Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology

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Browsing Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology by Subject "antibiotic resistance"

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    Biotyping and antibiotic resistance profile of yersinia enterocolitica associated with seafoods from south-west coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2012) Kishore, P.; Lalitha, K.V.; Joseph, T.C.; Thampuran, N.
    This study reports occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A strains resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and sulphamethizole in fish and shellfish species landed in southwest coast of India. Thirty finfish and shellfish samples collected from various sources such as farms, retail outlets and landing centres in south-west coast of India were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. Sixty three Yersinia strains were isolated and characterized. Y. intermedia was the most commonly isolated species. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A was recovered from squid, but did not belong to the pathogenic serogroups O:3, O:5, O:8 or O:9. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolated Y. enterocolitica strains revealed that these strains were resistant (100%) to ampicillin, cephalothin and sulphamethizole. As determined through PCR analysis the Y. enterocolitica isolates from squid carried inv genes, but were negative for ail and yst genes.
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    Microbial risk assessment of freshwater fish for internal Trade : preliminary study
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2005) Padmaja, G.; Rao, B.M.; Surendran, P.K.
    Andhra Pradesh ranks second in inland fish production and almost the entire quantity is channeled to internal markets within the country. A preliminary study was carried out to assess the microbial risks associated with freshwater fish meant for domestic markets. Catla carla and Labeo rohita procured from aquaculture farms and domestic markets in Andhra Pradesh were analysed for bacteriological quality. Total Plate Count (TPC) in the fish samples ranged between lxl03 and 2.3xl07 cfu.g 1 and about one-third of the fish had TPC values above the maximum acceptable limit of 5x I01 cfu.g·1 • Faecal Streptococci was the most frequently encountered faecal indicatorbacteria in the fish samples with prevalence of;::: 90% and counts rangihg between 3x I02 and 5.2x I04 cfu.g·1 • The incidence of sulphite reducing Clostridia was 50% in C. cat/a and 57% in L. rohita with MPN counts ranging from 0.4 to 45 in C. cat/a and from 0.4 to 110 in L. rohita. E.· coli was detected in 28% of L. rohita with counts ranging from 20 to I90 cfu.g·1 and 40% in C. catla with counts ranging from 20 to 1800 cfu.g·1 • One-third of C. carla and one-fifth of L. rohita samples had E. coli counts above the maximum permissible level of 20.g·1 • Fish samples were negative for the presence of Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, but Vibrio cholerae was detected in one sample of C. catla and one sample of L. rohita. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli isolates from C. cat/a (17 isolates) and L. rohitu ( 16 isolates) showed no resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and nortloxacin: showed intermediate resistance to amoxycillin (6%). ciprot1oxacin (6% ), co-trimoxazole (9%) and ampicillin (8%) but showed relatively higher resistance to nalidixic acid (24%), tetracycline (30%) and nitrofurantoin (34%). The E. coli isolates from fish samples showed Multiple Antibiotic Index of 0.13. The results of the preliminary study suggest that the microbial risk with respect to human pathogens in freshwater fish was minimum. However, the hygienic quality of freshwater fish needs improvement. The risk associated with the development of resistance in E.coli isolates from freshwater fish to medically important antibiotics was negligible.
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    Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from marine and freshwater fishes towards Carbapenems
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, India, 2014) Rao, M.B.; Murthy, L.N.; Jesmi, D.; Prasad, M.M.
    The carbapenems are beta-lactam antimicrobial agents with an exceptionally broad spectrum of activity and are active against most Enterobacteriaceae including those that produce ampC b-lactamase. Resistance to carbapenems, especially carbapenems-resistant-Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a serious issue worldwide as it is extremely difficult to combat bacteria resistant to carbapenems. Fifty two isolates of Escherichia coli and twelve isolates of Salmonella (invA and stn gene positive) isolated from marine fish and freshwater fish were tested for their susceptibility to carbapenems namely meropenem, imipenem and ertapenem. A low percentage (3.9%) of E.coli showed resistance to meropenem, while 11.5 & 17% of E.coli and 8.3 & 25% of Salmonella showed intermediate sensitivity to meropenem and ertapenem, respectively. However, 100% of E. coli and Salmonella were sensitive to imipenem. Importantly, meropenem resistant E.coli was also found to be resistant to other antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and tetracycline. The results indicate that carbapenem resistance in E. coli and Salmonella isolated from fish was marginal but nevertheless needs continuous monitoring.