Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology

Permanent URI for this community

http://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/50

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 280

Simplified procedure for the detection of hydrolysis of starch by bacteria
(Current Science Association, 1964) Iyer, K.M.; Karthiayani, T.C.
The recommended procedure is to flood the starch-incorporated solid medium containing the bacterial growth with Lugol's iodine is discussed here.
Sampling of frozen prawns for bacteriological estimation
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1964) Iyer, H.K.; Kaimal, P.N,R.; Pillai, V.K.
Experiments were conducted to study the significance of difference between samples taken from the surface and interior of a frozen shrimp block, as well as to determine the size of sample necessary to represent the whole block, with respect to bacterial count determination. The results showed that the surface samples and interior samples did not differ significantly at 5% level of significance and that the minimum quantity representative of the block was (21-26) gms. in the case of a block weighing about 1300 gms. The procedure adopted for taking the bacterial count was the normal standard plate count method.
Investigations on sanitational aspects [microbiological] of prawn processing factories
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1965) Gopalakrishnan, T.S.; Choudhuri, D.R.
Absence of regular cleaning has been found to result in heavy bacterial loads on the surfaces of utensils and other equipments used in prawn processing factories and peeling centres . Instance of high faecal contamination are also sometimes met with. Detailed investigations have shown that a cleaning schedule comprising of treatment of these surface with a detergent followed by application of an effective disinfectant like sodium hypochlorite would prevent such bacterial build up.
Factors influencing colour production from sugar medium used for rapid approximation of bacterial counts in fishery products
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 1965) Mathen, C.; Choudhury, D.R.
Results of the studies carried out to elucidate the factors influencing colour production from the sugar medium used for the rapid approximation of bacterial counts in fishery products are reported. The effect of particle size, trace elements, salt soluble protein and non-protein fractions, rate of mulipication of bacteria, in the medium, surface bacteria and the rate of colour production by individual strains of bacteria were studied. It is observed that the best results are obtained when a sea-water homogenate is used.
Survey of the microbiological quality of commercial frozen prawn products
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 1965) Pillai, V.K.; Lekshmy, A.; Govindan, T.K.; Mathen, C.; Iyer, H.K.
The paper presents the results of a bacteriological survey carried out on 2917samples of frozen prawn ,55 samples of raw material, 35 samples of water, 4 samples of ice and 42 samples of various equipments used for processing . The survey covered a period of three years (1960 - 63) and comprised of samples collected from five of the leading processing factories in Cochin . Frozen products tested consisted of headless (marine and fresh water), peeled and deveined and cooked frozen samples . Statistical analysis of the data shows that there is no significant variation between samples and between factories with respect to product quality . The standard plate count varied between 1 .0 X 104 and 1 .0 X 106 per gram for headless and between 1 .0 X 104 and 1 .0 X 107 for peeled and deveined and cooked frozen samples. Majority of the samples had bacterial load well within the limits prescribed for such products.
Bacteria in processed fish - the problem and solution
(1967) Bose, A.N.
Behaviour of marine microflora towards antibiotics - I. Sensitivity towards chlorotetracycline (CTC)
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1971) Surendran, P. K.; MahadevaIyer, K.
The sensitivity of 61 cultures of bacteria isolated from !fish towards chlortetracycline (CTC) at 5 ppm and 20 ppm levels lhas been determined on two solid media, viz; sea water agar (SW A) and a distilled water based medium consisting of peptone, beef extract, glucose and NaCI (PBGA). The cultures employed consisted of (i) gram-negative rods of marine origin viz; Achromobacler, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Flavobacterium and (ii) gram positive orga• nisms viz; Micrococci and Corynebacterium. Depending on the inhibition zone diameter, the order of CTC sensitivity was found to be Pseudomonas < Vibrio < Achromobacter as determined on PBGA at CTC levels of 5 and 20 ppm. The SWA enhanced the development of resistance in majority of the cultures as compared to PBGA. PBG broth containing CTC at less than 10 ppm exerted a bacteriostatic effect only while that containing 10 ppm or more exerted a bactericidal effect on Achromobacter, Pseudomonas and Micrococci cultures. The significance of these results in fish preservation by CTC is discussed.
Bacteriological Investigations of Prawn Canneries I . Incidence of Aerobic Sporeformers
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1971) Nambiar, V.N.; Iyer, K.M.
A detailed bacteriological survey of the prawn canneries of Cochin area was carried out to study the nature and type of microorganisms present in the factory environs and their role in causing contamination of the canned products. About 26% of the total of 1030 strains isolated were found to be gram positive spore-formers of the Bacillus type, the cooling water being their major source. Similar types of organisms formed the major group often met with in defective canned prawn samples picked up from the factories for examination, thus establishing a correlation between bacterial characteristics and load of cooling water and can cantamination.
Studies on isolation of Salmonella from seafoods - I. Comparison of enrishment and selective media for recovery of salmonella from fish
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1972) Arul James, M.; MahadevaIyer, K.
Three enrichment broths and six plating media were compared for efficiency of detection of Salmonella in the presence of high numbers of Conforms (105/ml) and proteus (103/m1) from artificially inoculated fish samples. Recovery experiments with Salmonellaanatum S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis indicated that the two enrichment broths viz. Dulcitol Selinite (DSE) and Selinite Cystine (SC) were equally efficient. Further, the viability of Salmonella, inoculated into fish muscle and kept at 40 C for 48 hours, was found to be not affected by the low temperature storage. Selective plating media like Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD), Brilliant Green Sulphadiazine agar (BGS) and Brilliant Green agar (BG) were found to be superior in performance to Salmonella-Shigella agar: (SS) and Bismuth Sul phite agar (BiS).
Bacteriological investigations of prawn canneries - II. Incidence of Clostridium perfringens
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1973) Narayanan Nambiar, V.; MahadevaIyer, K.
Prawn processing factories of the three major fish processing centres of the West Coast of India, viz., Cochin, Mangalore and Calicut were surveyed to determine the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in processing areas, and in processed products. Direct plating on Sulphite -polymyxin- sulphadiazine Agar and enrichment techniques were used. Samples of prawn, prawn guts, frozen prawns, canned prawns, water, ice, swab from utensils and soil from the factory premises were examined. Among a total of 461 samples examined, only 32 (6.9%) gave positive results. The incidence of C. pe1jringens was more in prawn guts (80%), followed by soil (50%), prawn (38%), ice (33.3%), frozen prawns (11%), swab (5.0%) and water (1.1%). No C. perfringens was isolated from canned prawns.
Morphological,biochemical and growth characteristics of serratia strains isolated from sardine [Sardinella longiceps]
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 1974) Nambiar, V.N.; Surendran, P.K.; Iyer, M.K
Two aerobic, gram-negative asporogenous, red-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated from oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) . Their morphological, biochemical and growth characteristics are reported . The pigment was identified to be a prodigiosene . The strains were found to resemble Serratia plyinuthica . Effect of temperature and certain carbohydrates on pigmentation was also studied . Iron was found to inhibit pigmentation, and mannitol or sorbitol removed such inhibition.
Bacterial Flora of Fresh and Iced Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger Kanagurta) and its Response to Chlortetracycline (CTC) Treatment
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1976) Surendran, P.K.; Iyer, K.M.
Quantitative and qualitative studies on the bacterial flora of fresh Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) have been made. The total native flora as well as 5 ppm. CTC insensitive flora of the fish showed variations with season. About 90 % of the fresh fish flora was sensitive to 5 ppm . CTC. The natural flora of the fresh fish consisted of Vibrios, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Corynebacteria,Micrococci, Bacillus and yeasts . In the CTC insensitive flora, Vibrios predominated followed by yeasts . The selection of bacterial genera during storage of the fish in ice and in 5 ppm. CTC incorporated ice has also been investigated . At the time of spoilage, Pseudomonas were found to be the dominant flora of the fish stored in both types of ice .
Enteropathogenic E. coli and other coliforms in marine fish
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1978) Rao, C.C.P.
One hundred and twenty six samples of marine fish (96 from landing centre and 30 from retail market) and swabs from deck surfaces of 34 fishing boats were examined for coliforms including enteropathogenic E. Coli. Forty out of 96 fish samples from landing centre, 24 out of 30 from retail market and 11 out of 34 fishing boats revealed coliforms. On further tests, 5, 7 and 4 coliform isolates from the three groups respectively were found to be E. coli. Two of the E. coli. isolates, one from sciaenids and one from cat fish, were found to be enteropathogenic serotypes 055 and 0111. Enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli are reported from sciaenids and cat fish for the first time in this country.
Enteropathogenic E. coli and other coliforms in marine fish
(Society of Fisheries Technologists India, Cochin, 1978) Panduranga Rao, C.C.; Gupta, S.S.
One hundred and twenty six samples of marine fish (96 from landing centre and 30 from retail market) and swabs from deck surfaces of 34 fishing boats were examined for coliforms including enteropathogenic E. coli . Forty out of 96 fish samples from landing centre, 24 out of 30 from retail market and 11 out of 34 fishing boats revealed coliforms. On further tests, 5, 7 and 4 coliform isolates from the three groups respectively were found to be E. coli . Two of the E. coli isolates, one from sciaenids and one from cat fish, were found to be enteropathogenic serotypes 055 and 0111. Enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli are reported from sciaenids and cat fish for the first time in this country.
Studies on the growth temperature ranges of bacteria isolated from fresh sardine at different primary incubation temperatures
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1979) Nirmala Thampuran; Mahadeva Iyer, K.
The effect of primary incubation temperature on the growth temperature range was studied with reference to 296 bacterial cultures isolated from sardine using streak plate technique. The primary incubation temperature used during bacteriological sampling caused a selection of strains according to their growth temperature requirements. Incubation at 8°C caused greater recoveries of psychrotrophs while 3rC favoured mesophiles. An incubation temperature of 30°C facilitated the growth of both psychrotrophs and mesophiles.
Bacterio!ogy of Spoi!age of Canned Prawns
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1980) Nambiar, V.N.
Spoilage characteristics of different types of bacteria isolated from bacteriologically defective cans and processing factory environs were studied by inoculating pure cultures into sterile prawn meat. The pattern of spoilage, production of off odour, bulging of the cans and disintegration of meat were observed. Data on spoilage under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions are presented. Most of the cultures produced some kind of spoilage, though differences were observed in the extent of spoilage produced by different types of bacteria. Gram positive spore formers were found to be the major spoilers and the extent of spoilage was more with mixed cultures.
Isolation of salmonella larochelle for the first time in India
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1981) Iyer, T.S.G.; Damle, S.P.
The influenceof plating technique and incubation temperature on bacterial count from fish and fishery products
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1981) Nirmala Thampuran; Iyer, H.K.; Iyer, K.M.
For bacterial sampling of raw unprocessed fish and frozen fishery products, spread plate method is preferable to pour plate method; incubation of plates at 30°C gives a higher count than incubation at 37°C. Analysis of variance of the data shows that sample variation between different types of fishes is highly significant whereas the variations between triplicate plates is not significant at 5 % level.
The bacteriology of oil sardine (sardinella longiceps) and mackerel (rastrelliger kanagurta) caught from tropical waters off Cochin - I - quantitative aspects
(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 1982) Surendran, P.K.; Gopakumar, K.
The total aerobic viable plate counts (TPCs) of skin, gills and intestine of newly caught oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and Indian mackerel ( Rastrelliger kanagurta) at four different temperatures, namely 36 ± 1°C , 28 ±2°C (RT), 8 ± 1°C and 1 ±1°C , are reported. The total plate count at RT of the skin of oil sardine and Indian mackerel were in the range of lOS to 107 and 104 to 106 per cm2, that of gills in the range of 105 to lOB and 104 to lOB per g and that intestine in the range of 10s to 109 and 105 to 108 per g respectively. The TPCs were markedly affected by the incubation temperature. Incubation at 28±2°C gave the highest count; at 36± 1°C and 8 ± 1°C , the counts decreased by nearly 1-2 log. cycles from that at RT. Incubation at 1 ± 1°C registered the lowest count. The peak values for bacterial counts of these fishes occurred at different periods of the year.
Bacterial Flora of EDTA Treated Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and Prawn (Mefapenaeus dobsoni) in Ice Storage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), Cochin, 1982) Surendran, P.K.; Gopakumar, K.
The native flora of fresh oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps ) and mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta ) consisted mainly of Pseudomonas spp; Moraxella spp.; Acinetobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. During spoilage in ice, nearly 75% of their bacterial flora belonged to Pseudomonas spp. alone. But Na sub(2) EDTA treatment reduced the proportion of Pseudomonas) spp. considerably and the major bacterial groups at the time of spoilage were Moraxella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. In the case of fresh prawn (Metapenaeus dobsoni ) the native flora were constituted by Pseudomonas spp.; Moraxella spp.; Acenetobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. At the time of spoilage of prawn in ice, Moraxella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. predominated, together constituting 74% of the total population. Na sub(2) EDTA treatment did not alter significantly the spoilage flora of prawns. Morazella) spp. and Acinetobacter spp. accounted for 86% of the spoilage flora in ice storage of Na sub(2) EDTA treated prawns.

Browse

Browsing Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options