemDevelopment and evaluation of hot air-assisted microwavedryer for shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni)(Wiley, 2022-08-23)The study aimed to develop a hot air-assisted continuous microwave (HAMW) dry-ing system and evaluate the drying of shrimp under microwave radiation. The dryingsystem comprised of a drying chamber with a conveyor belt of dimension 1.5 × 0.5 m,magnetron of 1.45 kW to generate microwaves at frequency of 2450 ± 50 MHz, hot airgeneration system with air heater of 1 kW and axial fan of 50 W and other controls.Moisture content of shrimp was reduced from 80.55% to 16.5% within 3.5 h of drying.Volumetric heating effect of microwaves resulted in reduction of drying times. Effectivemoisture diffusivity of microwave-dried shrimp was found to be 6.7 × 10−7 m 2 /s. Pagemodel was the suitable fit for the data under study (R2 = 0.998454, RMSE = 0.0.01552and χ2 = 0.000134). The drying efficiency and specific energy consumption for hotair-assisted microwave drying of shrimp were calculated to be 35.71% and 1.75 kWh/kg, respectively. Water activity, rehydration ratio and shrinkage of the dried shrimpsamples were 0.552%, 2.51% and 14.14%, respectively, with maximum color reten-tion. Proximate and microbiological analysis of fresh and dried shrimp were carriedout and were found to be under safe limits. The developed HAMW drying system wasfound to be suitable for shrimp drying under controlled conditions.
- ItemKinetics, modelling and evaluation of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) dried in solar-LPG hybrid dryer(Elsevier, 2022-07-16)This work investigated the kinetics, modelling and quality of Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) dried in the solar-LPG hybrid dryer. The moisture content of the Bombay duck was lowered from 86.4 ± 0.52% to 16.4 ± 0.67% (w.b) within 11 h. The reduction in weight of Bombay duck samples during drying was measured at 1 h interval. LPG backup maintained the desirable drying conditions in the dryer. The drying process was observed to occur under the falling rate period. Effective moisture diffusivity during drying of Bombay duck was determined to be 3.7 × 10 -10 m2/s. Drying parameters were fitted into thin layer drying models. The Page model was a suitable fit for the data under study (R2 = 0.9986, RMSE = 0.01268 and χ2 = 0.000134). The maximum drying and collector efficiency recorded for Bombay duck drying in solar-LPG dryer was 40.67% and 33.7%, respectively. The rehydration ratio and shrinkage of dried Bombay duck were found to be 1.94 and 26.42% respectively. Microbial analysis of dried fish was within the safe limits. Benefit-cost ratio, payback period, NPW, annuity and IRR were also determined to check the economic feasibility of the study.
- ItemProcess optimization for drying of Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) under hot air-assisted microwave drying technology using response surface methodology(Wiley, 2023-03-18)The study was carried out to optimize the drying conditions of shrimp in the hot airassisted microwave drying system using response surface methodology. The drying experiments were performed using a Box–Behnken design with air temperature (50– 70 C), air velocity (.5–1.5 m/s), and microwave power level (600–1000 W) as independent variables and drying time, water activity, and rehydration ratio as independent variables. The obtained response variables were fitted into the various regression equations to predict a suitable model. The methodology of desired function was applied to indicate 61.74 C air temperature, 922.61 W microwave power, and 1.0 m/s air velocity which offered a reduced drying time of 2.8 h, the water activity of .424 and improved rehydration ratio of 2.51, respectively with a desirability value of .949. The moisture content, drying efficiency, shrinkage, and total color change were determined for the samples obtained under optimized conditions and were observed as 16.5% (w.b), 35.71%, 14.14%, and 16.95 ± 2.14, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of dried shrimp showed the formation of pores of diameters ranging from 3.17 to 10.6 μm. The process parameters optimized under the study for hot air-assisted microwave drying can be used for the production of good-quality dried shrimps.
- ItemExperimental investigations on drying kinetics, modeling and quality analysis of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) dried in solar-biomass hybrid dryer(Elsevier, 2021-08-06)An indirect active solar-biomass hybrid dryer (SBHD) has been developed to study the drying kinetics, mathematical modeling, and quality of dried small cardamom. The experiments were carried out in hybrid (solar with biomass) and biomass mode to assess the performance of the dryer. Freshly harvested small cardamom with a moisture content of 82.4 % on a wet basis (w.b) was dried to 9.1 % (w.b) in hybrid mode. In biomass mode, moisture content was reduced from 83.2 to 9.5 % (w.b). The drying period of 19 h was sufficient in both modes of drying to attain the required final moisture content. The drying rate curve depicted that the small cardamom drying occurred under the falling-rate drying period in both SBHD and Biomass mode. In this study, non-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the drying behavior of small cardamom. Eleven empirical models were used to determine the coefficients of determination (R2) and model constant for drying characteristics of small cardamom. Midilli model recorded the highest R2 value of 0.992 and 0.988, least chi-square of 0.0001 and 0.0005, and RMSE of 0.0002 and 0.0002 for SBHD and Biomass mode, respectively. The average drying efficiency of 28.63% was observed for the drying of small cardamom in the SBHD while 23.98% was obtained from Biomass mode. The colour analysis showed that the retention of green colour was better in SBHD than biomass mode of drying. The biochemical analysis revealed that the small cardamom dried under SBHD retained the maximum percentage of oleoresin (3.30 %) and volatile oil (7.33 %) compared to biomass mode. The microbial quality of dried small cardamom was within the acceptable limit for both SBHD and Biomass mode.