2016

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    Empirical Modeling on the Effect of Sodium Chloride, Temperature and pH on Solubility of Myosin Extracted from Labeo rohita
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2016) Das, Madhusweta
    The present study describes the modeling of the effect of sodium chloride concentration, temperature and pH on dissolution of myosin isolated from fresh waters fish, Labeo rohita. The goodness of fit was assessed by coefficient of determination, root mean square error and residual plot.The trend observed in the dissolution behavior could be well described by mathematical equations, the nature being case specific. At pH 6.2, with sodium chloride concentration as independent variable, solubility followed a four degree polynomial for temperatures ranging from 10-33°C and a three degree for 45- 65°C. Maximum solubility obtainable increased linearly with decrease of temperature from 65 to 10°C, however, for the whole temperature range, dissolution attained peak at around 0.85 M sodium chloride. Solubility was also a function of pH and exhibited three degree dependency in absence of salt and a two degree dependency in presence of salt. The isoelectric pH of myosin shifted towards acidic side in presence of salt.
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    Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Seafood
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Murugadas, V.; Joseph, T.C.; Lalitha, K.V.
    Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen known to cause hospital, community acquired and foodborne illness with varying susceptibility to antibiotics. The selective pressure due to the use of antibiotics along with horizontal and vertical gene transfer has resulted in the evolution of multidrug resistant S. aureus. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus isolated from seafood of Kerala, India. One hundred and thirty three S. aureus isolates obtained during 2012 to 2015 were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with a set of 20 antibiotics representing eleven classes of antibiotics by standard disk diffusion assay. The study revealed that 90.9% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics. Resistance was found among 33.8, 27.8, 17.3, 6.8, 3.8, 0.7 and 0.7% isolates to one, two, three, four, five, six and eight classes of antibiotics respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 29.3% of the S. aureus isolates with resistance to antibiotics ranging from 3 to 8 classes of antibiotics. The study reveals that S. aureus isolates were sensitive to aminoglycosides and phenicols.
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    Fatty Acid Profile of Yellowfin Tuna Eye (Thunnus albacares) and Oil Sardine Muscle (Sardinella longiceps)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Renuka, V.; Anandan, R.; Suseela, M.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Sivaraman, G.K..
    In the present study, fatty acid profile of yellowfin tuna eye (YFTE) was investigated. Proximate analysis of YFTE revealed the presence of high fat content (12.0%) and moderate protein content (10.2%). A comparison was made between the fatty acid composition of YFTE and sardine oil. Higher poly unsaturated fatty acid content was found in YFTE (48.8%) compared to oil sardine (30.0%). Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content to the total fatty acids of YFTE was 36.72% which was higher compared to oil sardine (8.67%). However, EPA content of oil sardine was higher (16.8%) than YFTE (7.07%). DHA/EPA ratio and n-3/n-6 ratio of YFTE were 5.25 and 8.97 respectively. Palmitoleic acid was the principal mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) present in YFTE and oil sardine. The present study revealed that yellow fin tuna eye could be a potential source of omega-3 fatty acids.
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    Quality Characteristics of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Fish Landing Centre at Cochin, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Biji, K. B.; Kumari, K. R. R.; Anju, K.A.; Mathew, s.; Ravishankar, C.N..
    Yellowfin tuna being one of the commercially important fish species, the quality characteristics were investigated. Yellowfin tuna muscle had 23.18% crude protein and 1.52% crude fat. Tuna protein was well balanced with amino acids and the percentage ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 48.2. Tuna meat was rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents of raw tuna were 31.19, 8.23 and 58.79%, respectively. n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio was 6.78, showing that yellowfin tuna meat is rich in n-3 PUFA. The other quality parameters like total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and trimethyl amine (TMA) were well within acceptable limits. Primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were also studied. The surface colour parameters and texture of yellowfin tuna meat showed that the samples used in the present study were of good quality.
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    Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid and Swezy Bloom and its Impact on the Coastal Water Quality off Alappuzha, Arabian Sea
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Peter, Sam; Agnes, Fejila; Sreeparvathy, P.; Pillai, Devika; Kumar, B. Manoj
    In conclusion, continuous and long term monitoring of this organism along with physico-chemical parameters, should be carried out along the coastal waters, in order to discover the factors triggering such harmful algal blooms
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    Optimization of Fish Based Extruded Product by Twin Screw Extrusion using Response Surface Methodology and Shelf life Evaluation
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Kamalakanth, C.K.; Joshy, C.G.; Varkey, J.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Gopal, T.K.S.
    Effect of extrusion conditions like temperature, screw speed, and moisture content of the fish incorporated extruded snack on specific mechanical energy (SME) and texture were evaluated and optimized by using response surface methodology. A central composite design with 20 runs was formulated for the experiment and the quadratic model was most suitable for explaining the changes of dependent variables with respect to independent variables. It was found that as the temperature increased, SME and texture decreased; whereas, SME was directly proportional with screw speed. There was a decrease in the SME and increase in texture as the moisture content increased. Maximum desirability value of 0.873 revealed that the screw speed of 380 rpm at a temperature of 140°C and 17% moisture content were optimum for the development of fish incorporated extruded snack and values for SME and texture were 251.26 KJ kg-1 and 9.86 N, respectively. Storage study of fish-incorporated extruded snack developed at optimized conditions revealed that thiobarbituric acid and texture were increased with storage period. Similarly, redness of the sample increased while whiteness and yellowness of the sample were decreased with storage. At ambient temperature (28±1°C), the product had a shelf life of 4 months.
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    Nutritional Profiling and Seasonal Variation in the Proximate Composition of Emperor Fish (Lethrinus lentjan) from Thoothukudi Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Chrisolite, B; Shanmugam, S.A; Vijayarahavan, V; Kumar, K. Sathish; Kaliyamurthi, V
    Seasonal variation in the proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash) was analysed in emperor fish (Lethrinus lentjan). Mineral composition (iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and calcium) was also analysed. Moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash contents were found to range from 74.93–78.20, 14.53–24.40, 0.21–2.76, 0.49– 1.07 and 1.24–2.70% respectively. Iron, phosphorus, sodium, calcium and potassium was 4.20, 13.50, 7.20, 156.20 and 17.90 mg% respectively. Fatty acid profile of emperor fish revealed palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18) and myristic acid (C14) to be the major saturated fatty acid and elaidic acid (C18:1n9T) and oleic acid (C18: 1n9C) were the dominant monounsaturated fatty acids. Investigations also revealed that fat content was higher during the monsoon season (October and November).
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    Optimization of process parameters for the production of chitin from the shell ofFlowertail Shrimp(Metapenaeus dobsoni)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Joshy, C.G.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Ninan, G.; Ronda, V.; Muhammed, S.
    The objective of present study was to optimize the process parameters for the production of chitin from the shell of Metapenaeus dobsoni by deproteinization and demineralization using linear regression. The response variables viz: yield and quality of chitin were optimized in terms of concentration, treatment time and ratio of acid and alkali used in the production of chitin. First order polynomial regression model with interaction coefficients for alkali concentration with treatment time was found as optimal to explain the variability in the response variables in terms of process variables. Based on the fitted model, the coefficients of acid concentration (2.48), acid ratio (0.006) and acid treatment time (0.039) were found significant for chitin yield at 1% level and linear regression coefficients showed a non-significant increasing trend. The regression coefficient for interaction between acid concentration and treatment time showed a significant decreasing trend (-0.025). The optimum combination of process variables to improve the yield and quality of chitin from M. dobsoni shell was sodium hydroxide concentration at 3 % in 1:2 ratio and treatment time of 30 minutes and hydrochloric acid concentration at 1.25 N in1:2 ratio and treatment time of 90 minutes.
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    Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profiling of Four Marine Fish Species of Gujarat Coast
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Sivaraman, G.K.; Renuka, V.; Jha, A.K.; Susmitha, V.; Sreerekha, P.R.; Vimaladevi, S.; Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Mohanthy, B.P.
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    3D Visualization of Reservoir and its Applications in Fisheries: A GIS Perspective
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Nair, V.R.; Pravin, P.; Gopal, N.; Rao, N.H.
    Reservoirs are water bodies created using a dam for storage of water. Natural process like erosion in the catchment area and the consequent deposition in various parts of reservoir gradually reduce the capacity of the reservoir. This silt deposition from the upland and surrounding areas poses a threat to the aquatic environment in general and fisheries in particular. Information about the quantity of the silt and the consequent reduction in the capacity of the reservoir is necessary for planning and operational purposes and the same can be estimated through scientific capacity surveys. It is also essential to identify the geomorphological characteristics of the bathymetric area of the reservoir for management of fisheries. This article reviews the research works carried out for development of three dimensional visualization of reservoirs in GIS platform for sustainable fishery management.
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    Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Indian Oil sardine Fishery of Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Das, P.H.D.; Edwin, L
    The pelagic fishery resources play a significant role of fish production in India. Small pelagics such as the Indian oil sardine and Indian mackerel together contribute 21% of the marine landings. Ring seining is one of the most efficient fishing methods used for small pelagic fishery in India and the state of Kerala in the south west coast is the major contributor. Ring seines contribute 51% of the marine fish landings and 98.8% of sardine landings of Kerala. Kerala is said to be the birthplace of ring seine and at the time of introduction, ring seine were operated from small canoes with very low power engines. Presently ring seines are operated with large number of high power motorised and mechanised vessels. In this study, an Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is used to analyze the environmental burdens associated with the Indian oil sardine exploited by mechanised, motorised and traditional ring seine fishing systems. The analysis encompassed operational inputs to fishing activities, inputs to fishing craft and gear construction, maintenance and service life of fishing system. This is done using material wise analysis for ring seine fishing systems in detail and is the first of its kind in Indian fisheries. Results show that in oil sardine landings, fuel used for fishing contributed more than half of the total impacts in eight of the ten impact categories analysed. Motorized ring seine fleet is having higher impact when compared to mechanized ring seine fleet except for ADP element and ODP, due to the high use of lead weight and polyamide webbing in mechanized fleets. Impact of motorised fleet ADP fossil, AP, EP, GWP, HTP and POCP showed more than 20% impact than mechanized fleet with a higher value of 24% in GWP. Through this study some important interventions are proposed for the improved efficiency of this fishery.
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    Quality Assessment of Formic Acid Silage Developed from Squilla Oratosquilla nepa (Latreille)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Bijoy, V.M.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Ninan, G.; Harikrishnan, M.
    The focus of this investigation was to utilize the protein present in tuna waste by enzyme hydrolysis and characterization of protein hydrolysate (TPH). Yellowfin tuna waste was used to prepare the hydrolysate using 0.5% (w/w) bromelain enzyme. It was characterized for nutritional, functional and antioxidant properties. The protein content in the derived protein hydrolysate was 95.3 ± 3.1%. The foaming capacity as well as foam stability was maximum at pH 6.0 and the property decreased when pH deviated from neutral. Emulsifying properties viz., emulsifying activity index as well as emulsion stability index was least at 4.0 pH. DPPH radical scavenging activity of TPH revealed an IC50 value of 4.06 mg ml-1.
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    Solar PV Based Chilled Storage System for Preservation of Fresh Fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Nagori, A.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Ravishankar, C.N.
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    Fisherwomen’s Perception on the Constraints Hampering their Empowerment and Development: A Case Study of the Self Help Groups of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Jayaraman, R; Infantina, J. Amali; Piyashi, Debroy
    Marine fisheries constitute a valuable source of food and employment, and a net contributor to the nation’s balance of payment. The fisherwomen have been facing several constraints of technical, financial, organizational and policy realms, which affects their social and economic empowerment. In this regard, around 40 fisherwomen from Self Help Groups (SHGs) of Tharuvaikulam fishing village in Thoothukudi district (Tamil Nadu) was selected randomly for data collection. The fisherwomen were asked to rank the constraints according to their perception of importance. Garrett Ranking Technique was used to analyze the constraints in order to find out the most significant factor which influences the respondent. This technique helps to precisely rank the preference of the respondents on different factors. Of the seven production constraints, high cost of inputs including finfish and shellfish was ranked foremost. Of the five financial constraints, lack of funds for starting and running the business activities was the major constraint. Among the five constraints that influenced cohesion of the SHGs, the respondents opined that lack of leadership and guidance affected the performance of the SHGs. Lack of marketing skills was the single most important marketing constraint. With regard to performance constraints, lesser profits brought down their performance. Further, lack of contact between producer and consumer was identified as the most important constraint, among six extension constraints, that affected market access. Among the seven entrepreneurship constraints, lack of lateral thinking and innovation denied them success in their business.
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    Effect of chitosan edible coating on the microbial quality of Ribbonfish, Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1929) steaks
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Renuka, V.; Mohan, C.O.; Kriplani, Y.; Sivaraman, G.K.; Ravishankar, C.N.
    The demand for healthy food products without any added chemical preservative is increasing globally. Chitosan can find application in food products due to its bio-preservation effects. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of chitosan edible coating on the microbial quality of ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala. Ribbonfish steaks treated with (1%) and without chitosan were packed in multilayered films and stored under refrigerated conditions (3±1oC). The fish used in the study is medium fatty fish with good quantity of crude protein. The initial total plate count of 4.5 log cfu g-1 indicates the good quality of fish used in the study which exceeded limit of 7 log cfu g-1 on 10th days in control samples indicating the shelf life of ~8-9 days. In chitosan treated samples, total plate counts were observed to be 6.81 log cfu g-1on 15th day and the limit of 7 log cfu g-1was exceeded only on 20th day indicating a shelf life of ~16-17 days. This clearly indicates the antimicrobial effect of chitosan. Further, significantly (p<0.01) lower counts for Pseudomonas spp., H2S forming bacteria and enterobacteriaceae were observed for chitosan treated samples. The study reveals that chitosan can be used effectively to enhance the microbial quality as well as shelf life of the fishery products.
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    Performance Evaluation of Turtle Excluder Device off Dhamra in Bay of Bengal
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Prakash, R.R.; Boopendranath, M. R.; Vinod, M.
    Turtles are endangered and protected species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. A number of non-target resources, such as sea turtles, are caught during trawling. This study reports the field trials conducted using TED-installed fish trawls in Odisha waters to evaluate the efficacy of TED. The incidence of sea turtles was one for every 15 hauls and the turtle excluder device (CIFT-TED) showed 100% exclusion for the sea turtle entering the trawl system. The exclusion rates were 2.5% for the total catch and 2.7% for the shrimp. Twenty eight species of finfish were encountered during the trials of which 17 were represented in the excluded portion of the catch.
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    Ecosystem Services and Fishery Production Dynamics of Wetland Ecosystem: An Appraisal of Alappuzha District of Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Varkey, L.M; Kumar, Pramod; Mridha, Nilimesh; Sekhar, I; Sahoo, R. N
    Wetlands serve as home to innumerable flora and fauna and deliver critical ecological and societal functions which often tend to get ignored during the developmental process. An assessment of ecosystem service contribution of wetlands of Alappuzha was attempted under benefit transfer framework to raise awareness regarding its invaluable contributions. The district being home to a network of backwaters falling under coastal lagoons, coastal natural wetands dominated the share. Erosion regulation and sediment retention, food production and recreation were the major ecosystem functions contributing to total ecosystem value. An assessment of growth and variability of inland fisheries, the major provisioning good of the wetlands, revealed the significance of Prawn, Etroplus and Tilapia in fish landings. Analysis of change in the area of Vembanad Lake during 2002-2014 revealed growing anthropogenic pressure, with a reduction of 465 ha of area. Fisheries of the lake has been seriously affected by continuing reclamation, pollution, eutrophication and anthropogenic interventions which have to be regulated to stop the decline of wetlands of the district
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    Haematological Assessment on Toxicity of Fungicide Hexaconazole on Post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Sisodia, A.V; Bijoy, V.M; Harikrishnan, M
    The objective of the study was to determine the LC50 (96 h) of the fungicide Taqat (Captan, Hexaconazole) on post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Prawns of average length 1.98 cm were exposed to taqat at concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg L-1. The LC50 of Hexaconazole at 96 h was found to be 0.064 mg L-1. Total haemocyte count (THC) of prawns in response to exposure to sublethal concentrations of taqat increased in test groups (7.87±5.96 to 1877.5±1622.3) were noticed. Significant changes in physiological and behavioural patterns were noticed. Differential haemocyte count (DHC) showed elevated agranulocytes (63.66±6.60 to 81.76±1.60) when compared to granulocytes (5±1.7 to 34.72±3.6) in experimental groups. Changes in blood clotting time (30.00±2.32 to 166.66±2.88) were also noticed between control and test groups indicating possible signs of stress in exposed animals. Present results demonstrate the risks involved in farming of M. rosenbergii near rice farms where these fungicides are routinely used.
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    Biology of Silverbelly, Photopectoralis bindus (Val. 1835) along Ratnagiri Coast
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2016) Borah, B. S.; Nirmale, V. H.; Metar, S. Y.; Bhosale, B. P.; Chogale, N. D.; Pawar, R. A.
    Food and feeding habits, reproduction and size at first maturity of Photopectoralis bindus from Ratnagiri coast are described, based on commercial catches landed by trawls during 2013-2014. Copepods, diatoms and cladocera form important food of the species. The estimated length at first maturity is 93.5 mm. P. bindus is a fractional spawner and appears to release the ova in at least two spawning acts during the peak spawning season extending from October to December. High gonado-somatic indices correspond well with the peak spawning seasons and females always have higher values. The estimated fecundity ranged from 4377 to 10 449
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    Trawl Selectivity Estimates of Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1848) in Square and Diamond Mesh Codends
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Madhu, V.R.; Remesan, M.P.; Meenakumari, B.
    Codend selectivity of Thryssa dussumieri, an important trawl resource along Gujarat coast was studied using covered codend method. The selectivity estimates were worked out for 40 mm diamond and square mesh codends by staked haul method to account variation associated with multiple hauls considered for deriving the selectivity. The length at 50% retention of the species for the 40 mm diamond and square mesh codends were worked out as 8.84±0.16 and 10.20±0.12 cm respectively. The selection range, selection factor and selection ratio for the diamond mesh codend was 7.96±0.42 cm, 2.21 and 0.9 respectively and for the 40 mm square mesh codend these values were 3.76±0.19 cm, 2.55 and 0.37 respectively. Considering the length at first maturity of the species as 125 mm, the optimum mesh size for 40 mm diamond mesh and square mesh codend were worked out as 56.6 and 49 mm respectively for conservation of the species.