2004

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    Induced Ovulation in Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) with Three Native GnRH Peptides
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Pillai, Devika; Alok, Deoraj; Garg, Lalit C
    The effect of three native GnRH peptides, viz; salmon GnRH (sGnRH), mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH II (cGnRH II), on spawning of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) was compared. D-Lys6sGnRH, was used as the control. The peptides were synthesized by the Merrifield solid phase method, purified by HPLC and reconstituted in saline. The fish were injected intramuscularly. cGnRH II was more potent than both sGnRH and mGnRH in inducing spawning in this species of catfish. There was no significant difference in the average diameter of the egg obtained using the three peptides
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    Status of Epifaunal Component in the Bottom Trawl Discards Along Kerala Coast (South India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Kurup, B. Madhusoodana; Premlal, Premlal; Thomas, Joice V.; Anand, Vijay
    An attempt was made to quantify the epifauna hauled by the bottom trawlers and discarded in to the sea along the coastal waters of Kerala on the basis of data generated onboard. The epifauna thrown back into the sea from bottom trawlers during 2000-01 and 2001-02 were computed at 1.68 and 1.31 lakh tons respectively. The epifaunal discards comprised of 13 species of finfishes, 23 species of gastropods, 14 species of crabs, 4 species of shrimps, 2 species of stomatopods and 3 species of echinoderms. Highest quantity of epifaunal discards during the period was observed during January (27072 tons) and April (21514 tons) respectively. Highest catch per hour of discards was recorded in monsoon season, 42.64 kg/h in 2001-01 and 41.37 kg/h in 2001-02. Catch per unit of discards in bottom trawlers was highest in August during both the years registering 531.09 and 543.23 kg respectively.
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    Influence of Socio Economic Variables on Level of Adoption of Prawn/Fish Pickle Making Technology
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Ponnusamy, K; Jayanthi, M; Kumaran, M; Thenmathi, N
    The study attempts to explore the level of adoption of prawn/fish pickle making technology by coastal fisherwomen and the influence of socio economic variables on the adoption. Level of education, social participation, extension agency contact, mass media exposure, risk orientation and economic motivation were found to be the factors influencing awareness, knowledge level and adoption of the technology
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    Nutrient Dynamics in the Floodplain Wetlands of West Bengal
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Das, A.K
    The results of the study on the nutrient dynamics of eleven floodplain wetlands (beels) in West Bengal are reported. In the beels of Dinajpur phosphorus has become a limiting factor for production due to acidic soil (pH 5.6-5.9}. Total nitrogen was significantly high in most of the beels especially during monsoon and post-monsoon months. Majority of the beels were infested with macrophytes in the littoral zones. A significantly high concentration of essential nutrients was recorded in the weed infested littoral areas while they were less in the weedfree limnetic zones. The C/N ratio was recorded in the production range (5-13) in many of the beels except in weed-chocked Nehali beel where the ratio was extremely high (39-55) owing to the accumulation of undecomposed organic matters at the bottom.
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    Biochemical changes in fish feeds and ingredients during storage
    (Society of Fisheries Techonologists (India), 2004) Kavitha, O.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Nair, P.G.V.
    The changes in major biochemical components of three fish feeds (1000 Grower 15+, 3000 Grower and 6000 Grower A) and three feed ingredients (Indian fish meal, Danish fish meal and wheat flour) during storage for six months are reported. There was no significant change in total protein content either in fish feeds or their ingredients during the storage period. But a significant reduction in crude fat content was noticed in both feeds and ingredients upon storage. Histamine content! of feeds and their ingredients was found to be increasing till the fourth month of storage. Significant decline in the levels of various amino acids was also observed. Unsaturated fatty acids and most of the saturated fatty acids decreased in stored ingredients. But in feeds only a marginal decrease in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids was observed. The results indicate that storage considerably reduces the nutritive value of the feeds and at the same time produces toxic compounds such as biogenic amines.
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    Heat penetration characteristics and shelf life studies of seer fish moilee packed in retort pouch
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2004) Manju, S.; Sonaji, E.R.; Leema, J.; Srinivasa Gopal, T.K.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Vijayan, P.K.
    Flexible retort pouch is an ideal alternative to metal containers for heat-processed foods. This paper reports a study on fish moilee processed in retort pouch and its shelf life evaluation for 19 months. Seer fish (Scomberomorus guttatus) was processed by frying. About 90g fried fish and 140g of moilee medium were packed in retort pouch of 12.5 1 polyester/12.5p aluminium foil/80µ cast polypropylene having size 17x15.5 cm. Air inside the pouch was exhausted by steam injection, heat-sealed and heat processed at 121.1°C to an Fo 8.15 and total process time (B) of 48.3 min. The product remained sterile throughout the storage period. Shelf life studies showed that samples stored at ambient temperature (27±1°C) were acceptable and had good sensory attributes up to 18 months whereas samples stored at 37°C were acceptable only up to 10 months.
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    The sensitivity of mucor to preservatives
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2004) Chakrabarti, R.; Varma, P.R.G.
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    Properties of washed mince (surimi) from fresh and chill stored black tilapia oreochromis mossambicus (peters 1852)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2004) George, N.; Bindu, J.; Jose, J.
    Surimi was prepared from black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) after storing the fish in ice for different periods. Two washing cycles were given under two different mince / water wash ratios, viz., 1:2 and 1:3. The yield of surimi was lowest in 0 day-iced samples. Zero and 1 day iced fish were found to be ideal for the preparation of surimi, while an overall decline in the quality of the surimi prepared from 2 day iced specimens was noticed. The gel strength and compressibility of tilapia surimi were higher than that from Indian major carps and were comparable to that of surimi from marine species. Two successive washings at a mince: water ratio of 1:2 (w/v) for a period of 5 min. each was found to be ideal for optimum yield and quality of the surimi.
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    Quality of Shrimps Landed in Different Fish Landing Centers of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Antony, M. Michael; Jeyasekaran, G; Shakila, R. Jeya
    A comparative study on the quality of shrimps landed in four fish landing centers (Therespuram, Punnakayal, Tuticorin fishing harbour and Tharuvaikulam) of Tuticorin region was investigated. The shrimps collected from the landing centers scored an overall sensory score of > 7.0 out of 10.0. Most of the shrimps (80%) collected had TMA-N content more than 5 mg%. TVB-N content of only 40% of the shrimps exceeded the limit of 30 mg%. Indole was higher than 3.1|jg/100g in all the samples, but within 25 tig/100g. The total bacterial load of 75% of shrimps were within the acceptable level of 105 cfu/g. Total and faecal coliforms and E. coli counts of shrimps of Therespuram were quite high. Staphylococcus aureus counts were high in shrimps of Punnakayal. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts were almost similar in all the samples. V. cholerae, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes were absent in all the shrimp samples examined. The shrimps landed in Tharuvaikulam had a better quality when compared to the shrimps landed in the other three fish landing centers.
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    Breeding Performance of Catla, Catla catla (Ham.) Fed with Different Formulated Diets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Manissery, J.K; Venkateshmurthy, K; Gangadhara, B; Nandeesha, M.C
    Breeding performance of catla, (Catla catla) was assessed through feeding trial for three months. Test diets with 30% protein (diet B) and 35% protein (diet C) were developed using a combination of rice bran, groundnut cake and fish meal. The proportion of these ingredients was reduced in diet D and replaced with horse gram, black gram, broken cake, rice and maize. Control diet (diet A) having 25% protein was formulated with 1:1 mixture of rice bran and groundnut oil. The breeding weight loss in females was lower (P<0.05) in treatments A (7.43%) and D (6.37%) and higher in treatments B (8.36%) and C (9.00%) and the difference was significant (P< 0.05). Fecundity, fertilization, hatching and length and weight of hatchlings were the lowest (P<0.05) in fish fed diet A and did not vary (P>0.05) between treatments B and C. Diet D performed superior to diet A in terms of fecundity, percentage of fertilization and hatching and length and weight of hatchlings. Among the different treatments, the highest weight of hatchlings was recorded in treatment D.
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    Analysis of Borrowings and Repayment of Fisherfolk in Selected Fishing Villages of Tamilnadu
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Senthilathiban, R; Kumar, M. Raja; Kumar, R.K. Ram
    A study on the borrowings and repayment of fisherfolk in two fishing villages in Kanyakumari district of Tamilnadu was taken up. The purpose-wise and source-wise borrowings and the source-wise repayment of the fishermen respondents were analysed. The factors affecting the borrowings and indebtedness of fishermen respondents are presented
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    Awareness and Perception of Shrimp Farmers on Feeds and Feed Management
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Kumaran, M.K; Kalaimani, N; Vimala, D. Deborai
    The study reports results of the survey on shrimp farmers regarding awareness on feeds and feed management. 60% of the farmers has moderate and 32% of them had good awareness about feeds and their management. The respondents perceived that availability and cost of feed were high. However, it was felt that the respondents needed guidance on better feed management practices through extensive education programmes
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    Dietary Supplementation of a- and (i- Chitosan and Growth and Blood Cell Composition in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Victor, B; Ramesh, U; Arachi, J.M.A. Prabhu; Mannan, M. Mannar
    Fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio L. were reared on four supplementary feeds containing 1% each of a-chitin, a-chitosan, P-chitin and -chitosan for a period of 90 days. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in weight gain of fish fed with a- and (J-chitosan supplemented diets. Diets containing 1% a-chitosan gave food conversion ratio (FCR) 1.16, protein efficiency ratio (PER) 2.11 and protein productive value (PPV) of 14.62. Fish survival ranged from 73-93% in treated fingerlings, while it was only 67% in control. The values of total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were significant in the test groups treated with dietary a-chitosan. An overall improvement in the fish health was observed in the treated groups, a- and P-chitosan can be used as immunomodulatory feed additive in carp nutrition.
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    A simple process for the uttilization of small bony fish as edible fish powder
    (Society of fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2004) Chattopadhyaya, A.K.; Rao, B.M.; Gupta, S.
    A simple process was developed to convert low value, small bony fish to nutritionally rich edible fish powder without deboning the fish. Dressed and beheaded silver bellies were processed in autoclave at 15 psi for 45 min and dried to moisture below 6%, ground well and packed. The yield of the fish powder varied between 10 to 12% of raw whole fish. Protein, calcium and phosphorus content of edible fish powder were 62.52%, 1310.96mg/100g and 2859.02mg/100g, respectively. The product was acceptable even upto five months. There was no significant variation in crude protein, calcium and phosphorus contents during storage. TVBN, PV, FFA, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and pathogenic coagulase positive Staphylococci, APC and TYM count were monitored at monthly intervals. The edible fish powder finds use as a fortifying agent to improve the food value and taste of different food items.
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    Hypoxic Tolerance of the Young ones of Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Sreelatha, S.L
    Maximum tolerance to hypoxia until asphyxiation (loss of equilibrium) in the case of young ones of sea bass, Lates calcarifer was found in sea water, brackish water and freshwater at 30oC and 350C. The hypoxic tolerance observed was comparatively high in sea water, followed by brackish water and freshwater at both 30oC and 350C. The tolerance limit observed was more in sea water, possibly due to less osmoregulation in the natural habitat or due to the metabolic homeostasis.
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    Predictive testing of seafood cans and pouches by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2004) Ashraf, P.M.; Ravishankar, C.N.
    Studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of retortable pouches and coated food cans using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). New unused retortable pouches and tin free steel cans were compared with the corresponding processed seafood cans for impedance. The pore resistance (Rp) of lids of tin free steel cans was reduced significantly on storage compared to the body which implies that the former was more susceptible for corrosion and deterioration. Processed retort pouches were superior to cans after two years of storage, which follows equivalent circuit RC. See-through pouches have about 2% reduction in pore resistance after thirteen months compared to the unused pouches The results reveal that EIS studies can be used for predicting the quality of cans and pouches.
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    A Simple Model for Predicting Upwelling Status along Visakhapatnam Coast
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Vijayakumaran, K
    The variations in water mass characteristics of temperature, salinity and density over 12 year period (1986-1997) from a near-shore station are presented to delineate the phenomenon of upwelling off Visakhapatnam. The spatial variation in the parameters during upwelling months for a limited period was examined to justify the selection of a near-shore station for predicting the status of upwelling. A simple model to predict upwelling status based on Knudsen's hydrographic calculations and La Fond's classification of water masses was constructed and the algorithm presented. The utility of the model is briefly mentioned
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    Studies on the Electrophoretic Pattern of Proteins in Frozen Stored Fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Chummar, Bomy; Nambudiri, D.D; Sherief, P.M
    To find out the effect of frozen storage on fish proteins, two species Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) and Labeo rohita (Hamilton - Buchanan) were stored for 90 days at -180C after freezing at -40oC. Samples were collected at 15-day intervals and Salt Soluble Protein (SSP), Water Soluble Protein (WSP) and Non Protein Nitrogen (NPN) content of the samples were determined. Electrophoretic pattern of both SSP and WSP of frozen stored samples were compared with that of the fresh samplei SSP, WSP and NPN content showed significant decrease during 90 days frozen storage period. However, the electrophoretic pattern of WSP remained almost the same throughout the frozen storage period with some minor bands becoming less intense with storage period. Electrophoretic pattern of SSP showed a major change in the myosin heavy chain, which became narrower and less intense with the concomitant appearance of high molecular weight protein aggregate at the top of the gel.
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    Fish Protein Dispersion as a Coating to Prevent Quality Loss in Processed Fishery Products
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2004) Kakatkar, A.S; Sherekar, S.V; Venugopal, V
    The conventional technique of water glazing has limitation in protecting the products during prolonged frozen storage. A novel fish protein glaze was devised and its superior protective ability in retarding quality losses of frozen fish items as compared with water glazing is demonstrated. The methodology for fish protein glaze preparation involved soaking of fish meat in pieces in excess cold water followed by soaking in dilute acetic acid to induce hydration of proteins resulting in gel formation. Finally hydrated gel was homogenized in water to get protein dispersion to an apparent viscosity of 1 Pa.s. The fish samples were given a dip in dispersions prepared from the same fish meat. Glazing of frozen mince muscle blocks of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) by a dispersion prepared from mackerel myofibrillar proteins significantly reduced lipid oxidation and dehydration in the product during sfbrage at -170C. Influence of glazing alone or in combination with low dose gamma irradiation was also examined on the shelf life of seer fish (Scomberomorus guttatus) steaks stored in ice. It was observed that while untreated steaks had a shelf life of 15 days, the steaks displayed extension in shelf of 5 and 15 days when subjected to glazing alone or glazing in combination with gamma irradiation at IkGy respectively