Extension, Information & Statistics

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Browsing Extension, Information & Statistics by Author "Annamalai, V."

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    Capacity utilization in the fish processing plants in kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1998) Unnithan, G.R.; Nair, A.K.K.; Iyer, H.K.; Annamalai, V.
    The production and capacity utilization in the fish processing plants in Kerala was estimated using a stratified random sampling procedure. The capacity utilization for the year 1996 was estimated to be 15% based on 365 working days with three shifts per day. The seasonal production and capacity utilization indicate that trawl ban adversely affected the processing industry during June, July months (about 10.6% utilization) whereas the utilization increased substantially during post ban period of squids, cuttlefish and other diversified products. The main reason for the low capacity utilization was that the availability of raw material was not commensurate with existing installed capacity in the fish processing sector in the State.
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    Economic and behavioural trends in low energy fishing in the south coast of india
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1993) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.
    Artisanal fishing in India based on low energy and low capital investment continues to be a paralled system of fishing against the more modern industrial fishing sector. Choice of low energy and low capital intensive techniques in fisheries is encouraged as much by the steep rise of fuel prices as by the traditional factors of labour abundance and the nature of domestic demand for fish. The recent adoption of outboard motors in traditional craft on a wider scale underscores the point that the choice of low energy fishing techniques is not to be equated with lack of economic rationalism and dynamism. This intermediate technology has enhanced the economic viability of artisanal fishing in the face of competition from mechanised sector. The innovation has further set in motion important organizational and behavioural changes in the traditional fishing sector.
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    Economic appraisal of fishery technologies
    (Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 2002) Annamalai, V.
    It deals with the study of constructing economic equation or production function that gives us a quality of yield or output for specified dozes or quantity of input of fishery technology. The important purpose of constructing these economic equations is to work out the optimum or most efficient combination of inputs for a given output. This is done through a variety of methods ranging from linear programming techniques to multiple regression techniques. The optimum or most efficient combination of input for a given output is that combination from which slight or marginal change of inputs reduces the output.
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    Economic aspects of fish curing
    (CIFT, 1997) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.; Unnikrishnan Nair, T.S.
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    Economics of idle capacity-an exercise in methods
    (Cochin University of Science and Technology, 1998) Annamalai, V.
    Idle capacity in the sense of excess of fixed production facilities in relation to normal turnover will add to cost of production without adding to value and also could result in the wastage of capital, a scarce resource. Identification and quantification of idle capacity in fish processing industries is a difficult task given the high seasonality of raw material a short season could remain unused for better part of the year. Under what price and cost conditions such production capacity could turn idle or otherwise is explored using the welknown technique of marginal analysis.
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    Economics of marketing of fisheries products
    (Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 2003) Annamalai, V.
    The economic evaluation of fishery products has two distinct but complementary aspects. The first is the identification of cost-price equation and second related to the market sustainability or the credit worthiness of a product . These evaluations are carried out assuming ideal production and marketing environments ignoring both internal and external economics of production. It also describes the product choices , principles of product choices, Product life cycle, pricing of products, Fish marketing, marketing principles and functions, Organized marketing.
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    Economics of motorised traditional craft
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 1990) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.
    Motorization of traditional fishing craft is one of the fast spreading technological innovations in Indian fishing villages. A study on the economic performance of the innovation showed a substantial increase in the gross earnings after motorization the increase being more pronounced in the case of small (below 7.5 m) and medium (8 to 10 m) sized craft. However, rising fuel costs, and high prices of spares of motor and repair charges, cut deeply into the operational profit. Rate of return on investment is generally very low and large classes of craft (above 10.5 m) show the least return at 11%. The far reaching impact of motorization is to be found in the monetisation of craft operation. Only those fishing units having financial backing to carry on operation during long spells of poor harvest can remain viable in the long run, and the rest are forced to fold up.
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    Experience of cift in transferring fisheries technologies for employment generation among fisherwomen
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1988) Kandoran, M.K.; Thiagarajan, R.; Annamalai, V.; Thomas, M.
    This paper deals with the technology transfer programmes undertaken by Central Institute of Fisheries Technology for employment generation among coastal women.
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    Market functionaries and marketing channels in dry fish trade
    (CIFT, 1996) Annamalai, V.; Unnithan, G.R.
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    Marketing efficiency of fresh fish trade in cochin and veraval
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2001) Gopal, N.; Annamalai, V.; Ramesan, M.P.; Kumar, P.
    Price spread is an important index of marketing efficiency. This study reports the price spread between landing centres, wholesale and retail markets in Cochin (Kerala) and Veraval (Gujarat) in India, for important varieties of fish. The price spread is very high both in wholesale and retail markets. While in wholesale market the price spread ranged from 1.11% to 46%, it was as high as 471% in the retail market at Veraval and 1410% at Cochin. The range of price spread was found to be very high during the periods of low price and high catch, and low during high price and low catch season. The benefit of high price spread accrue to the middlemen, depriving both the consumer and the fishermen of a fair price.
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    Trends and cycles in fishery returns from motorised traditional fishing crafts
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1996) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.
    Based on the landing data for a period of sixty months this study estimates the pattern and the extent of swings in the annual cycles of revenues earned in fisheries. It identifies the peak and trough in terms of their relative temporal length and the margin of difference in revenue. The short period trend shows a 69% rise in revenue during the five year period. Significance of the residual variations are brought out
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    Trends and cycles in fishery returns from motorised traditional fishing crafts
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1996) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.
    Based on the landing data for a period of sixty months this study estimates the pattern and the extent of swings in the annual cycles of revenues earned in fisheries. It identifies the peak and trough in terms of their relative temporal length and the margin of difference in revenue. The short period trend shows a 69% rise in revenue during the five year period. Significance of the residual variations are brought out.
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    Wage realisation from fisheries
    (CIFT, 1994) Annamalai, V.
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    The work-wage relationship in the traditional ring seine fisheries of Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1995) Annamalai, V.; Kandoran, M.K.
    Behaviour of fishery wages obtained by crew of artisanal ring-seine fishing units based at Alleppey District was studied over a period of two years. The results have shown that the average wage at Rs. 60 per trip of 8 to 10 h duration is comparable to wages in other less organised primary sectors of agriculture related activities. The distribution of the wages over periods shows that there are long spells of low wages and very short spells of high wages. Unlike the commonly held belief, it is seen that extremely low wages and extremely high wages are not season determined. Both tend to concentrate in the same time segment.