FT Vol.52(4)
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
1 - 4 of 4
- ItemFatty Acid Composition of the Freshwater Crab Travancoriana schirnerae(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2015)This study determined the fatty acid profile of claw and body meat of adult male and female Travancoriana schirnerae, an edible freshwater crab abundant in the wetlands of Wayanad, Kerala, India. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis of the fatty acid profile detected totally eleven fatty acids, which include saturated (SFAs) (39.91±4.20%), mono (MUFAs) (23.45±2.46%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (36.63±0.97%). The major SFAs were arachidic (C20:0) and behenic acids (C22:0) followed by palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and myristic acids (C14:0). The MUFAs identified were palmitoleic (C16:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids and the PUFAs include linoleic acid (C18:2 w-6), linolenic acid (C18:3 w-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 w-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 w-3). This study indicated that the freshwater crab T. schirnerae is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially w- 3 (26.17%) and w-6 (10.45%) essential fatty acids.
- ItemSupercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of PUFA Rich Oil from Freeze Dried Tuna Red Meat(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2015)Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an emerging technology for extraction and isolation of valuable compounds from natural products. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2 ) is one of the most commonly used solvents in SFE and has gained importance as a “green” or environment friendly solvent. In this study, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich oil from freeze dried yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) red meat was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. Red meat, a by-product obtained from tuna processing forms about 9-11% of the total body weight of tuna. Lipid extraction from freeze dried tuna meat was performed at a temperature of 60oC and pressure of 35 MPa for 3 h. The flow rate of CO2 was kept constant at 175 l h-1. The extracted oil was collected in two separators both held at 5 MPa pressure and temperature of 50oC and 40oC respectively. The antioxidant tocopherol (0.5%) was added to the extracted oil and stored at 2-4oC for further analysis. The yield of oil obtained was 5% and it was found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid constituting 31, 5 and 4% of the total fatty acids respectively. Palmitic and stearic acid were the most abundant saturated fatty acids present constituting 23 and 15% of total fatty acids respectively. Oleic acid contributed 18% of the total fatty acids. SFE was effective in extraction of fatty acids from tuna red meat with minimal losses.
- ItemProtective Effects of Echinorhinus brucus Liver Oil against Induced Inflammation and Ulceration in Rats(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2015)Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of Bramble shark (Echinorhinus brucus) liver oil were examined in rats. The oil showed significant proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the percentages of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) being 16 and 18% respectively. The study also revealed that liver oil had a very favourable n3:n6 ratio of 4.7. Oral administration of shark liver oil at 1g kg-1 concentration significantly attenuated the formalin-induced paw edema in experimental rats. It exerted potent anti-ulcer effect against acid-ethanol mixturemediated lesion formation in the rat gastric mucosa.
- ItemInfluence of Codend Mesh Size on Bycatch Composition of Two Trawls Operated off Veraval, Gujarat, India(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India, 2015)The deleterious impact of bottom trawling on benthic ecosystem is widely reported and attempts are made to reduce bycatch generated by trawling through technical and operational measures. Systematic baseline data on the quantity and type of bycatch will help in comparing the changes that have occurred to the fish community structure. This study compares the bycatch generated by two trawling systems with 15, 20, 30 and 40 mm mesh size codends off Veraval during 1991-92 and 2005- 06. Analysis of quantity of bycatch generated and changes in species composition, analysis of diversity and multivariate analysis were carried out to elucidate the changes on the community structure along the Veraval coast. The percentage of total bycatch generated in trawl systems during 1991-92 were 25.69±4.28 and 31.03±1.58 with 15 and 30 mm codend meshes respectively while the values were 67.77±3.22 and 22.15±2.44 respectively for 20 and 40mm codends during 2005-06. Acetes spp and Otolithes ruber contributed the major share of bycatch in the 15 and 30 mm codends, whereas Trichiurus lepturus and Rhopilema spp were the major species caught during 2005-06 in the 20 and 40 mm codend mesh respectively. Highest diversity was observed in the 15 mm codend as indicated by both the indices of diversity ‘S and d’. ANOSIM test revealed that the difference in the assemblage structure during the years were significant with a global ‘R’ value of 0.176. The results of the SIMPER analysis showed that the average dissimilarity between the bycatch assemblages during the years 1991-92 and 2005-06 was noticed to be 87.23%. It was evident from the studies that there are changes in the quantity and assemblage structure of the bycatch generated by different trawling systems over the years. This study also shows the utility of increasing the mesh sizes as a technical measure to reduce impacts of trawling on biodiversity.