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- ItemRelation between physicochemical properties and gel strength of myofibrillar protein from selected marine fishes(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010)The functional properties of fish meat depend mainly on characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (Coll et al., 1997) which in turn depends on their composition, structure and their interaction with other food components (Colmenero and Borderias, 1993). Study of functional property of myofibrillar proteins is important in determining the quality of the product (Roura and Crupkin, 1995). The native characteristics of proteins in fish muscles can be better understood when investigated when proteins are extracted from fish in prime condition. Further, protein being hydrophilic in nature, tissue proteins usually exists in native characteristics in tune with the aqueous environment as shown by low surface hydrophobicity, low SH groups etc. in order to exhibit maximum physiological function. The variation in native characteristic is related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the characteristics of protein in vivo and its interaction with other tissue components.
- ItemInfluence of coconut oil, fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diets on the health status of albino rats(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010)Contrary to popular belief, fats and oils are an important part of nutrition in a healthy diet. Healthful sources of fat contribute to our energy stores and act as excellent lubricants, lubing up our digestive tract and providing protective insulation to our organs as well as allowing for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K (He, 2009). Fish oils are rich in the fat soluble vitamins and they contain antioxidant hydrocarbons like squalene and immune boosting compounds like 1-0-alkyl glycerol ethers and are blessed with the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the n-3 series eg. EPA, DHA (Enas, 1996). These long chain n3 PUFAs have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and reduce symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil helps in reducing the risk of heart related disorders as it is a powerful anti-inflammatory and can help reduce the risk from the Creactive proteins (Ciubotaru et al., 2003). Secondly, the omega 3 fatty acids help to prevent clumping and stickiness of the blood. Thus, blood can flow more easily in the arteries reducing the probability of heart attacks or strokes. Fish oil also helps to prevent plaque build-up inside the arteries. The association between fish consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied (Virtanen et al., 2008; Mozaffarian et al., 2008; Leaf et al., 2008; Rule et at., 1996). Although the results are inconsistent, the majority of studies are in favour of the cardio protective effects of fish consumption. Dietary n3 PUFA of marine origin rich in EPA and DHA are reported to be more effective than vegetable oils in decreasing plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol concentration.
- ItemHeavy metals in the sediments from mumbai coast(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010)Heavy metals, once thought to be insignificant as pollutants, has become one of the worst pollutants, following the outbreak of Minamata disease in Japan, as a result of Hg poisoning. Since then, various studies have been conducted on the effects of various heavy metals on the ecosystem. These research works led to the categorization of heavy metals as "black listed" and "grey listed" elements, and strict standards were laid down for the discharge of the same in the ecosystem (Phillips and Rainbow, 1997). Marine sediments can be a sensitive indicator for monitoring contaminants in the marine environment (Larsen and Jensen, 1989). Mumbai is a large metropolis on the west coast of India and forms the hub of important industrial activities. All the effluents generated in the city reaches the coastal waters. Studies on different aspects of heavy metal pollution on Mumbai coast have been conducted by several workers (Matkar etal.. 1981; Patel et al., 1985; Gajbhiye, et al. 1985; Patel and Chandy, 1988; Qasim, et al. 1988; Kumari et al., 1992; Nair and Kumari, 1993). However, information on current status of pollution would be useful in the coastal regions like Mumbai, which are under tremendous population and industrial pressure. The present study was carried out to understand the spatial and temporal variations of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Mn in the sediments of Mumbai coast.
- ItemEffect of taurine on glucose metabolism in experimentally-induced fulminant hepatic failure in rats(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010)Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a devastating illness that has a high mortality rate and affects patients with previously healthy livers (Moreno- Gonzalez etal. 1995). Although an uncommon disorder, it is usually fatal and is defined as the occurrence of encephalopathy in a previously healthy person, within eight weeks from onset of severe liver disease. Although the etiology of FHF remains unclear, viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury account for the majority of causes. FHF caused by viral hepatitis is a national health problem in the developing countries. Hepatitis E causes large-scale epidemics of hepatitis in the Indian subcontinent, involving hundreds of thousands of cases with high mortality (Acharya et at., 2000; Khan et al., 2006) Clinical features of FHF can be divided into two broad groups: (i) manifestations of acute hepatic injury, namely, jaundice, shrunken liver, high liver enzymes, deficiency of clotting factors and other synthetic functions of the liver; and (U) multi-organ failure and a wide range of metabolic disturbances. All patients should be managed in an intensive care setting pending transfer to a liver transplantation center. Several issues namely selection of patients, appropriate timing of the transplant, the difficulty of making donor liver available within a short period of time, and postoperative course of these sick patients, and the fact that liver transplant should take place before severe irreversible brain damage has made transplantation for FHF a very challenging field (Turchetti, 2003). Despite this complexity, impressive recent progress has been achieved in advancing our understanding and appreciation of the cellular processes and mechanistic bases underlying fulminate hepatic failure. Effective clinical application of hepatoprotective and cytotrophic drugs may offer valuable time to provide a donor liver, or alternatively, to allow the native liver to regenerate.
- ItemEffect of red mangrove (rhizophora apiculata) root extract on sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress in rats(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2010)Oxidative stress arising from an imbalance in the antioxidant system is responsible for the ailments of the heart, brain dysfunction, immune system decline and also for aging. Thus there has been an increasing interest in recent years in healthy life styles and interest in antioxidants and food supplements has grown remarkably. The role of natural products as a source for remedies has been recognized since ancient times (de Pasquale, 1984). An analysis of a number of chemotherapeutic agents and their sources indicates that over 60% of approved drugs are derived from natural compounds (Cragg et at., 1997). With a proven record of natural products in drug discovery, there is a compelling need for expanding exploration of nature as a source of novel healing agents. Besides the endogenous antioxidant defenses that combat the oxidative stress, consumption of antioxidants appears to be important. Antioxidants can be either synthetic or of natural origin. The use of synthetic antioxidants in food is being discouraged by many health regulating agencies in recent times. Plants are good sources of natural antioxidants (Shahidi, 2000), which has been the basis of numerous studies in the last decade. Among these, flavonoids and related phenolics have gained importance. Unpublished data on mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata or red mangrove, from GIFT, Cochin and earlier studies have established that the root of this plant is a rich source of flavonoids and has several low molecular weight compounds like glucosides, fatty acids, sterols and hydrocarbons (Sharaf et at., 2000). Perera et at. (2008) extracted polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids from root and bark of RhIzophora mangle, a species closely related to R. apiculata. Several investigators have established that mangroves are also rich in polyphenols, among which flavonoids are a significant group (Kathiresan and Ravi, 1990; Ravi and Kathiresan, 1990; Achmadi et al., 1994). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the ethanolic root extract of the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata on experimentally induced oxidative stress in brain tissue of male albino rats.