Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (B&N)
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- ItemEncapsulation and Protection of Omega-3-Rich Fish Oils Using Food-Grade Delivery Systems(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute(MDPI), 2021-07-06)Regular consumption of adequate quantities of lipids rich in omega-3 fatty acids is claimed to provide a broad spectrum of health benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Lipids isolated from many marine sources are a rich source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the omega-3 form which are claimed to have particularly high biological activities. Functional food products designed to enhance human health and wellbeing are increasingly being fortified with these omega-3 PUFAs because of their potential nutritional and health benefits. However, food fortification with PUFAs is challenging because of their low water-solubility, their tendency to rapidly oxidize, and their variable bioavailability. These challenges can be addressed using advanced encapsulation technologies, which typically involve incorporating the omega-3 oils into well-designed colloidal particles fabricated from food-grade ingredients, such as liposomes, emulsion droplets, nanostructured lipid carriers, or microgels. These omega-3-enriched colloidal dispersions can be used in a fluid form or they can be converted into a powdered form using spray-drying, which facilitates their handling and storage, as well as prolonging their shelf life. In this review, we provide an overview of marine-based omega-3 fatty acid sources, discuss their health benefits, highlight the challenges involved with their utilization in functional foods, and present the different encapsulation technologies that can be used to improve their performance.
- ItemBiomodulation of poly (vinyl alcohol)/starch polymers into composite‑based hybridised films: physico‑chemical, structural and biocompatibility characterization(Springer Nature, 2021-06-25)The aim of present research work was to bio-modulate Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Starch (PVA/S) polymers and synthesize compositebased PVA/S hybridised films incorporated with ZnO, TiO2 and gelatin protein hydrolysate (GPH) components. The prepared PVA/S based composite hybridised films were characterized for physico-chemical, thermal and structural characterisation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Notably, the incorporation of composites has made certain physico- chemical and structural modifications but not altered the molecular structure of biopolymer as revealed by FTIR analysis. The gelatinized blends of PVA/S based hybridised composite films incorporated with ZnO, TiO2 and GPH components have shown better thermal stability and miscibility as revealed by thermal gravity analysis. The biocompatibility was investigated by evaluating viability of L929 fibroblast cell, which had good biocompatibility and was non-toxic in nature. These PVA/S based composite hybridised films could be implemented in therapeutic biomedical research and food industrial applications.
- ItemNanoencapsulation in low-molecular-weight chitosan improves in vivo antioxidant potential of black carrot anthocyanin(Wiley, 2021-02-10)Anthocyanins are flavonoids that are potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anticarcinogenic nutraceutical ingredients. However, low chemical stability and low bioavailability limit the use of anthocyanins in food. Nanoencapsulation using biopolymers is a recent successful strategy for stabilization of anthocyanins. This study reports the development, characterization, and antioxidant activity of black carrot anthocyanin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs). RESULTS: The ionic gelation technique yielded the ACNPs. The mean hydrodynamic diameter d and polydispersity index PDI of chitosan nanoparticles and ACNPs were found to be d = 455 nm and PDI = 0.542 respectively for chitosan nanoparticles and d = 274 nm and PDI = 0.376 respectively for ACNPs. The size distribution was bimodal. The surface topography revealed that the ACNPs are spherical and display a coacervate structure. Fourier transforminfrared analysis revealed physicochemical interactions of anthocyanins with chitosan. The loading process could achieve an encapsulation efficiency of 70%. The flow behavior index η of encapsulated ACNPs samples revealed Newtonian and shear thickening characteristics. There was a marginal reduction in the in vitro antioxidant potential of anthocyanins after nanoencapsulation, as evidenced from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Interestingly, the in vivo antioxidant potential of anthocyanins improved following nanoencapsulation, as observed in the serum antioxidant assays. CONCLUSION: The optimized nanoencapsulation process resulted in spherical nanoparticles with appreciable encapsulation efficiency. The nanoencapsulation process improved the in vivo antioxidant activity of anthocyanins, indicating enhanced stability and bioavailability. The promising antioxidant activity of the ACNPs suggests a potential for utilization as a nutraceutical supplement.
- ItemNutritional evaluation, bioconversion performance and phylogenetic assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Linn. 1758) larvae valorized from food waste(Elsevier, 2021-07-10)The black soldier fly (H. illucens) is a potential candidate species for the sustainable bioconversion of organic matter that endorses the concept of a circular economy. The nutritional evaluation of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared in a food waste bioconversion system revealed a crude protein content of 41.44 ± 0.17 g/100g and crude lipid content of 35.69 ± 0.24 g/100g. Among the mineral content in BSFL, Ca (22.95 ± 0.91 g/kg) was present in the highest concentration, followed by P (5.47 ± 0.06 g/kg) and K (4.78 ± 0.081 g/kg). The fatty acid profile of BSFL oil showed a higher level of saturated fatty acids than unsaturated, with the highest level of lauric acid (C12:0). Vitamins such as retinol, vitamin D3, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, and γ -tocopherol were detected in larval oil. α-tocopherol was present in the highest concentration (80.39±4.02—g/g). The bioconversion performance of BSFL in terms of various parameters such as biomass yield, bioconversion efficiency, substrate reduction, and nutritional composition was evaluated. The bio-waste to larvae conversion ratio was 6.80, with a bioconversion efficiency of 24.31 ± 0.62 %. The overall substrate reduction by BSFL was 72.38 ± 1.37 %. In addition to amplification of mitochondrial partial COI gene for larval identification, comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the specific haplotypic populations from Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropic, Australasian, and Nearctic biogeographic realms establish a closer relationship or single ancestral origin with the Indian haplotypes, which is probably associated with anthropogenic factors resulting in the cosmopolitan distribution of this new world originated wide-spectrum fly.