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Analysis of meristic characters of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) along Indian coast
(ICAR, 2013) Sreekanth, G.B.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Renjith, R.K.; Pazhayamadom, D.G.; Kamei, G.; Vaisakh, G.; Ail, S.S.
The Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) is a commercially important demersal fish species along the Indian coast especially in the maritime states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. In the present study, 389 samples were collected from four locations i.e., Cochin, Mumbai, Kakinada and Chennai and 15 meristic characters were recorded and analysed. Wald’s chi-square statistics was used to analyse the meristic characters. Most of the meristic characters showed no significant difference between locations which depicted the similarity of stock collected from different locations. However, the counts of gill rakers were found significant and important for differentiating the populations from these locations
First record of Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977) (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida: Chiroteuthidae), from the Arabian Sea
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2015) Rithin, J.; Daniel, R.; Fernandez, T.J.; Sajikumar, K.K.; Renju, R.; Prajith, K.K.; Remesan, M.P.
The deep sea squid Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (family: Chiroteuthidae) is reported here for the first time from the Arabian Sea of the India. A single specimen was collected while conducting a trial fishing with 49.5m Cosmos mid water trawl onboard FORV Sagar Sampada between latitude 11o 47.767’N and longitude 73o 39.065’E at a depth range of 350 to 400 m during the month of October 2013. The morphometric measurements of the specimen are described and are compared with the same species reported from the North Atlantic Ocean. The female specimen measured 788 mm in standard length, 22.50 mm in mantle length, 89.26 mm fin length and weighed 85.38 gm.
Impact of immunocompetence index based selection on health conditions in broiler chicken
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2015) Sivaraman, G.K.; Sanjeev, K.
Present investigation was carried out to assess the impact of immunocompetence index based selection on the survivability of Synthetic Dam Line of broiler chicken. The base population (G0) was screened for various immunocompetence traits, which were then combined in to an index, called immunocompetence (IC) index and two generations (G1 and G2) were obtained after selection for high and low IC index values. Significant differences in percent mortality patterns were noticed in the base population (P< 0.05) and G1 generation (P<0.01), whereas, in G2 generation, high index line had comparatively higher per cent mortality (2.07) as compared to the low index lines (1.29). However, the overall mortality rate was reduced substantially over the two generations of divergent IC index based selection in broiler chicken. The present investigation revealed that selective breeding for better immunocompetence status using IC index could lead to better health status in terms of reduced mortality in broiler chicken.
Age, growth and mortality of karut croaker Johnius carutta Bloch, 1794 off Visakhapatnam, south-east coast of India
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2015) Swamy Kumar, M.; Rajeswari, G.; Kishore, B.
Age, growth and mortality parameters of karut croaker Johnius carutta were studied using the length data of 3,406 specimens ranging in length from 11 to 24.5 cm, collected from Visakhapatnam coast during January 2008 to December 2009. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated were L∞ = 26.7 cm, annual K= 0.67 y-1, to= -0.1366 and T max (longevity) = 4.3 years. Length attained by the end of the first, second, third and fourth years were estimated as 14.2, 20.3, 23.4 and 25.0 cm respectively. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 1.10, Total mortality (Z) 2.24 and fishing mortality (F) as 1.14. Exploitation rate (E) was 0.51. The growth performance index (Φ) for J. carutta (sexes pooled) was estimated as 2.679. The fishery was largely (91%) supported by first and second year age groups which are within the length groups from 13.5 to 18.9 cm.
Association of knowledge level of the farmers about sprinkler system of irrigation with independent variables in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan
(2016) Kumar, D.; Roy, A.; Mohanty, A.K.
Water beings a precious natural resource should be used economically in daily use as well as in irrigating the crops. Over irrigation and under-irrigation both may result in decreasing the yield of crop. Tremendously Proper and economical use of water would be advantageous to the farmers as well as it will help in bringing more land under cultivation. In order to use such a precious natural resource economically, sprinkler irrigation system was evolved about 55 years back. Rajasthan is such a state where water is a limiting resource, rains are uneven, drought is a recurring factor, and topography is undulating. Recently the sprinkler irrigation system is getting momentum in the state. But still the farmers are changed to age old pattern of irrigation which causes huge loss of water. The knowledge and attitude play an important role in adoption of improved practices. Keeping in mind the importance of knowledge and attitude, factors associated with attitude and constraints in its adoption, the present study entitled ‚A study on knowledge and adoption of sprinkler system of irrigation by the farmers in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan‛ is undertaken with the following specific objectives ‚To measure the knowledge level of the farmers about sprinkler system of irrigation‛.
Hypolipidaemic and anti-oxidative potential of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna) added vanilla chocolatemilk in high cholesterol fed rats
(Society of Chemical Industry, 2016) Sawale, P.D.; Pothuraju, R.; Hussain, S.A.; Anuj, K.; Kapila, S.; Patil, G.R.
Atherosclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and occurs in developing as well as developed countries. In the present investigation, hypolipidaemic and anti-oxidative properties of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna, 1.8%) added vanilla chocolate dairy drink was evaluated in high cholesterol fedWistar rats for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, a significant decrease in the body weight gain by rats receiving the encapsulated herb extract was noted as compared to high cholesterol fed rats. Administration of microencapsulated herb showed a statistically significant decrease in organweights (epididymal fat and liver). Moreover, a significant decrease in serum lipids such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic indexwas observed with encapsulated Terminalia arjuna extract in high cholesterol fed group. Increases in reduced glutathione and decreases in TBARS levels were also reported in both liver and red blood cell lysates with encapsulated herb supplementation. The results demonstrated that the bioactive components (phytosterols, flavanoids, saponins and tannins etc.) which are present in the encapsulated T. arjuna not onlywithstand the processing conditions but also are effectively released in the intestine and showtheireffects, such ashypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities, for better treating cardiovascular disease. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Process optimisation for ready to eat Tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in high impact polypropylene containers
(2017) Ammu, D.; Mohan, C.O.; Panda, S.K.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Gopal, T.K.S.
Tapioca is a traditional food and is considered as a delicacy in Kerala when taken along with fish curry. Edible tapioca was blanched in 0.1% guar gum and packed in HIPP containers by hot filling the brine solution. Dynopack sealing machine was used for sealing the top of HIPP trays using polyester coated with silicon dioxide/ nylon/cast polypropylene. They were processed in still water immersion retort at 121.1°C for different F0 values of 5, 6, 7 and 8 minutes. Based on the results of sensory evaluation and tests for commercial sterility an F0 value of 7 was optimised for the product. Upon thermal processing significant decrease (P<0.05) in hardness and chewiness was observed for tapioca.
Risks in rainfed agriculture and farmers’ adaptation practices: A case of cotton farmers of Maharashtra
(2017) Suresh, A.; Praveen, K.V.; Reddy, A.A.; Singh, D.R.
Variations in phytoplankton assemblages in different aquaculture systems in coastal waters of Goa
(2018) Lekshmi, N.M.; Sreekanth, G.B.; Singh, N.P.; Vennila, A.; Kumar, R.R.; Pandey, P.K.
The dynamics of phytoplankton were studied corresponding to the environmental conditions in different aquaculture systems from coastal waters of Goa for a period of two years. A total of 45,39,51 and 24 species were identified from open water system (OWS) with mussel culture, semi-enclosed water systems (SEW) with mussel culture SEW with multispecies culture and OWS with multispecies culture, respectively. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were the major groups in all the culture systems. Nutrients, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton biomass and diversity were significantly higher in semi-enclosed systems. This observations in semi-enclosed systems is inferred as a reaction to driving forces like polymixis, water-level changes and nutrient loading due to less flow rate in the system.
A strategic framework for technology valuation in agriculture and allied sectors in India- case study of chitosan
(2018) Samuel, M.P.; Sastry, R.K.; Pavani, S.
Standardized tools for valuation of agricultural technologies developed in National Agricultural Research System of India are featured in this study with a generalised framework. A valuation pyramid with several levels of qualitative and quantitative approaches was designed. The new framework was articulated by a case study on production of Chitin & Chitosan from crustacean waste, a technology of Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi. The value of the novel technology was calculated using various methods, customized for the specific domain. With few suppositions at every level of the process flow, the value worth of the technology was calculated using different methods. This system attempts to deliver a valuation practice which is suitable for most of the technologies coming up in the public agricultural research system.
Taxonomic differentiation of goatfishes (family-mullidae) based on morphological traits and hard parts
(2018) Ramteke, K.K.; Landge, A.J.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Deshmuke, D.; Renjith, R.K.
First record of escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, (Smith, 1843) from the Indian EEZ of Andaman sea
(2018) Nashad, M.; Shirke, S.S.; Pradeep, H.D.; Monalisha, S.D.
A single specimen of 485 mm total length, weighing 3.2 Kg was caught by a multiday longliner boat and landed at Junglighat fishing harbour, Port Blair on 24th July 2016. The specimen was collected from a depth of 530 to 660 m in the Andaman Sea
Comparative osteology based on premaxillary bone of sciaenids fishes found in Indian waters
(2018) Kumari, S.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Abidi, Z.J.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Kumar, T.; Kamei, G.
Risks and adaptation strategies in rainfed agriculture in India: an analysis
(2018) Praveen, K.V.; Suresh, A.; Reddy, A.A.; Singh, D.R.
Farmers in the rainfed regions of India have to routinely deal with risks from biotic and abiotic sources, that varies with the region and crop cultivated. An assessment of the risk sources and adaptation strategies is attempted in this paper using a total of 500 farmers combinedly from Maharashtra and Telangana. Data collected using a questionnaire in Likert scale format was analysed using principal component factor analysis. With regard to the willingness to take risk by the farmers, just below half of the farmers were risk averse. Issues faced by the farmers with regard to inputs, private information sources, public information sources, irrigation, non-institutional credit sources, custom hiring services, and institutional credit sources were perceived as major risk sources. Strategies perceived by farmers as important to adapt to the risk situations were identified as the ones related to varietal management, community support, price stabilisation mechanism, government support, and self-insurance.
Dietary L-Tryptophan potentiates non-specific immunity in Labeo rohita fingerlings reared under elevated temperature
(2018) Kumar, P.; Pal, A.K.; Sahu, N.P.; Jha, A.K.; Kumar, N.; Christina, L.; Priyadarshini, P.
At present environmental scenario global climate change is a reality and its affect all living organism including fish. The aquatic ecosystem is the most affected system as it is the biggest sink for global warming and elevated temperature and obviously affects all the aquatic life forms. With this hypothesis an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on Labeo rohita fingerlings and potential of dietary L-tryptophan (TRP) in mitigating the effects elevated temperature and enhancing the non-specific immunity. Seven hundred and twenty fishes were randomly distributed in three different thermal groups each with three replicates. The thermal groups were ambient temperature (26 °C), 34 and 38 °C. Then each thermal groups were fed with four different formulated diets containing 0. 0.36%, 0.72% and 1.44% TRP. The effect of dietary TRP supplementation was studied on stress responses, such as cortisol, blood glucose, histopathological changes in liver and kidney and immuno-hematological changes such as red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), lysozyme, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albuminglobulin ratio. Subsequently the treated fish were subjected to challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila. In the present study, primary stress markers were noticeably (p < 0.01) elevated with temperature stress and levels were reduced with nutritional supplementation of TRP. Similarly, immuno-hematological parameters were altered with the exposure of temeparture stress and got improved with dietary TRP supplementation. Results of the present study suggest that dietary supplementation of 1.44% tryptophan has definitive role in the mitigation of temperature stress and gives protection against bacterial infection to L. rohita.
Risk management in rainfed agriculture: an analysis of strategies and adaptations followed by farmers in Madhya Pradesh
(2018) Raghavendra, K.J.; Suresh, A.
Madhya Pradesh is the major producer of soybean in India. Being predominantly rainfed, the state faces high risks in its cultivation. The study undertook a primary survey in Madhya Pradesh to analyze the risk perception of farmers, elucidate the strategies followed by farmers to adapt with the risk and to identify the factors influencing their adoption. The results infer that late onset of monsoon, erratic rainfall and pest and diseases were the major risks. The major risks were related to untimely rainfall, drought and biotic factors like diseases and pest. The major adaptation strategies adopted were intercropping (49%), crop insurance (45%), micro irrigation (17%) and varietal diversification (39%). The study discerns need to develop drought tolerant varieties for rainfed regions, low cost micro-irrigation systems, enhanced credit availability to the farmers and promotion of crop insurance to adapt with production risks.
Evaluation of natural carotenoid sources from rosa hybrida varieties on growth and pigmentation of gold fish (Carassius auratus L.)
(2018) Danielle, F.; Safeena, S.A.; Lekshmi, N.M.; Chaki, S.; Sreekanth, G.B.; Singh, N.P.
The commercial value of goldfish (Carassius auratus) is determined by its attractive colour. Fish cannot synthesize carotenoids, and hence, natural sources of carotenoids are supplemented in the diet. In this study, rose petal meal from four varieties (Jubileums, Brisbane blush, Double delight and Restless) was added in three concentrations (2, 4 and 6 gkg-1) to the formulated control feed and fed to the goldfish, for 45 days. The results revealed that dietary carotenoids had a significant effect (P\0.001) on growth and pigmentation of goldfish. Increase in length and pigmentation was proportionate to concentration of supplements, 6 gkg-1 being most effective. The maximum increase in weight was observed at 4 gkg-1 concentration of supplements, with a limiting effect at higher concentrations. Research on the use of natural sources of carotenoids to influence growth and colouration is a significant development for the ornamental fisheries sector, to enhance quality and market value
Socio-economic determinants and adoption of pest management practices in cashew farming: A study in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka
(2018) Sajeev, M.V.; Saroj, P.L.
The existing technology utilization status and its socio-personal and economic determinants with respect to adoption of recommended pest management technologies were studied among cashew farmers in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka by using an ‘ex-postfacto cause to effect’ design. The findings denoted poor adoption index (20) with particularly high non-adoption for pest management of cashew stem and root borer (CSRB). The correlation analysis identified seven variables viz., farming experience (years), extension participation, importance given to cashew crop, number of yielding cashew trees, expenditure incurred in agriculture, net income from agriculture and net income from cashew farming as having significant relationship with farmers’ adoption of pest management technologies. The regression analysis revealed three variables, the age of cashew farmer, their primary occupation and farm size as contributing significantly in explaining the adoption of pest management technologies. The variables used in the study could together explain up to 60 per cent variability in adoption of pest management technologies. The stepwise regression model developed to predict adoption rate of pest management practices explained up to 46.4 per cent of the variation in adoption of pest management technologies using the predictors; number of cashew trees (X1), years of experience in farming (X2), ICT usage (X3), primary occupation of farmer(X4), income from agriculture (X5) and age of the farmer (X6). Understanding the technology utilization process in cashew can help researchers and development agencies working in cashew sector to evolve better technologies for pest management.
Length-weight relationship of selected commercially important marine fishes from east coast of India
(2019) Naik, R.N.; Ghosh, S.; Sreedhar, U.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Shenoy, L.
The paper deals with length-weight relationship (LWR) of selected commercially important marine fishes from the east-coast of India. Samples were collected fortnightly from experimental fishing using trawl operated at depth up to 70 M off Vishakhapatnam coast on the east-coast of India during 2015-17. Measurements of total length (TL) (nearest to 0.1 cm) and body weight (nearest to 0.1 g) of individual fish were taken. The LWR showed good fit with r2 values ranging from 0.975 for Lepturacanthus savala Cuvier, 1829 to 0.999 for Upeneus vittatus Forsskål, 1775. The ‘b’ values ranged from 2.618 for Photopectoralis bindus Valenciennes, 1835 to 3.186 for L. savala Cuvier, 1829.
Evaluation of static and flow-through depuration system on depuration of naturally contaminated farmed edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston, 1916)
(Elsevier, 2021) Chinnadurai S; Elavarasan, K.; V,Geethalakshmi; Kripa, V.; Mohamed, K. S.
Depuration of naturally contaminated farmed edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis was evaluated using fill and draw depuration system (FDDS) and flow-through depuration system (FTDS) to ensure food safety in oyster consumption. Depuration conducted at room temperature with seawater salinity ranges 30–35 psu and pH of 7.5–8.0. Prior to depuration, the levels of faecal indicator bacteria (<230 MPN/100 g) and toxic metals including Pb (2 mg/kg) and Cu (3 mg/kg) were above the acceptable limits. Other metals such as Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Zn were also investigated. The results of the investigation pointed out that, both the depuration methods could significantly (p < 0.01) reduce the bacterial and heavy metal contamination from oyster samples, though there was no significant difference between the two methods with respect to efficacy (FDDS and FTDS). Significant differences were also found in reduction of toxic metals such as Pb and Cu (p < 0.05) as a function of depuration duration. To reduce the toxic Pb levels to the acceptable limit, 16 h of depuration was required in FTDS whereas FDDS oysters required 48 h of depuration. The FTDS and FDDS required 24 and 36 h of depuration respectively to reach the acceptable limit of E. coli. Visualisation by PC plots clearly separated the investigated samples according to depuration method and duration, thus indicating the effect of treatment methods on depuration. We recommend FDDS for bacterial and heavy metal depuration in oysters owing to its comparatively lower cost, even though FTDS depuration was faster in reducing the bacterial and metal contents in oysters.

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