Nutritional evaluation, bioconversion performance and phylogenetic assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Linn. 1758) larvae valorized from food waste
Nutritional evaluation, bioconversion performance and phylogenetic assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Linn. 1758) larvae valorized from food waste
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Date
2021-07-10
Authors
C.S., Tejpal
Ebeneezar., Sanal
Linga Prabu D
N.S., Jeena
R., Summaya
S., Chandrasekar
P., Sayooj
P., Vijayagopal
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Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
The black soldier fly (H. illucens) is a potential candidate species for the sustainable
bioconversion of organic matter that endorses the concept of a circular economy. The
nutritional evaluation of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared in a food waste bioconversion
system revealed a crude protein content of 41.44 ± 0.17 g/100g and crude lipid
content of 35.69 ± 0.24 g/100g. Among the mineral content in BSFL, Ca (22.95 ± 0.91
g/kg) was present in the highest concentration, followed by P (5.47 ± 0.06 g/kg) and K
(4.78 ± 0.081 g/kg). The fatty acid profile of BSFL oil showed a higher level of saturated
fatty acids than unsaturated, with the highest level of lauric acid (C12:0). Vitamins such
as retinol, vitamin D3, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, and γ -tocopherol were detected in
larval oil. α-tocopherol was present in the highest concentration (80.39±4.02—g/g). The
bioconversion performance of BSFL in terms of various parameters such as biomass yield,
bioconversion efficiency, substrate reduction, and nutritional composition was evaluated.
The bio-waste to larvae conversion ratio was 6.80, with a bioconversion efficiency of
24.31 ± 0.62 %. The overall substrate reduction by BSFL was 72.38 ± 1.37 %. In addition
to amplification of mitochondrial partial COI gene for larval identification, comparative
and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the
specific haplotypic populations from Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropic, Australasian, and
Nearctic biogeographic realms establish a closer relationship or single ancestral origin
with the Indian haplotypes, which is probably associated with anthropogenic factors
resulting in the cosmopolitan distribution of this new world originated wide-spectrum
fly.
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Citation
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101783