FT Vol.49(2)

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Effect of rhizophora root extracts on wound healing and yeast-induced pyrexia in rats
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2012) Mathew, M.; Xavier, K.A.M.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Kumar, K.A.
Mangrove plants are part of tropical marine ecosystems of coastal regions of Kerala, India and their parts are widely used as folklore medicines. Root extracts of Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata from Cochin backwater area, Kerala, India were screened for antipyretic and wound healing properties. Methanolic aqueous root extracts of R. mucronata and R. apiculata were tested at 460 and 535 mg kg super(-1) concentrations respectively, in male albino rats. In both cases, bioactivities were compared with that of standard drug and a control group. Among the two species analyzed, maximum activity was observed in the methanolic root extracts of R. apiculata followed by R. mucronata. It is postulated that antipyretic and wound healing effects are caused by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and decrease in the cytokine levels. Phytochemical screening of residues revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides, which may account for the observed pharmaceutical effects in the Rhizophora species studied.
Prevalent Diseases among Freshwater Ornamental Fishes in Nagaon District, Assam
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Kalita, Binod; Tamuli, Krishna Kanta; Baishya, Sangipran; Dutta, Omeo Kumar
Incidence of parasitic and microbial diseases in ornamental fishes affect relationship between the population density, source and water quality of the rearing environment. Constant monitoring of water quality, quarantine treatments and disease preventive measures may ensure growth of a sound trade of these fishes in the region
Waste minimisation in fishing operations
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2012) Boopendranath, M.R.
Sources of wastes in fishing operations mainly include bycatch discards; processing wastes where catch is processed onboard; plastic wastes due to abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear; bilges and other wastes from the vessel operations. Fishing systems in general have an associated catch of nontargeted organisms known as bycatch. Non-selective fishing gear that is not modified or equipped to exclude non-targeted organisms, may take a significant quantity of bycatch of non-targeted finfish, juvenile fish, benthic animals, marine mammals, marine birds and vulnerable or endangered species that are often discarded. Average annual global discards, has been estimated to be 7.3 million t, based on a weighted discard rate of 8%, during 1992-2001 period. Trawl fisheries for shrimp and demersal finfish account for over 50% of the total estimated global discards. Plastic materials are extensively used in fisheries, owing to their durability and other desirable properties, contributing to the efficiency and catchability of the fishing gear. However, plastics biodegrade at an extremely slow rate compared to other organic materials. Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) and related marine debris have been recognized as a critical problem in the marine environment and for living marine resources. Prevention of excess fishing capacity by appropriate management measures could lead to enormous savings in terms of fuel consumption, emissions and bycatch discards from the excess fishing fleet, capital and operational investments and labour deployment in capture fisheries, with significant economic gains. In this paper, wastes originating from fishing operations are reviewed, along with their environmental impacts and possible mitigation measures.
Social Status of Hook and Line Fishermen in Visakhapatnam
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Immanuel, Sheela; Rao, G. Syda
This study aims to document the socio economic profile of the fisherfolk involved in hook and line fishing. The study was conducted among a sample of 100 fishermen involved in hook and line fishing in Pedajalaripeta village in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. Field survey method was adopted for data collection. Forty three percent of the fishermen were between the age group of 36- 45 years, and all of them belonged to Hindu religion and Jalari caste. Nearly 72% of the male population above the age of fifteen was also involved in hook and line fishing. The daily income of the fisherfolk was dependent on fish catch and it varied from Rs.150 to Rs.1 000. Regarding the ownership pattern, 32% owned fibre catamaran and 9% owned wooden catamaran. The important types of hook and line operated in the area were long line and hand line. Only single day fishing trips were operated in the study area. In 28% of the families, the fisherwomen were involved in fish marketing and their monthly income ranged from Rs. 3 000 to Rs. 7 500. Poor implementation of regulations and excess fishing capacity were reported as major constraints. The study also suggests ways to improve the socio economic status of hook and line fishermen
Quality aspects of dried fish marketed in the north eastern states of India
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2012) Vijayan, P.K.; Surendran, P.K.
Physical, sensory, biochemical and microbiological quality of dry fish products (nine unsalted and six salted) available in Jagi Road dry fish market of Assam, India was evaluated. Moisture content varied from 11.08 to 44.32% and salt content from 0.26 to 3.4% in unsalted and from 15.71 to 52.76% in salted samples. Ash content varied from 9.28 to 28.72% in different samples. The TVBN value was in the range of 205 to 427 mg% in eight samples while in seven samples, it was from 49 to 186 mg%. Escherichia coli was absent in all the samples, while coagulase positive staphylococci was present in one sample and faecal streptococci in two samples. Fungi was present in all the samples except one. The study showed that 80% of the products traded were of poor quality.
Modulation in Nutritional Quality of Microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans in Different Culture Media
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Lincymol, K.P.; Ittoop, Gijo; Devi, P. Lakshmi; Joseph, Aneykutty
The present study was initiated to identify the best medium for culture of Chaetoceros calcitrans that could provide better protein and lipid content while supporting good growth of the algae. The media selected were Walne’s, Miquel’s, Chu and f/2 media. The algae cultured in Walne’s, Miquel’s and f/2 media showed significantly higher content of lipid (P<0.05) in the late exponential phase. Protein content was the highest in Walne’s medium (32.53 ± 0.28% dry weight) as compared to other media tested. Maximum cell density was recorded in f/2 medium. Miquel’s medium gave the maximum carbohydrate content (16.92 ± 1.54% dry weight). It was observed that media could certainly influence the biochemical composition of microalgae and therefore selection of media should be based on the larval requirement of the target species. Results obtained in the present study revealed that microalgae cultured in Walne’s medium gave high values of protein and lipid content. Although cell count was the highest in f/2 medium, Walne’s medium provided the best nutritional quality of algae.
Energy Analysis of the Ring Seine Operations, off Cochin, Kerala
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2012) Boopendranath, M.R.; Hameed, M.S.
Ring seines are lightly constructed purse seines adapted for operation in the traditional sector. Fish production and energy requirement in the ring seine operations, off Cochin, Kerala, India are discussed in this paper, based on data collected during 1997- 1998. The results reflect the Gross Energy Requirement (GER) situation that existed during 1997-1998. Mean catch per ring seiner per year worked out to be 211.9 t of which sardines (Sardinella spp.) constituted 44.3%, followed by Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) 29.7%, carangids 11.4%, penaeid prawns 2.2%, pomfrets 1.1% and miscellaneous fish 11.3%. Total energy inputs into the ring seine operations were estimated to be 1300.8 GJ. Output by way of fish production was determined to be 931.85 GJ. GER is the sum of all non-renewable energy resources consumed in making available a product or service and is a measure of intensity of non-renewable resource use. GER per tonne of fish landed by ring seiners was estimated to be 6.14. Among the operational inputs, kerosene constituted 73.4% of the GER, followed by petrol (12.7%), diesel (6.7%) and lubricating oil (2.4%). Fishing gear contributed 3.8%, engine 0.8% and fishing craft 0.3% of the GER. Energy ratio for ring seining was 0.72 and energy intensity 1.40.
Yield Indices for Meat in Pre-processing of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791)
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Pawar, H. B.; Shirdhankar, M. M.; . Barve, S. K.; Patange, S. B.
Nemipterus japonicus is preferred for production of surimi in India and in other Asian countries as the surimi produced from this fish is of high grade with white colour. The yield of processed or semiprocessed product in processing of this fish is a subject of prime importance. An attempt was made to establish relationships between meat yield and quantity of raw material used for processing, for facilitating appropriate managerial decision in surimi industry. Nemipterus japonicus specimens collected for the study were grouped in three length groups and were processed further with straight as well as inclined cut dressing style. The weight of scale, fin, head, meat and bone were recorded for both the dressing styles, and belly flap weight was additionally recorded for the straight cut dressing style. Average meat yield increased as the fish grew while the head weight decreased. The highest average meat yield recorded in 15-21 cm length group for straight cut and inclined cut were 50.57% and 52.10% respectively. The highest average head weight was recorded in 5-10 cm length group for straight cut (29.38%) and inclined cut (37.24%) dressing styles. Scale and other waste did not show increasing or decreasing trends with growth of N. japonicus. Nomographs were developed to predict the meat yield for various length groups as well as for pooled length group for both straight and inclined cut dressing styles
Consumers’ Preferences for Different Fish Groups in Tripura, India
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Debnath, Biswajit; Biradar, R. S.; Pandey, S. K.; Ananthan, P. S.; Das, Apu; Patil, P. R.
Consumers’ preference for fish in Tripura is facing an interesting dynamism where consumers are supplied with variety of fish species or groups. Preferences for different fish depend on the relative importance given to various attributes of fish and the utility received from it. This paper aims at finding the consumers’ preferences towards various consumption attributes for different fish groups in Tripura. The study was conducted for five selected fish groups across five selected consumption attributes for rural and urban Tripura separately. Local carps, inter-state carps, local non-carps, inter-state non-carps and small weed fish were the five major fish groups identified in fish markets of Tripura. Conjoint analysis of consumption attributes showed 34.08% (for rural Tripura) and 29.72% (for urban Tripura) of relative importance to ‘price’ among five selected attributes (price, taste, availability, freshness and source). ‘Freshness of fish’ was found to be the important consumption attribute for interstate carps and non-carps. Utility profile was found to be the highest for small weed fish (total utility = 31.06) in rural and for local carps (total utility = 35.08) in urban Tripura among five selected Choice Fish Groups. The difference in utility profile between rural and urban may be due to the combination of different factors like higher average income in urban area and greater availability of small weed fish in rural water resources. High income urban consumers have higher purchase power to buy high priced local carps. Boosting up local fish production to reduce the price of fish using ‘principle of supply’ is one of the major strategic options suggested in this study.
Fisher Friend Mobile Application – An Innovative and Promising ICT Tool in Fisheries e-Extension
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2012) Vimala, D. D.; Ravisankar, T
Among the new e-Extension initiatives in the fisheries sector, the advisory services through mobile phone occupy an important place in disseminating information and knowledge to fisherfolk. This study was conducted in Akkarapettai, Samanthanpettai and Chinnangudi villages of Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu where information dissemination through mobile phones is being actively practiced by M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation. A sample of 56 fisherfolk was drawn using simple random sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The study focused on two aspects namely, demographic characteristics of the respondents and the type of information disseminated and its preferences through mobile phone. The information disseminated were: daily weather and wave height forecast, potential fishing zones, GPS based navigation solutions, details of Government schemes in operation, Government subsidies, market/landing centre information, clips of the day and audio clips based on need assessment of the respondents. The constraints such as small size of the mobile screen, too many scrolls to read the full content, slow scrolling speed, small font size and time constraints were expressed. GPS technology integrated, waterresistant model, voice enabled messages, flat models instead of folding types, high capacity charge batteries and GPS software with novel features were preferred by the fisherfo
Bycatch Characterization of Shrimp Trawl Landings off Southwest Coast of India
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2012) Gibinkumar, T.R.; Sabu, S.; Pravin, P.; Boopendranath, M.R.
Bycatch and discards are common and pernicious problems faced by all fisheries globally. It is recognized as unavoidable in any kind of fishing but the quantity varies according to the gear operated. In tropical countries like India, bycatch issue is more complex due to the multi-species and multi-gear nature of the fisheries. Among the different fishing gears, trawling accounts for a higher rate of bycatch, due to comparatively low selectivity of the gear. A study was conducted during 2004 to 2006 using shrimp trawl in the traditional trawling grounds off Cochin in the southwest coast of India to reveal the quality, quantity and monthly variations of bycatch generated by trawlers. Mean monthly bycatch generated by shrimp trawling off Cochin ranged from 1.14 to 38.64 kg h-1, in different months with an overall average of 12.85±1.97 (SE, n=12) kg h-1. Shrimpbycatch ratio ranged from 1:0.6 to 1:6908, during different months. The study identified 281 species including juveniles of commercially important fishes and shellfishes from the shrimp trawl bycatch.
Effect of cryoprotectants on the functional properties of proteins from tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) during frozen storage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2012) Murthy, L.N.; Panda, S.K.; Rajanna, K.B.
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) whole fish (dressed), washed meat and washed meat with cryoprotectants were prepared, frozen and stored at -20 degree C. The stored samples were drawn at 30 day intervals up to 360 days and samples were analyzed for various functional properties of proteins. Gel strength (g cm) decreased gradually for all samples during storage but washed meat showed drastic reduction from initial values of 431.46 to 125.66 g cm. This could be due to aggregation or denaturation of proteins, which lowered the gel forming ability of the meat during the storage period. The effect of freezing on the solubility was to the tune of 25-40% in different samples. The rate of decrease in protein solubility was higher in all the samples immediately after freezing and was minimum in dressed tilapia, where it decreased from 86.46 to 34.94% of total proteins. Free sulphydral group content increased immediately after freezing in all the three samples and subsequently declined, except for the meat with cryoprotectants, where the free sulphydral value remained constant throughout the storage period. Overall, the cryoprotectants were found to be less effective in minimizing deteriorative changes in tilapia meat during frozen storage.

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