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Browsing Conference papers (B&N) by Author "Mathew, S."

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    Biomedical applications of collagen and chitosan
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Sankar, T.V.
    Biopolymer is a term used to refer to the polymers which are biologically synthesized by nature. Polysaccharides are one such class of polymers comprising of simple monosaccharide molecules connected by ether type linkage to give a high molecular weight polymer. Among the different polysaccharides, cellulose and chitin are the most abundant biopolymers. Professor Henri Braconnot, Director of the Botanical Garden in Nancy, France isolated a fraction called fungine in 1 811 from the cell walls of mushrooms (Madhavan, 1992). Odier (1823) found similar material in the cuticle of beetles and re-named fungine as chitin after the Greek word chiton. The discovery of chitosan is ascribed to Rouget in 1859 (Sambasivan, 1992) and he, by boiling chitin in KOH, produced chitosan soluble in organic acids. Now it is understood that chitin is soluble in dimethyl acetamide containing 5% lithium chloride (Rutherford and Austin, 1978) and insoluble in aqueous acetic acid and chitosan's solubility is reverse to that of chitin in these two solvents. The nitrogen content of chitin is usually less than 7%, while that of chitosan is more than 7%. It was only in 1950, the structure of chitosan was resolved. Collagen is produced from air bladder of fish and chitosan from prawn shell.
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    A comparative evaluation of the biochemical composition of three tuna species
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Mumthaz, V.R.; Yathavamoorthi, R.; Thomas, A.; James, R.; Gopal, T.K.S.; Mathew, S.
    There is an ever increasing awareness about health foods especially in developed countries and fish is getting more acceptances because of its special nutritional qualities. Fish can serve as a significant source of protein, minerals, essential fatty acids and amino acids. Lysine present in them can supplement the corresponding deficiency in plant proteins. Two significant components present in marine fish and not present in other foods are the o-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Most important dietary recommendation to improve health and prevent chronic diseases is to increase dietary intake of co-3 fatty acids that are found primarily in the fatty fish (Exler and Wehrauch, 1988). These fatty acids have been suggested to have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of major diseases affecting human health such as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), cancer, diabetics, high blood pressure and auto immune diseases. Mackerel supplemented diet lowers the systolic and diastolic pressure in hypertensive subjects (Flick and Martin, 1992). Animal studies have shown that ingestion of fish oils prevents or diminishes arrhythmia (Charnock, 1991) Administration of fish oil has been found to be useful to reduce the inflammatory effects in many patients (Budiarso, 1990). High dietary intake of c -6 fatty acids have beneficial effects against malignant tumors (Cave, 1991). DHA are particularly valuable as nutrients for the cells of the brain, nervous system, eyes, adrenal glands (Carlson and Salem, 1991). With the current average seafood consumption of 14g/day, our intake of EPA and DHA is small. It is highly unlikely that an excess of o)-3 fatty acid will result from seafood consumption (Flick and Martin, 1992). Even with an increase in seafood consumption by a factor of five,it would be difficult to achieve the estimated intake of w-3 fatty acids. Enrichment of food with fish oil encapsulations is a remedy to this particular problem.
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    Effect of red mangrove (rhizophora apiculata) root extract on sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress in rats
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Asha, K.K.; Mathew, S.; Remyakumari, K.R.
    Oxidative stress arising from an imbalance in the antioxidant system is responsible for the ailments of the heart, brain dysfunction, immune system decline and also for aging. Thus there has been an increasing interest in recent years in healthy life styles and interest in antioxidants and food supplements has grown remarkably. The role of natural products as a source for remedies has been recognized since ancient times (de Pasquale, 1984). An analysis of a number of chemotherapeutic agents and their sources indicates that over 60% of approved drugs are derived from natural compounds (Cragg et at., 1997). With a proven record of natural products in drug discovery, there is a compelling need for expanding exploration of nature as a source of novel healing agents. Besides the endogenous antioxidant defenses that combat the oxidative stress, consumption of antioxidants appears to be important. Antioxidants can be either synthetic or of natural origin. The use of synthetic antioxidants in food is being discouraged by many health regulating agencies in recent times. Plants are good sources of natural antioxidants (Shahidi, 2000), which has been the basis of numerous studies in the last decade. Among these, flavonoids and related phenolics have gained importance. Unpublished data on mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata or red mangrove, from GIFT, Cochin and earlier studies have established that the root of this plant is a rich source of flavonoids and has several low molecular weight compounds like glucosides, fatty acids, sterols and hydrocarbons (Sharaf et at., 2000). Perera et at. (2008) extracted polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids from root and bark of RhIzophora mangle, a species closely related to R. apiculata. Several investigators have established that mangroves are also rich in polyphenols, among which flavonoids are a significant group (Kathiresan and Ravi, 1990; Ravi and Kathiresan, 1990; Achmadi et al., 1994). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the ethanolic root extract of the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata on experimentally induced oxidative stress in brain tissue of male albino rats.
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    Effect of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid from fish oil on progression of dalton's lymphoma ascite and hepatocarcinoma in swiss albino mice
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Nayak, J.; Mathew, S.; Nair, P.G.V.; Anandan, R.
    Cancer, a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, is the second leading cause of death in world (Vay Liang etal., 2001). In the year 2000, worldwide over 10 million new cases of cancer was estimated with more than half of incidences reported from I the developing countries (Parkin et al., 2001). Although estimates vary, it was predicted that by the year 2020 there would be almost 20 million new cases of cancer and the contribution from the developing countries might rise upto 70%. At present nearly one million new cases are being detected in India annually (Murthy et al., 1998). It is generally accepted that the causes of cancer could be physical (radiation), chemical (carcinogens) and viral (papilloma or EB virus). Cancer incidences have also been related to environmental and life-style factors. Classic epidemiological studies conducted by Doll and Peto (1981) showed that environment and life style factors account for more than 60-80% of human cancers. In India the incidence of cancers of colon, pancreas, liver and gall bladder is rising largely due to urbanization that leads to major changes in the diet and personal habits (Mohandas and Jagannath, 2000).
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    Effects of peroxidised PUFA on tissue defence system in experimentally induced myocardial infraction in rats
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2003) Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Ammu, K.; Nair, P.G.V.
    In the present study, the administration of peroxidised PUFA was found to aggravate the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infraction in rats, which was evident from the increased level protein and enhanced the release of marker enzymes in the serum of rats given PUFA and isoproterenol. It was also observed that oxidized PUFA in the diet resulted in higher levels of peroxidation and lower levels of antiperoxidative enzymes.
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    Influence of coconut oil, fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diets on the health status of albino rats
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010) Mathew, M.; Mathew, S.
    Contrary to popular belief, fats and oils are an important part of nutrition in a healthy diet. Healthful sources of fat contribute to our energy stores and act as excellent lubricants, lubing up our digestive tract and providing protective insulation to our organs as well as allowing for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K (He, 2009). Fish oils are rich in the fat soluble vitamins and they contain antioxidant hydrocarbons like squalene and immune boosting compounds like 1-0-alkyl glycerol ethers and are blessed with the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the n-3 series eg. EPA, DHA (Enas, 1996). These long chain n3 PUFAs have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and reduce symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil helps in reducing the risk of heart related disorders as it is a powerful anti-inflammatory and can help reduce the risk from the Creactive proteins (Ciubotaru et al., 2003). Secondly, the omega 3 fatty acids help to prevent clumping and stickiness of the blood. Thus, blood can flow more easily in the arteries reducing the probability of heart attacks or strokes. Fish oil also helps to prevent plaque build-up inside the arteries. The association between fish consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied (Virtanen et al., 2008; Mozaffarian et al., 2008; Leaf et al., 2008; Rule et at., 1996). Although the results are inconsistent, the majority of studies are in favour of the cardio protective effects of fish consumption. Dietary n3 PUFA of marine origin rich in EPA and DHA are reported to be more effective than vegetable oils in decreasing plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol concentration.