2000

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    Bacterial Flora of the Intestines of Farm Raised Freshwater Fishes Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Ctenopharyngodon idella
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Hatha, A;A.M; Kuruvilla, Seena; Cheriyan, Synobia
    Bacterial flora associated with the intestines of farm raised freshwater fishes such as Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Ctenophan/ngodon idella have been analysed. The mean population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) of the intestine of L. rohita was 3.2xl06 colony forming units (CFU) per gram and that of C. catla and C. idella were 4.79x10'' and 1.13xl07 CFU respectively. Morphological and physiological grouping of the isolates revealed dominance of gram negative rod shaped bacteria capable of elaborating various hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, lipase and gelatinase. Ureolytic forms were relatively few. Characterisation of the genera revealed the dominance of Aeromonas in the intestine of these fishes. Other genera encountered were Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Alcaligenes, Vibrio, Moraxella, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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    Biochemical investigations on Antarctic krill Euphausia superba
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2000) Ragunath, M.R.; Sankar, T.V.; Radhakrishnan, A.G.; Mathew, S.; Ammu, K.
    Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana), caught by the first Indian krill expedition was processed on board into whole krill, peeled tail meat and whole krill mince. These were analysed for trace metals, lipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids. Autolysis at various pH and temperatures as well as thermal coagulation of krill mince suspended in various media were also studied. Trace metals were below toxic levels while no pesticides were detected. Krill tail meat had small amount of lipids and cholesterol (0.81 and 0.033% respectively). The lipids were rich in C18:1, C20:5, C22:6, fatty acids. Autolytic activity at pH 3-4 and 8-10 was predominant in whole krill at 20 and 40 degree C but autolysis in tail meat was very low. Nearly 80% of the soluble proteins in krill suspension could be precipitated by rapid heating.
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    Biochemical, Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Six Species of Smoked Fishes from Manipur
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Lilabati, H; Vishwanath, W
    Biochemical, nutritional and microbiological quality of six smoked fishes viz. Esomus danricus, Puntius sophore, Mystus bleekeri, Amblypharyngodcm mo/a, Notopterus notopterus and Glossogobius giuris of Manipur were analysed. Non protein nitrogen (NPN) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) were 0.50 to 1.86% and 40.00 to 80.00 mg% respectively. In vitro digestibility of one sample (P. sophore) was higher than that of casein. Alpha amino nitrogen liberated in pepsin phase were 28.44 to 49.75% of total N and in trypsin phase, 53.25 to 70.37% of total N. Available lysine content was 2.17 to 4.68 g/16g of N. Total plate count of bacteria (TPC), total plate count of fungi (TFC), most probable number (MPN) of coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and faecal Streptococci counts were lOMO g-1, lOMO g-1, O-lO g"1, and lOMO g"1 respectively. But Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not detected in any of the smoked fishes studied. Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporoides were the dominant fungal flora.
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    A Comparative Study on the Radiation Preservation of Marine (Seer fish) as well as Fresh Water Fish (Cat fish)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Sreerekha, P.S; Nishamol, K.M; Alur, M.D; Bongirwar, D.R
    Seer, a marine fish and cat fish, a fresh water fish, were compared for their amenability to radiation preservation during storage at 2-30C employing sensory, bacteriological and biochemical parameters. Although both the fish varieties exhibited a two-fold extension in shelf life by radiation treatment at 1-3 kGy over controls, the biochemical parameters tested (TMAN and TVBN) failed to monitor the quality of fresh water fish (cat fish). On the other hand, with respect to marine fish (seer), biochemical and microbiological quality correlated well with sensory evaluation data
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    Composite Farming of the Green Mussel, Perna viridis with the Shrimp Penaeus monodon along the Okhamandal Coast of Arabian Sea in Gujarat
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Subrahmanyam, N; Gopalakrishanan, P
    The results of an onshore raft-cum-rope culture experiment of green mussel, Perna viridis with shrimp, Penaeus monodon in a shallow sea water pond system are reported. The seed of P. viridis measuring an average of 21.2 mm in length and 1.2 g in weight attained an average of 68.5 mm in length and 24.2 g shell on weight in 150 days of culture. The harvested mussel had a meat content of 32.66%. The results, when compared with the reported data in open sea farming from other parts of the country, were found to be highly encouraging
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    Effect of Varying Stocking Density on Growth and Survival of Catla catla Fry in Nursery Cisterns
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Mondal, A.M; Murthy, H. Shivananda; Satheesha, S.K
    Nursery rearing of carps is one of the important management practices for successful fish culture. Better health, growth and survival of the fish seed can be achieved by appropriate rearing methods. This study was undertaken to determine the optimum stocking density of Catla catla fry in nursery ponds. Catla spawn were stocked at the rate of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 million, ha"1 in triplicate cisterns and designated as Sj, S2, S3, and S4, respectively. They were fed with a diet containing 38.5% protein (soya flour and fish meal based). The best growth and survival of catla fry were recorded in Sj followed by S2, S3, and S4. However, S4 (4.0 million, ha"1) was found to be cost effective with higher net return.
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    Effects of creosote and copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) treatment on the compressive strength of haldu wood (adina cardifolia benth & hook)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2000) Leela Edwin; Thomas, S.N.
    The effect of preservative treatment on a secondary species of wood, Adina cordifolia (Haldu) was studied. Panels were impregnated with creosote, an oil borne preservative, and copper-chrome- arsenic (CCA), a water borne preservative, through immersion treatment. The compressive stress parallel to grain of panels at various preservative retention levels was assessed to find out the change in mechanical strength. An average reduction of 14% compressive stress was noticed in CCA treated haldu panels and slight increase of 2 - 6% was observed in creosote treated panels.
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    High Density Rearing of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Spawn Indoors using Different Diets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Dinesh, K; Nair, C. Mohanakumaran
    Three day old spawn of Labeo rohita was reared in indoor tanks with eight different diets, consisting of live feeds, formulated feeds, conventional feeds and different combinations of the above. The experiment was carried out in circular FRP tanks of 83 1 capacity with a stocking density of 10,000 m 3 . The duration of the experiment was 21 days. The diets of Artemia nauplii and Moina have given higher mean specific growth rate (16.45 and 15.3 respectively) and normalized biomass index (352.12 and 267.76 respectively) without any significant statistical difference, while Moina + formulated feed and Artemia + formulated feed have given higher mean survival rates (88.6 and 88.3%, respectively)
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    Impact of Some Hormone Combinations on Feed Utilization, RNA/DNA Ratio, Enzyme Activity, Growth and Survival of Pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Sambhu, C; Jayaprakas, V
    Juveniles of pearlspot were reared by feeding diets enriched with steroid and protein hormone combinations: Testosterone propionate (TP), Diethyl stilbestrol (DES) and Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at various doses for a period of 120 days and their growth performance was evaluated. The dosages of the hormone combinations were TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm (Tj), TP 2.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T2), DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T3) and TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T4). The fishes which received diets containing combinations of TP+HCG achieved the highest growth (40.10 g). Feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and nutrient digestibility were higher in this group. Digestive enzyme activity was maximum (590.34 units/g tissue) in the intestine of fishes fed on diet containing TP+HCG. The RNA/DNA ratio and protein contents in the muscle increased concomitant with the high growth rate.
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    Individual and Combined Acute Lethal Toxicity of Monocrotophos and 2,4-D on the Juveniles of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) (Pisces: Cichlidae)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Nair, J.R. Rajasekharan; Mercy, T.V. Anna; George, Renu Maria
    The 48 h individual and combined lethal toxicity of monocrotophos (insecticide) and 2,4-D (herbicide) on the juveniles of Etroplus suratensis were determined. The 48 h LC of monocrotophos was 5.85 mg.l4 (5.02 to 6.69) and that of 2,4-D was 267.4 mg.l"1 (228.93 to 305.86). The median additive index and its range for the combined toxicity were worked out. The calculated value was -0.185 (-0.541 to 0.083). A simple or strictly additive toxicity is indicated for the mixture of monocrotophos and 2,4-D. This shows an enhanced potential of the individual toxicant for pollution in the natural bodies when they are applied sequentially and even simultaneously
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    Inter-relationship Between Condition Coefficient (K) of Penaeus monodon and Heavy Metals from a Brackish Water Pond
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Mitra, A; Mandal, T; Jamaddar, Y.A; Bhattacharyya, D.P
    The condition coefficient (K) of Penaeus monodon, collected from a traditional brackish water system at Kanmari, about 50 km away from the city of Calcutta, during the period from March 1992 to February 1994, was estimated. During the investigation period, concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in the ambient media (sediment and water) were determined to study the suitability of the environment for the growth and survival of the species. There was a negative correlation between the condition coefficient and the concentration of heavy metals in water.
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    Optimization of Mesh Size of Gill Nets to Capture Amblygastar sirm,(Walbaum) in Thoothukkudi Coastal Waters, Southeast Coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Neethiselvan, N; Jude, D; Sundaramoorthy, B; Gopalakrishnan, P
    Amblygastar sirm, a lesser sardine, popularly called 'Keeri Meen Chalai' form a notable fishery in Thoothukkudi coastal waters with peak season from September to February. A. sirm are captured in small meshed drift gill nets with the mesh size ranging from 26 mm to 32 mm. The fishery is mainly constituted by the size group 65-210 mm. The present study deals with the optimization of mesh size to capture the commercially significant length group (141-190 mm) and enmeshing pattern of A. sirm in gill nets with various mesh sizes. The optimum mesh size for the commercial exploitation of A. sirm in Thoothukkudi coastal waters is found to be 30.5 mm
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    Seasonal Variation of the Environmental Parameters along Fort Cochin Beach
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Jayalakshmy, K.V; Raveendran, O; Sreeja, S
    Monthly observations on heterotrophic bacteria, organic carbon, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia from surface water and from water table level during high tide, mid tide and low tide were carried out in the Fort Cochin beach for a period of one year. Also, monthly observations on heterotrophic bacteria, organic carbon and temperature were carried out for the same period from sand during the three tidal levels at surface and water table level. The study showed that organic carbon in sand controlled the bacterial population to a great extent during high tide at surface and during low tide at water table level. Step-up multiple regression analysis showed that in water the interaction effect of inorganic phosphate and ammonia and that of ammonia and temperature were the most important parameters controlling the bacterial production whereas in the sand at the surface, temperature-organic carbon interaction effect was the controlling parameter. The results of the Q-mode analysis are also presented.
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    Seasonal Variations in Hydrographical Parameters, Nutrient Content and Energy Content of the Suspended Particulate Matter in Netravathi - Gurpur Estuary
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Vedamurthy, A.P; Ramesha, TJ; Lakshmipathi, M.T; Hariharan, V
    An attempt has been made to study the energy content distribution in the suspended particulate matter of Netravathi-Gurpur estuary. Hydrological parameters and nutrient content exhibited seasonal variations. Suspended particulate matter gradually increased from January onwards till May at all the stations. The higher particulate matter concentration of 218 mg. I"1 was reported in the month of December. The energy content of detrital matter was less during June to September in spite of greater concentration.
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    Sodium Acetate and Vacuum Packaging to Improve Shelf Life of Refrigerated Lethrinus lentjan Fillets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2000) Shalini, R; Jasmine, G. Indra; Shanmugam, S.A; Ramkumar, K
    The shelf life of vncuum packed fresh Lethrinus lentjan fillets, untreated or treated with various levels of sodium acetate, was evaluated. The quality was assessed periodically by selected biochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The shelf life of product packed without vacuum and untreated vacuum-packed fillets was around 7-8 days whereas sodium acetate treated fillets had shelf life of 2-3 weeks. Reduced rate of bacterial growth, decreased rate of production of TMA-N and TVB-N and delayed development of off odours were observed in sodium acetate treated, vacuum packed fillets