FT Vol.44(2)

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    An analysis of the contribution of fisheries to the economic development of kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Nair, V.R.; Unnithan, G.R.
    Fisheries has been a traditional enterprise in Kerala with a contribution of 1.95% to the NSDP during 2003-04. The state has built an impressive infrastructure both in fish and fish processing sector The sector provides employment to more than one million people either directly or indirectly. This article outlines the impact of fisheries on the development of economy of the state and suggests measures to achieve the targets to ensure a viable fisheries sector.
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    Influence of Extract Isolated from the Plant Sesuvium portulacastrum on Growth and Metabolism in Freshwater Teleost, Labeo rohita (Rohu)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Johnson, Cyril; Banerji, A
    Fishmeal, containing high protein content is becoming very expensive and the search for locally available growth enhancing plant extracts has gained wide acceptance in the present aquaculture scenario. Crude aqueous extract of a plant Sesuvium portulacastrum (Linn) at 10% concentration was evaluated for its effect on growth of Labeo rohita by incorporation in diet. The growth performance was evaluated for a period of 90 days in three phases of 30 days duration. Parameters like length, weight, food conversion efficiency (FCE), food assimilation efficiency (FAE), specific growth rate (SGR), protein and nucleic acid contents were studied. The results indicated significant enhancement of growth in L. rohita fed with diet containing S. portulacastrum extract
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    Efficacy of heat treatment of salt contaminated with salinicoccus roseus on the shelf life of cured ribbonfish (trichiurus upturns) linnaeus 1758
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2007) Prasad, M.M.; Thampuran, N.; Seenayya, G.
    In the present study, the quality and shelf life of salt cured ribbonfish (Trichiurus lepturus) using heat-treated salt artificially contaminated with known density of Salinicoccus roseus was carried out. To determine whether crystal size of the salt had any effect on the quality of cured fish, semi-ground salt was used along with crystalline (natural) salt. Salinicoccus roseus, a dominant halophilic bacteria among red halophiles isolated from the commercial salt-cured fish showing red discoloration, was used to contaminate the sterile crystalline and semi-ground salts. The salts were further heat treated to test the efficacy of heat treatment of the salt on the bacteria. Shelf life studies were carried till signs of spoilage were evident. During the storage period, total bacterial count, moisture, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were monitored at three months intervals for one year. During three months of storage, TVN in ribbon fish cured with crystalline salt (control) reached 416.7 mg N% from an initial value of 25.33 mg N%. On the contrary, ribbon fish cured with heat treated crystalline salt (CS) and semi-ground (SS) salt had TVN 204.82 and 168.48 mg N% after 6 and 12 months storage periods respectively. The treatment effect in terms of TVN was 0.62 and 0.65 for CS and SS cured ribbon fish. The peroxide values (PV) increased in crystalline salt cured (control) samples from an initial value of 31.46 to 235 milliequivalents of O sub(2) per Kg of fat at the end of three month storage period. However, these values were 288.46 and 127 milliequivalents of O sub(2) per Kg of fat for heat treated CS and SS cured ribbon fish after 6 and 12 months storage period, respectively. The treatment effect in relation to PV was 0.60 and 0.90 for CS and SS cured ribbon fish. The present study revealed that heat treatment of solar salt used for curing of fish enhanced the shelf life of cured fish from 6 to 12 months when compared to the control. The use of semi-ground salt for curing of fish has the added advantage of superior quality, treatment effectiveness and longer shelf life than that of crystalline salt cured fishes.
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    Traditional Riverine Fish Catching Devices of Assam
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Rahman, Seydur; Islam, Riyajul; Chetia, Pankaj; Barbhuiya, Masuk Ahmed; Arifuddin, Arifuddin; Barbhuiya, Anjam Hussain; Kar, Devashish
    Traditional riverine fish catching devices operated in the Barak, Dhaleswari, Jatinga, Brahmaputra, Dhansiri and Dorika rivers, in Assam have been studied with regard to their structure, operation and productivity. The study revealed the occurrence of 18 types of fish catching devices, which have been categorized into seven groups, viz., (i) hook and line gear (lar barshi and kupa barshi), (ii) traps (dori, polo, dhu, hogra and chairon jal), (iii) towed gear (km jal and pelain jal), (iv) dip nets (dheki jal and dorar jal), (v) entangling gillnets (patan jal ), (vi) seines (maha jal, pan jal and basta jal) and (vii) falling gears (jhaki jal, rekh jal and utar jal). The trap polo of river Dorika obtained the highest catch per man-hour (22.52 kg) followed by jhaki jal in river Brahmaputra (1.11 kg) and polo in river Barak (1.00 kg). Maha jal, though a massive gear, has given poor catch per man-hour (< 0.005 kg).
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    Post harvest losses at various marketing channels in inland fisheries sector
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Jeeva, J.C.; khasim, D.I.; Srinath, K.; Unnithan, G.R.; Murthy, K.L.N.; Rao, M.T.
    An attempt has been made in this study to assess the post harvest fish losses at various marketing channels in inland fisheries sector. The study was conducted in five field centres viz., Kakinada, Rajahmundry, Eluru, Akiveedu and Bhimavaram, in East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. The samples of respondents were selected using two-stage sampling, simple random sampling without replacement and stratified random sampling methods. Data from the selected respondents were collected at weekly intervals through interview method, using structured interview schedules. The percentage losses were found to be 0.29 at packaging centres, 0.19 to 1.57 at pre-processing units, 0.15 to 0.54 at processing units, 1.42 to 10.98 at wholesale markets, 2.96 at retail markets, 4.10 to 5.52 at the level of vendors and 2.22 at live fish transportation centres. The causes have also been discussed in the light of this study.
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    Shore seines of Visakhapatnam in the east coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Rajeswari, G.; Prakash, R.R.
    The Shore seines are traditional gears used to exploit the inshore fishery along East Coast of Andhra Pradesh. This gear varies in their construction and mode of operation from one region to another. Two types of seines are operated along the Visakhapatnam Coast. The seines operated without cod end are locally called as Alivi vala. The Seines operated with cod end are called Pedda vala. The paper gives technical details of the two types of shore seines, its design, materials used, method of fabrication and operation.
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    A Profile of Mechanised Fishing Activities based at Cochin fisheries Harbour, Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Boopendranath, M.R.; Hameed, M.H.
    Cochin Fisheries Harbour situated at Thoppumpady (Kerala, India}, was commissioned in September 1978 and function under the administrative control of Cochin Port Trust. A profile of mechanised fishing activities, based at Cochin Fisheries Harbour is presented in this paper, based on investigations conducted during 1997-98. During the period of investigations, 1543 mechanised fishing vessels were registered with the Port, of which 931 (60.3%) were in active operation. Three types• of vessels were operating from this harbour. These included 72.4% trawlers, 22.6% gillnetter-cum-liners and 5.0% purse seiners. Trawlers operating from the harbour ranged from 9.1 to 16.0 m LoA (89-122 hp), gillnetter-cum-liners and 5.0% purse seiners. Trawlersoperating from the harbour ranged from 9.1 to 16.0 m LoA (89-122 hp), gillnetter-cum-liners 7.1-14.0 m L0A {<60-99 hp) and purse sieners (12.1-19.0 m L0A (106-235 hp). Mean catch per year of the trawlers and gillnetter-cum-liners were 52.8 t and 32.83 t, respectively. Mean catch per year varied from 277.6 to 340.5 t, in the case purse seiners, depending on the type and installed engine horse power of the seiners. Salient features of the fishing craft, fishing gear, and fish production• of these three categories of fishing vessels are discussed.
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    Efficiency of Women and Men in Hand-picking of Shrimps in Traditional Farms in Vypeen Island
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Pravin, P.; Ravindran, K.
    Fishing without gear is an age old practice and is the simplest form of fishing since ancient times. Fishing, by hand-picking is being carried out both in the marine and inland sectors
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    Quality profile of the smoke cured freshwater prawns sold in interior markets of western Orissa
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Prasad, M.M.; Bandyopadhyay, J.K.; Thampuran, N.
    Smoke curing of fresh water prawn is an age-old practice prevalent in Orissa. In the present study different quality parameters of smoke cured freshwater prawns sold in interior retail markets of Orissa are reported. The bacteriological analyses of the smoked prawn samples revealed the occurrence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (3.9 to 6.0 log cfu/g), fecal coliforms (2.78 to 5.9 log cfu/g), fecal streptococci (4.64 to 5.98 log cfu/g), staphylococci (4.20 to 6.72 log cfu/g) and coagulase positive staphylococci (4.36 to 4.78 log cfu/g). The average occurrence of total staphylococci was found to be 6.27 log cfu/g which is far beyond the permitted levels. The moisture contents of the samples varied from 8.43 to 14.95% with an average of 9.59%, fat content from 3.88 to 7.96% with an average of 5.35%, total volatile nitrogen 28.66 to 47.35 mg% with an average of 36.03 mg% and alpha amino nitrogen from 233.24 to 493.14 mg% with an ('lverage of 394.57 mg%. Among the samples studied, 41.66% contained miscellaneous fish a..11d 50o/o had un\"Janted materials. One sample showed insect infestation also. Sensory evaluation studies on a 10-point hedonic scale revealed that the over all mean scores ranged from 5.38 to 7 07, with majority (75%) of the samples scoring 6 points. In view of occurrence of S. aureus in high numbers to an extent of becoming hazardous to human health, an overall quality upgradation of the smoked product is advocated.
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    Investigation on the Shelf Life and Changes of Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in Frozen Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Hedayatifard, M; Yousefian, M
    A study was carried out on the shelf life, fatty acid composition and changes in lipid profile of Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the Southern Caspian Sea for twelve months in frozen storage at -220C. Fresh fish tissue had 84.41% unsaturated fatty acids whereas in the case of twelve month frozen samples it was 77.45%. Significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was present in the samples. The amount of tissue lipid (9.71%) and co- 3 fatty acids (16.64%) has come down to 8.03 and 8.98%, respectively during frozen storage. The peroxide value increased to 20.11 meq/kg by twelve months in frozen storage from the initial level of 7.24 meq/kg. There were significant variations in the amount of some fatty acids like myristic, a - linolenic and arachidonic acids. Significant difference was also observed in co-3 and co-6 fatty acids series during frozen storage. The results of this study indicate that the maximum shelf life for Sturgeon is up to six-months in frozen storage.
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    Storage Characteristics of Restructured Ready-to-Cook Imitation Shrimp Fingers under Refrigerated Storage at 40C
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Alamelu, V; Shanmugam, S.A; Rajagopalsamy, C.B.T; Velayutham, P
    The imitation shrimp fingers (ISF) prepared from Nemipterus bleekeri were packed in air pack and vacuum pack and stored at 40C. Quality characteristics viz. proximate composition, biochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics were investigated and shelf life determined. Salt (NaCl) concentration of 1.5% with sucrose concentration of 1% and setting process at 40oC with 20 min duration were found to be optimum for good gel formation. The moisture, protein, fat and ash contents remained almost unchanged during storage. pH gradually decreased while TMA-N and TVB-N contents increased during storage period. Microbial parametrs such as total plate count, staphylococcal count and psychrophilic counts also increased significantly. Organoleptic evaluation revealed that the air packed samples had the storage life of 15 days while vacuum packed samples had the shelf life of 18 days. One day icing of fish before processing did not affect the quality of ISF under same experimental conditions
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    Fishing Gears used by Riparian Fishers Posing Threat to the Conservation of Rare Fish Fauna in North Bihar
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) Venna, Anand Mohan
    Riparian fishers, the hunters of wild fish fauna over generations adopted different techniques and gears for capturing fishes in different parts of the world. In this study different fishing gears used by Riparian fishers of north Bihar harvest for harvesting the fishes in the lotic water system are described. Traps of different shapes and sizes are used throughout the year to trap the fishes which account to majority of carnivorous types. The trapping of fishes was maximum during night but low during day. Wanton killing of juveniles and fingerlings of commercially important Indian major carps and low priced fishes can reduce the potentiality of riverine fish yield and also diminish the population of future brood fishes considerably
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    Incidence of lead, cadmium and mercury in freshwater fish from Saurashtra region of Gujarat (India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (Indian), 2007) Zynudheen, A.A.; Ninan, G.
    The edible meat from fresh water fish viz., Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), fresh water cat fish (Wallago attu) and minor carp (Puntius spp.) from different reservoirs of Gujarat, India were analysed for the presence of heavy metals of human health significance. Cadmium levels in these samples were in the range of 0.01 to 0.13 ppm and lead was in the range 0.01 to 0.51 ppm. Mercury was detected in 48% of the samples analysed. Generally, the observed levels of heavy metals in all the samples were well below the maximum residual levels permissible in national and international standards and is not a health hazard to the consumers. However, the pattern of heavy metal incidence could not derive any specific relationship between different species, locations or season.
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    Simulated Live Transportation of Fishes in Tanks Under Light and Dark Conditions
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2007) MR, Raghunath; Hemaprasanth, Hemaprasanth; N, Sridhar; C.R, Chitra; K., Ganesh
    Live fish command higher price in the fresh fish market than dead iced fish. Preliminary trials were held to find the effect of light and dark conditions on live fish transportation for the fresh fish market. Sub-adult Rohu (Labeo rohita) of 220-250g were held at high density (130 fish.m"3) in aquarium and plastic tank to simulate live fish transportation conditions. The effect of light and dark conditions on oxygen consumption, ammonia build-up, pH and temperature were monitored during the study. Average rates of decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) were highest under full light conditions (3.2ppm DO.h"1) followed by semi dark and least in fully dark conditions (1.94 ppm DO.h"1). Similar results were seen when fish were held in plastic tanks as well. Increased levels of salinity in water decreased the DO depletion rates (1.5-1.98 ppm DO.h"1). Ammonia concentrations increased rapidly under fully dark conditions in presence of 0.9 and 1.1% salt (0.8-1.59 ppm NHj.h"1). Lowest rates of increase in ammonia concentrations were seen under full light conditions (0.68 ppm NHj.h"1). The pH under all conditions of holding decreased steadily in spite of the increase in ammonia. It is concluded that dark conditions are beneficial for live fish transportation provided the fecal matter could be removed effectively to counter the build-up of ammonia.
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    Studies of the physical properties of the extruded fish products employing a single screw extruder
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2007) Kamalakanth, C.K.; Asees, C.K.A.; Jose, L.; Gopal, T.K.S.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Joseph, A.C.
    The necessity and the importance of value added products are growing rapidly during the last few decades, which helped to popularize modern technologies like extrusion. In the present study less utilized pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) was blended with the corn starch to produce 'Spaghetti' typed extruded product using single screw extruder. Standardization was done with increasing concentrations of fish mince. Physical properties like bulk density, linear expansion, colour etc., were found to be changed by the increase in the concentration of the fish muscle in the premix. It was found that premix with 10% fish mince had better. physical properties like colour, linear expansion, shearing force etc.