1998

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    Biochemical Characterisation of Different Male Morphotypes of Macrohrachium rosenbergii (De Man)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Sureshkumar, S; Kurup, B. Madhusoodana
    Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, DNA and RNA contents were studied in the muscle tissue, hepatopancreas and gonads of male morphotypes of M. rosenbergii viz. small males (SM), orange clawed males (OC) and blue clawed males (BC) and their transitional stages, weak orange clawed (WOC) and strong orange clawed (SOC). Significant difference could be seen in protein, DNA and RNA contents of muscle tissue, carbohydrate and RNA contents in hepatopancreas and DNA and RNA contents of the gonads of various male morphotypes. Highest protein content in muscle was recorded for SOC (19.10%) and minimum for WBC (17.71%) and OBC (17.52%). Highest values of RNA (1.020 mg/g) and DNA (0.68mg/g) of muscle tissue was also recorded in SOC. Carbohydrate content (2.37%) and RNA (0.744 mg/g) content of hepatopancreas were also found to be high in SOC when compared to other male morphotypes. In gonads highest DNA content (0.891 mg/g) was observed in OBC whereas RNA content was maximum in SBC (1.159 mg/g). Results of the present study would be useful in providing biochemical evidence for the existence of morphotypes in male populations of M. rosenbergii
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    Changes in Rohu (Labeo rohita) Actomyosin During Frozen Storage: Protein Denaturation or Coagulation?
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Rao, Shrinivas B.
    Changes taking place in actomyosin extracted from Labeo rohita (Rohu) during storage at -20<'C were studied with a view to find out whether these changes were denaturation or coagulation of proteins. Changes in solubility, Ca2* ATPase activity and Mg2* ATPase activity were monitored for a period of 10 weeks. The irreversible loss of solubility and Caz* and Mg2* ATPase activities indicate that an irreversible aggregation of proteins, probably through covalent disulphide bonds is taking place during frozen storage of rohu actomyosin and this is suggestive of protein coagulation, as distinct from protein denaturation.
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    Changing Pattern of the Species Composition of Ring Seine Landings
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Edwin, Leela; Hridayanathan, C
    The changing pattern of species composition of ring seine landings is modelled with the help of the Markov chain model to interpret the observed changes and predict the status of dominance of major species. The species selected for the study were oil sardine, other sardines, anchovies, carangids and mackerel. The landings from gear other than ring seines and all gear together have also been analysed. The probability of oil sardine dominating the ring seine catch has come down and in the case of other gear, carangids tend to dominate.
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    Elimination of Free Gossypol in Cotton Seed Meal (Gossypium herbaceum) - A Preliminary Study
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Usmani, Nazura; Jafri, A.K; Alvi, A.S
    Analysis of mechanically extracted cotton seed meal {Gossypium herbaceum) showed that it was good source of crude protein (23.9%). It contains 0.5% crude fat, 21.76% crude fiber, 9.28% moisture and 4.64% ash. Gossypol content in the meal was found to be 0.54%. Among the various methods tested for the elimination of gossypol, water treatment following solvent extraction was found to eliminate 98-99% of this anti-nutritional substance. Autoclaving at 10 and 15 lb. for 15 min removed 20-25% of gossypol, whereas autoclaving at the same pressure for 10 min removed 10-12% of gossypol. Heating the meal in hot air oven at 60, 80, 100oC removed 9, 10 and 12% of gossypol, respectively while microwave roasting at full and high power for 2 min removed only 5-8% of gossypol
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    Frozen Storage Characteristics of Oratosquilla nepa
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Rajeswari, Tanuja; Hameed, M. Shahul
    The stomatopod, Oratosquilla nepa was quick frozen as whole and as meat at -40"C and stored at -l 'C. The shelf life was evaluated by following biochemical, physical and organoleptic changes that occurred during storage. Total bacterial count was found to show a progressive fall for 3 months. Trimethyl amine values were found to decrease after 6 months of storage. Highest values for total volatile nitrogen were observed after 6 months of storage. Organoleptic quality was acceptable up to 5 months. Frozen squilla stored for 5 months can be used for further processing into value added products.
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    The Neuroendocrine Secretion Regulates Growth Hormone Release in Teleost Fish
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Phale, Sameer R
    The growth hormone (GH) secretion in cyprinids and other teleost species is apparently regulated by several neuroendocrine factors working together. Somatostatin is the primary inhibitor of basal and stimulated GH release while the other inhibitors are norepinephrine and serotonin. The GH secretion is stimulated by GH- releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, cholecystokinin, bombesin, neuropeptide Y, dopamine and galanin. The growth rate of cultured fish may be stimulated by neuroendocrine factors added to food, or by administration of GH or recombinant GH preparations. Techniques for enhancing growth rates of cultured fish are in an experimental stage.
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    A New Approach for Finding out the Bioaccumulation Rate of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Liza parsia
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Mohapatra, B.C; Rengarajan, K
    Through field and laboratory studies, a concept has been developed for finding out the differential rate of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead in different tissues of mullet Liza parsia (Hamilton-Buchanan). This new approach for finding out the maximum bioaccumulation employed a series of experiments, statistical and graphical interpretations and has put forth a concept for future investigations with different bio-accumulative toxicants.
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    Population Dynamics of an Indigenous Carp (Labeo dussutnieri) of the River Pampa, Kerala (India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Kurup, B. Madhusoodana
    Based on length composition of commercial landings of Labeo dussumieri of the river Pampa, growth parameters, La and K were estimated using ELEFAN I programme as 464.7 mm and 0.64/anmm\ respectively in male and 502 mm and 0.81/ annum in female. Average instantaneous rates of mortality Z, M and F in male were respectively 1.4305, 0.8595 and 0.5710 while in females the above values were 2.3348, 1.0863 and 1.2485. From the length converted cohort analysis, F was estimated to be 0.5709 in male against 1.2484 in female. The results of the present study showed that males of L dussumieri of the river Pampa are harvested below the optimum level while the females are exploited at optimum level and therefore, it is concluded that the stock of this species can be maintained at a sustainable level at the present level of exploitation.
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    Storage Characteristics of Cultured Penaeus indicus in Ice and at Ambient Temperature
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Joseph, Jose; Perigreen, P.A; Iyer, T.S. Gopalakrishna
    live P. indicus collected from a prawn farm was used for storage studies at ambient temperature and in ice. The changes in sensory, chemical and bacteriological characteristics were followed during storage. Shelf life of P. indicus at 30"C was only 12 h. When stored in ice it remained in organoleptically acceptable condition for 15 days. Balck discolouration was noticed in 6 h at ambient temperature and by the 4th day in ice. The TVBN values were 40 mg/100 g initially, which decreased during early stages of storage and then increased. Changes in quality of farm-produced prawn during ice storage were similar to the quality changes in wild prawns
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    Time Study for the Commercial Production of Block Frozen Whole Squid/Cuttlefish in 2 kg Pack
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1998) Ramachandran, A
    A time study to work out the normal time and standard time required for each element or activity in the commercial production of block frozen whole squid/ cuttlefish was undertaken. A standard flow chart was developed to minimize the handling and processing time and to minimize exposure of the raw material to higher temperatures. The important allowances to be considered in calculating the standard time were identified as personal, standing and fatigue and process allowances. Filling, setting in trays, glazing and loading in trolleys were considered as an integrated and inseparable activity and was found to consume 112.20 min as normal time and 128.47 min as standard time for producing one batch of 220 slabs of 2 kg each. The process cycle time was estimated to be 305 min for the production and storage of 220 frozen blocks of whole squid/cuttlefish. Process cycle time could be further reduced by introducing modern freezers with shorter freezing time and by introducing automation at the post freezing stations.