1999

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    Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Quality During Storage of Smoked, Esomus danricus of Manipur
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Lilabati, H; Vishwanath, W; Singh, M Shymkesho
    Total plate counts of bacteria (TPC) and fungi (TFC) gradually decreased with the decrease of moisture content in smoked Esomus danricus during storage of the fish in bamboo baskets. The counts increased with the increase of humidity of the environment and the moisture content of the fish. Coliforms were not detected after 30 days of storage and Staphylococcus aureus and feacal Streptococci were not detected after 60 days of storage. £. coli and Salmonella were not detected in the present analysis. Xerophilic fungi, viz., Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sydowii and Penicillium chrysogenum were observed during storage of the fish. A. niger and A. candidus were dominant in April, May and June, whereas Aspergillus flavipes was dominant in July and August. Growth of fungi was rapid in the rainy season. Smoked E. danricus was in unacceptable condition after storage for 120 days
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    Changes in K Value and Biogenic Amines During Storage of Atlantic Mackerel (Scombes scomberus) in Ice
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Mathew, P.T; Ryder, John M.; Gopakumar, K
    Determination of K value in conjunction with sensory evaluation serves as a good index of the freshness of fish. In this study, the above parameters were used to determine the freshness of Atlantic mackerel (Scombes scomberus) during storage in ice. K value showed a steady increase from 23 to 78 during ten days of storage in ice. No biogenic amines such as putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine were detected in the fish during this period
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    Comparative Evaluation of Different Types of Otter Boards in Small Scale Trawling Operations
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Shibu, A.V; Hameed, M. Shahul
    The cost of construction of different types of otter boards viz., flat rectangular, 'V form and oval slotted otter boards were compared and repair and maintenance charges for each type of otter board during the course of operation were also compared. It was found that, all along the south West Coast, flat rectangular otter boards were preferred by the fishermen. The 'V form otter boards were not popular.
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    Cryopreservation of Brown Trout (Saltno trutta fario) Sperm: The Influence of Extender Composition and Fertilization Procedure
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Gopalakrishnan, A; Thakur, K.L; Ponniah, A.G; Kumar, K; Dayal, R
    Seven extenders were tested to check their relative efficiency in cryopreserving the milt of brown trout (Saltno trutta fario). Hatching rates equal to that of control (p > 0.05) were obtained when a cryodiluent containing egg yolk (2%) and dimethylsulphoxide (10%) was used. Removal of coelomic fluid prior to the addition of thawed milt and addition of 5 mM theophylline to the "Dexter" solution enhanced the hatching percentage. The sperm density varied from 9.83 to 18.41 x 109 sperms/ml.
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    Cytokinins from Marine Green Alga, Caulerpa raceniosa (Kuetz) Taylor
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Kaladharan, P; Sridhar, N
    Cytokinin - like substances were extracted from green seaweed, Caukrpa racemosa and purified using an ion exchange column of CM-cellulose. Bioassay of these extracts with darkgerminated cotyledons of cucumber for chlorophyll biosynthesis proved the presence of cytokinin - like substances in the extract of C. racemosa. The efficiency of the extract was comparable to that of commercially available kinetin. The study is indicative of strong possibilities of producing cytokinin from unutilized and commonly occurring C. racemosa on a commercial scale and at low cost.
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    Effect of Graded Levels of G-probiotic on Growth, Survival and Feed Conversion of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Naik, A.T. Ramachandra; Murthy, H. Shivananda; Ramesha, TJ
    The effect of G-probiotic on growth, survival and feed conversion in Oreochromis mossambicus was studied. Three diets formulated by incorporating the growth promoter, Gprobiotic at 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/kg diet respectively were evaluated. The crude protein content was 30% in each diet. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of tilapia fry twice daily at a level of 10% of their biomass for 90 days. Water quality parameters recorded during the experimental period were within the range suitable for tilapia growth. The results showed better specific growth rate, food conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio in the group which was given 7.5 g G-probiotic/kg diet
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    Effect of Hydrogen Sulphide on Benthic Fauna of a tropical Estuary
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Gopakumar, G; Kuttyamma, V.J
    The distribution and abundance of some benthic organisms in the Kayamkulam estuary (a tropical estuary), revealed that polychaetes, tanaids, amphipods, isopods, bivalves, gastropods and nematods were the major groups of macrobenthic animals. Among these, polychaetes were the most abundant group in unpolluted area compared to hydrogen sulphide-polluted area. In the polluted area polychaetes and nematods were observed during the study period
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    Effect of Varying Levels of Dietary Protein on the Growth and Body Composition of the Grey Mullet Liza macrolepis Fingerlings
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) C, Gopal; Rangaswamy, CP; Swamy, D.N
    Casein-gelatin based isocaloric purified diets with graded levels of protein (10-60%) were fed to the fingerlings of Liza macrolepis for 60 days to evaluate the growth, feed conversion and carcass composition. Relative growth, specific growth, normalized biomass index and survival rate were higher and feed conversion ratio, lower in fish which received 40% dietary protein. Carcass composition of the fish indicated that protein, lipid, carbohydrate and moisture were significantly different while ash content was not significantly different from the initial values. The studies showed that dietary protein at a level of 40% was optimal for the species.
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    Growth, Survival and Body Composition of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus Fed Graded Levels of Stress Care
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Murthy, H. Shivananda; Naik, A.T. Ramachandra; Ramesha, TJ
    The effect of feeding graded levels of stress care, a stress releasing agent for farm animals and poultry, on the growth, survival and carcass composition of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus was studied. Stress care, at different levels, was added to a fish meal based diet. The experiment was conducted in indoor closed recirculatory system for two months. Results showed that higher survival of tilapia was obtained with a diet containing 0.75% stress care but growth rate was not influenced by the presence of stress care
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    Heat-stable Alkaline Proteinase from Shrimp Waste
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Chander, Ramesh; Thomas, Paul
    Proteolytic activity of shrimp waste at alkaline pH was examined. Shrimp waste was found to be a good source for this enzyme. The enzyme activity in the shrimp waste was about 50 times higher than that of muscle. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 8.5 and temperature optima, 50-55oC. It was inhibited maximally by serine protease inhibitor such as STI (soybean trypsin inhibitor). An interesting feature of the enzyme was its tolerance to different solvents.
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    Kinetics of Desorption of Water and Absorption of Salt During Blanching of Prawn
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Choudhury, D.R; Chakrabarti, R
    During blanching prawn desorbs water, absorbs sodium chloride from the surrounding blanching solution and undergoes denaturation. The rate of desorption from the muscle tissue was directly proportional to time, temperature and concentration of NaCl in blanching brine and the kinetics of desorption followed the first order reaction. Variation in the concentration of NaCl in the blanching liquor did not alter the mechanism of desorption. The bonding reaction involving ions was disfavoured at high temperature so that the rate constant became independent of ionic strength
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    Nursery Rearing of Catla (Catla catla) Under Different Dietary Protein and Fertilization Levels
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Manissery, J.K; Krishnamurthy, D; Gangadhar, B; Nandeesha, M.C
    Catla (Catla catla) spawn were stocked at 5 million/ha in a commercial fish seed farm. Cow dung at the rate of 13,000 (Tl), 15,000 (T2) and 18,500 kg/ha (T3) were applied in split doses during the experimental period of 21 days. Finely powdered groundnut cake-rice bran mixture (1:1) served as control diet (A). Experimental diets were formulated by incorporating fish meal at 10 (B), 24 (C) and 38% (D) level in the control diet. All the diets were tested at each level of fertilization and fed at equivalent, 3 times and 4 times the initial body weight for the first 5, next 10 and rest of the days respectively. Irrespective of the diet given, increased growth and survival of catla and increased weight of plankton were recorded with increase in fertilization rate. The highest average length and weight gain were observed in fish fed diet C with 35% protein. The overall survival was the highest in T3 and lowest in tl. Fish meal based diet with 35% protein was found to be ideal for the nursery rearing of catla in fertilized ponds to obtain higher growth and survival
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    Role of Collagen in Gaping of Fish Fillets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 1999) Hassan, Femeena; George, Sajan; .Mukundan, M.K; Sherief, P.M
    The extent of gaping in the skinless fillets of Sardinella longiceps, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Oreochromis mossambicus, Cyprinus carpio, Euthinnus affinis and Scoliodon sorrkozvah during frozen storage and its relationship with the collagen content of the muscle were studied. Gaping was not significant in any of the fillets during the first three months of frozen storage, irrespective of the collagen content. Significant gaping occurred in fish stored for longer period. The degree of gaping was more in those fish which had low collagen content. Removal of skin appeared to be helpful in preventing gaping.