FT Vol.39(1)

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    Arylsulfatase Activity in the Gut Microflora of Fish and Shellfish of Veli Lake, Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Dhevendaran, K; Maya, K
    Moraxella sp.. Vibrio sp. and Micrococcus sp. were isolated from representative cultures derived from Villorita cyprinoides, Therapon jarbua and Penaeus indicus caught from Veli lake in Kerala (India). pH optimum for Moraxella sp. was at 5.6 whereas it was 7 for Vibrio sp. and Micrococcus sp. Maximum growth of Moraxella sp. and Micrococcus sp. was at pH 5.6 and that of Vibrio sp., at pH 7.0. Optimum temperature for Micrococcus sp. was 29°C and for both Vibrio sp. and Moraxella sp., 370C. The elevated arylsulfatase activity in these strains was found to vary with the addition of amino acids, organic and inorganic salts. Of these, phosphate was the key factor determining the type of arylsulfatase and inhibited the enzyme activity at 0.05M concentration in Moraxella sp. and Vibrio sp. and at 0.2M concentration in Micrococcus sp. Optimum buffer molarity was 0.1M when nitrocatechol sulfate was used as the substrate. The growth and enzyme activity of gut microflora were inhibited under growing conditions by the addition of heavy metals. Observations suggest that gut flora decompose esters of sulfuric acid thereby assisting digestion and metabolism of host fish and shellfish.
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    Effect of Plant Proteins in Iso-caloric Feeds on Growth Performance of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium idae (Heller)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Haniffa, M.A; Sethuramalingam, T.A; Selvan, S. Arul; Raj, A. Jesu Arockia
    Macrobrachium idae juveniles (0.9 - 1.3 g) were fed on eight formulated diets containing 32-42% crude protein to assess their growth performance. Prawns fed on groundnut oil cake meal (GOC) and soybean meal (SBM) showed the best growth rate (SGR) (0.46 and 0.43%.day"1, respectively), food conversion ratio (FCR) (2.16 and 2.53, respectively) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (0.84 and 0.78, respectively). Hydrilla verticellata (HV) and drumstick leaves (DRM) diets resulted in poor growth and decreased PER and SGR with elevated FCR. The efficiency of absorption and net conversion ranged between 84-90% and 3.81-7.8%, respectively. Increase in dietary protein content (3-8%) produced elevated growth rates and protein efficiency ratio. The dietary protein-energy ratio for maximum growth of prawns was 97.2 mg.kcal"1 with a digestible energy of 431 kcal.lOOg"1 of feed
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    Effect of Square Mesh Panels on Catches of Stationary Bag Net in Hooghly Estuary
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Kathavarayan, E; Dora, K.C; Mukherjee, C.K
    Effect of incorporation of square mesh panels in stationary bag nets operated in Hooghly estuary (West Bengal) on fish landings was studied through comparative fishing experiments. The results showed that catches of juveniles of prawns and finfishes was significantly lower in the experimental gear with square mesh panels of 20 mm bar mesh size, compared to the control net. 50% retention lengths (L ) of Metapenaeus sp. and Macrobrachium mirabk, Macrobrachium lamerri and sciaenids were also higher in the experimental bag net compared to the control net. Results indicated that provision of square mesh panels in bag nets would help in the conservation and management of estuarine fishery resources
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    Effectiveness of Fish Aggregating Devices in Freshwater Reservoir Fishery
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Madhavan, N; Neethiselvan, N
    Two types of bottom set Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs), one of pyramidal shape and another of semi-prismatic shape were constructed using used tyres having a total outer surface area of 60 m2 . They were tested for their aggregating efficiency in an artificial freshwater reservoir stocked with freshwater carps such as catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and silver carp (Hypopthalmicthys molitrix). The gill net catch around FADs and in non-FAD sites showed significant difference. Pyramidal FAD of 1.6 m height with tyres arranged in vertical orientation attracted more of surface feeders such as catla and silver carp compared to semi-prismatic FAD of 1.3 m height with tyres arranged in horizontal pattern. The gill net catch around pyramidal FAD was significantly higher than that of semiprismatic FAD. The use of pyramidal FAD to improve catch per unit effort of gill netting in perennial reservoirs of the country, is suggested
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    Modified Extensive Culture of Penaeus monodon Using Indigenous Feed
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Jose, Susheela; Nair, K.G. Ramachandran; Mathew, P.T.; Stephen, Jose; Madhavan, P
    Short-term monoculture of Penaeus monodon was done using an indigenously developed feed to evaluate the efficiency of the feed with respect to growth, survival, production, food conversion ratio and cost benefit ratio. P. monodon post-larvae were stocked at the rate of 5 nos.m"2 (12 mm; 7 mg) during 1995 and 3 nos.m 2 (15 mm; 10 mg) during 1996. The feeding schedule and other management practices were identical in both the trials. The . shrimps were harvested at the end of 85 days and a production of 732.5 kg.ha"1 (average size: 150 mm; 20 g) was obtained in 1995 and 647.5 kg.ha"1 (average size: 160 mm; 26 g) in 1996.
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    Relationship between Development of Secondary Sex Characters and Androgenic Gland in Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2002) Cubelio, Sherine S.; Thampy, D.M
    The secondary sex characters such as length of cheliped, length of appendix masculina and number of spines on it, and the width of vas deferens are under the control of the androgenic gland and have no relationship with the body size of the prawn, Macrobrachium idelk. Of the 30 individuals randomly selected, 22 had a body length to cheliped length ratio below 1:1.5. The size of the androgenic gland and appendix masculina were not fully developed in them, indicating that they are reproductively inactive. Remaining 8 individuals, having a body length to cheliped length ratio above 1:1.5, had well-developed androgenic gland and appendix masculina showing that there is positive correlation between the biomass of androgenic gland and the degree of development of secondary sex characters.
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    Storage characteristics and histamine content of fish stored at tropical ambient temperature
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2002) Chakrabarti, R.
    During the storage in laboratory, yellow tail scad (Atule mate), seer (Scomberotnorus guttatus), mullet (Mugil cephalus), horse mackerel (Megalaspis cordyla), bull's eye (Priacanthus hamrur), sardine (Sardinella dobsi), long billed half beak (Hemiramphus marginatus), rainbow sardine (Dussumieria acuta) and scad (Scomberoides tol) were found to be organoleptically acceptable up to 4-6 h in winter (20-30oC). However, yellow tail scad, seer, mullet, bull' s eye, black pomfrets (Parastromateus niger) and silver bellies (Leiognathus dussumieri) stored in summer (26-33oC) were acceptable up to 4 h only. In summer, the histamine level in all acceptable fish was below 15.0mg.100g"1 muscle which is below maximum admissible limit of 20.0mg.100g"1 muscle. The histamine values in winter days in fish was below 11.0mg.100g"1 muscle, except for long billed half beak. Histamine formation in seer, bull's eye, scad and long billed half beak was more rapid compared to other species under study. Peroxide value in fresh fish such as yellow tail scad, mullet, horse mackerel, scad and silver bellies was nil. An increasing trend in both peroxide value and total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) was noticed in all samples stored at ambient temperature. TVBN values in organoleptically acceptable fish were between 7.2 and 20.6 mg%.
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    Studies on the gill nets of Andhra Pradesh
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2002) Ramarao, S.V.S.; Rajeswari, G.; Prakash, R.R.
    Artisanal fishing still plays an important role, in spite of domination by trawlers in small-scale fisheries sector. Gill net fishing is one of the popular fishing methods along the east coast of India. However, there are regional variations in their construction and operation. This paper deals with design details of gill nets operated from Srikakulam district to Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Polyamide monofilament netting of 0.16 mm to 0.32 mm diameter twine were generally used for construction of gill nets throughout the coast. Polyamide multifilament netting of 210D/1/3 to 210D/6/3 of 20-40 mm mesh size were used for capture of smaller sized fish. Polyamide multifilament netting used in construction of large mesh gill nets targeted at large pelagic fishes, are being replaced by high density polyethylene netting.
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    Tissue proteinase activity in Indian mackeral(Rastrelliger kanagurta) during iced storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2002) Jose, L.; Raghunath, M.R.
    Tissue proteinase activity (TPA) during iced storage of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and its effect on tissue proteins were followed by assay of proteinase activity and SDS-PAGE of tissue homogenates, respectively. TPA in mackerel is predominantly expressed at pH 3, 4, 9 and 10. The activities at pH 3 and 4 were initially higher than that at alkaline pH. TPA at the acid pH range were observed to decrease during iced storage and were always at lower than original levels, although there was a transient increase at 4-6 days of iced storage. TPA in the alkaline pH range (9 and 10) remained mostly unaffected till 6-8 days of iced storage after which, a slight decrease was observed. However, at both pH ranges, the activity increased sharply after 11 days, owing to diffusion of visceral/microbial proteinases from the belly cavity due to spoilage. Electropherogram of the muscle homogenates revealed early breakdown of high molecular weight proteins followed by lower molecular weight proteins