Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology

Permanent URI for this community

http://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/50

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 280

A revisited two-step microtiter plate assay: Optimization of in vitro multiplicity of infection (MOI) for Coliphage and Vibriophage
(Elsevier, 2021-08) Benala, Manikantha; Vaiyapuri, Murugadas; Sivam, Visnuvinayagam; Chalil George, Joshy; Raveendran, Karthika; George, Iris; Mothadaka, Mukteswar Prasad; Badireddy, Madhusudana Rao
A 2-step microtiter plate assay was developed to simultaneously check wide values of MOIs of bacteriophages, ranging between MOI-0.0001 and MOI-10000 in the first step and optimize the most suitable MOI (lowest quantity of phage) for inhibiting the growth of the target bacteria in the second step. The results of the first step revealed that the effective MOI of coliphage-ɸ5 for controlling the growth of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) E. coli was between 4.36 and 43.6 for E.coli-EC-3; between 38.2 and 382 for E.coli-EC-7 and between 81.5 and 815 for E. coli-EC-11. The optimum MOI of coliphage-ɸ5 determined in the second step was 17.44, 191 and 326 for controlling the growth of E.coli-EC-3; E.coli-EC-7 and E.coli-EC-11, respectively. The effective MOI of vibriophageɸLV6 for controlling luminescent Vibrio harveyi in the first step was found to be between 18.3 and 183 and the optimum MOI as determined in the second step was 79. The sequential 2-step microtiter plate method yielded faster optimization of MOI and was economical compared to the conventional flask method. The measurement of OD values at 550 nm and 600 nm showed similar trend and replicate data from 5-wells and 3-wells yielded identical pattern indicating that the measuring absorbance data in 3-replicate wells at either OD550 or OD600 is sufficient to generate quantifiable phage lysis data. The 2-step microtiter plate assay finds application in phage therapy in human health care, agriculture and animal agriculture for determining the optimum MOIs for selected bacteriophages.
AMR in fisheries sector, detection & control
(ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 2018) Murugadas, V.; Prasad, M.M.
Anaerobic pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and fishery products
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2000) Surendran, P.K.
Based on the requirements of oxygen for growth and viability, bacteria are divided into Aerobes, Anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and Microaerophilic (vide infra). Those bacteria which can grow only in the absence of oxygen are termed 'anaerobes'. Anaerobes bacteria which are pathogenic are found associated with fish, fishery products and fishery environments. Examples are Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens (also called C. welchii), Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.
Anaerobic pathogens in seafood
(Central Institude of Fisheries Technology, 2003) Lalitha, K.V.
Among anaerobic pathogens, two species are incriminated in seafood-borne disease outbreaks. Clostridium perfringens is responsible for food-borne infections in man. Clostridium perfringens is associated with food-borne intoxications.
Antibacterial activity of lactobacillus species against pathogens of seafood origin
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2003) Nair, P.S.; Surendran, P.K.
Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) were isolated from seafoods. Among the LAB, Lactobacillus was the predominant genus isolated. The Lactobacillus species identified were Lactobacillus plantarum, L. gasseri, L. buchneri, L. alimentarius, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. animalis and L. reuteri. L. plantarum was the predominant Lactobacillus species in the seafoods tested. The biochemical and antibacterial activity of selected cultures were studied. The antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus cultures were tested against pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio choleroe and V. vulnificus. The Lactobacillus cultures showed highest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and B. cereus. The bacteriocins from LAB cultures were active against other LAB cultures. The cherecterization of the antibacterial factor confirmed the presence of bacteriocins in Lactobacillus cultures from seafood.
Antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from seafoods
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), Cochin, 2006) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thankappan, T.K.
Antibacterial activity of shrimp shell based chitosan was determined against three food borne pathogens viz., Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from seafoods. Tests were carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.0. Four different concentrations, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v) of chitosan were used against E.coli and Salmonella, and 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.5% and 1% were against P.aeruginosa. Chitosan showed stronger bactericidal activity against Salmonella compared to E.coli and P.aeruginosa as evidenced by 3 log cfu.ml super(-1) reduction in Salmonella count with 0.01% chitosan concentration. There was complete elimination of 5 log cfu.ml super(-1) cell count of Salmonella within 24 h at 0.1% chitosan level. There was 3 log reduction in E.coli count at 0.01% chitosan, but not completely inhibited even at the maximum used concentration (0.1%). The inhibition concentration against P.aeruginosa was higher level compared to Enterobacteriaceae and it was found that reduction in 5 log cfu.ml super(-1) was achieved only at 72 h of chitosan exposure. Different chitosan concentrations 0.05%, 0.1% and 1% had almost same inhibition pattern for P.aeruginosa at 6h. 18h 36h and 72h of exposure. The effectiveness of chitosan against tested pathogens showed Salmonella was most susceptible towards chitosan followed by E.coli and P.aeruginosa.
Antibiotic free fishery products from aquaculture (in Telugu)
(2019) Rao, B.M.
Antibiotic residues in fish and fishery products
(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 2005) Surendran, P.K.
Antibiotic residues in processed seafood have become a serious health hazard to the consumer and an economic hazard to the exporters. The problem of antibiotic residues has been associated mainly with processed shrimps which is being discussed here.
Antibiotic residues in seafood-a hazard
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2003) Surendran, P.K.
Wild shrimps, being mainly marine, have no chance of having antibiotic residues. But farmed shrimp used to have antibiotic residues as a consequence of aquaculture practices. Antibiotics used in aquaculture, whether as therapeutic, prophylactic or growth promoter will accumulate in shrimp tissues and exoskeleton. International trade regulations do not permit antibiotic residues in processed fishery products. Instances of rejection/detention of frozen shrimp/scampi in the port of entry of importing countries, due to detection of antibiotic residues are very frequent. The paper reviews the present status of antibiotic residues in shrimp vis-a-vis the trade regulations and discusses the problems faced by seafood processors.
Antibiotic resistance pattern in heterotrophic bacteria isolated from fish cultured farms
(2017) Basha, K.A.; Narsia, K.; Sivaraman, G.K.; Prasad, M.M.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Seafood
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), 2016) Murugadas, V.; Joseph, T.C.; Lalitha, K.V.
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen known to cause hospital, community acquired and foodborne illness with varying susceptibility to antibiotics. The selective pressure due to the use of antibiotics along with horizontal and vertical gene transfer has resulted in the evolution of multidrug resistant S. aureus. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus isolated from seafood of Kerala, India. One hundred and thirty three S. aureus isolates obtained during 2012 to 2015 were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with a set of 20 antibiotics representing eleven classes of antibiotics by standard disk diffusion assay. The study revealed that 90.9% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics. Resistance was found among 33.8, 27.8, 17.3, 6.8, 3.8, 0.7 and 0.7% isolates to one, two, three, four, five, six and eight classes of antibiotics respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 29.3% of the S. aureus isolates with resistance to antibiotics ranging from 3 to 8 classes of antibiotics. The study reveals that S. aureus isolates were sensitive to aminoglycosides and phenicols.
Antibiotic resistant profile of Escherichia coli isolated from the seafood samples of Veraval coast, Gujarat
(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 2017) Basha, K.A.; Sivaraman, G.K.; Prasad, M.M.
Antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from labeo rohita sold in burla fish market, orissa
(Asian Fisheries Society, 2009) Sahoo, R.S.; Sahu, J.; Prasad, M.M.
Screening of commercial sold freshwater Labeo rohita revealed that the staphylococcal count decreased from one to two log cycles/g upon washing the fish. The fish samples harboured more number of staphylococci in edible meat portion than in guts. The microscopic, biochemical and oxidative fermentations tests of the isolates by conventional and rapid detection methods revealed that they are Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. auricularius and S. caseolyticus. When the isolates were compared with 45 different antibiotics the results varied from susceptible to resistant in comparison with American Type Culture Collection cultures. In comparison to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute isolates both the staphylococcal test cultures were resistant to penicillin (G) and vancomycin. With other antibiotics viz., Pristinamycin, Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid, Gatifloxacin, Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Cefeprime, Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Fosfomycin, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam the results varied from intermediate to sensitive.
Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against human significant pathogens
(2017) Kishore, P.; Mohan, C.O.; Sreelakshmi, K.R.; Panda, S.K.
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR): the ICAR-CIFT contribution in addressing the problem
(MPEDA & Seafood Exporters Association of India, 2018) Prasad, M.M.; Ravishankar, C.N.
The paper discusses CIFT's contributions in addressing Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fish and fishery products and in aquatic systems.
Antimicrobial resistance in Vibrios of shrimp aquaculture: Incidence, identification schemes, drivers and mitigation measures
(Springer, 2021-01-18) Vaiyapuri, Murugadas; Pailla, Sravya; Badireddy, Madhusudana Rao; Pillai, Devika; C. N., Ravishankar; Mothadaka, Mukteswar Prasad
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to the human, and animal population, worldwide. The antimicrobials used across all the sectors eventually pollute the aquatic environment and transform it into a hot spot for the emergence and spread of AMR. The bacteria under the genera Vibrio being ubiquitous to aquatic environment include a few species which are pathogenic to humans and aquatic animals. Despite extensive reviews available on AMR in human, terrestrial animal sectors and environment, there is a dearth of summarized information on AMR in Vibrios in shrimp aquaculture environment. In comparison to the human, and terrestrial animal health sector, a methodology for determination of AMR in vibrios associated with aquatic animals is still in its nascent stages and needs harmonization. The present review is centred on the AMR status in vibrios of shrimp farming environment and recent advances in the detection of resistance and discusses methodologies for AMR determination in vibrios and possible mitigation measures to control AMR spread.
Assessment of microbial quality of fish processing industrial effluent in bar-mouth at Bhidia landing site, Veraval, Gujarat, India
(Triveni Enterprises, 2016) Sivaraman, G.K.; Visnuvinayagam, S.; Jha, A.K.; Renuka, V.; Remya, S.; Deesha, V.
The present study was carried out to assess the microbial quality of fish processing industries effluent at Bhidia bar- mouth, Veraval, Gujarat during April, 2012 to March 2013. The total viable bacterial count (TVBC), total Enterobacteriaceae count, E.coli count (EC), Staphylococcus aureus and Fecal Streptococcal count in effluent ranged from 3.0 x 10 to 6.8 x 10 , 9.0 x 10 to 2.9 x 10 , 0 to 0. 5 x 10 , 0 to 0. 4 x 10 and 0.3 x 10 to 0. 1 x 10 cfu.ml , respectively. Significantly higher load of TEC ,E.coli, S.aureus , Fecal Streptococci, Total coliforms and Fecal coliforms were higher during summer whereas, TVBC was higher in the month of Sept.-Oct. Furthermore, the total coliform and fecal coliform counts were found to be higher with 1400+ /100ml MPN value throughout the year of the study, except in the month of August. Overall occurrence of pathogenic strains of E.coli, S.aureus and Fecal streptococci were 41.67%, 25.00% and 66.67% respectively during this period. The antibiogram of the isolated E.coli isolates show that almost 50% were resistant to Cefazidime/ Clavulanic acid (CAC), Amoxyclav (AMC), Ciprofloxacin (CIF) and Ampicillin (AMP). The present study indicated that the effluent of fish processing industry was heavily contaminated with E.coli, S. aureus and Fecal Streptococci which confirmed improper treatment of fish processing effluent. Moreover, the precedence of antibiotic resistant E.coli may pose threat to public health safety.
Bacteria in processed fish - the problem and solution
(1967) Bose, A.N.
Bacteria of sanitary significance in brackish water aquaculture farms and shrimps
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2003) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.
Microbial parameters viz., Escherichia coli, coliforms, vibrios and sulphate reducing clostridia of brackish water aquaculture farms and shrimps along with physio-chemical parameters have been investigated. The study covers the brackish watr farms of Ernakulam District (Kerala, India). There were visible variations in the pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and light penetration in the farm water. Total bacterial count of water, sediment, and the sample of shrimps varied among different farms. Total plate count (TPC) for shrimp was highest followed by sediment and water. Counts for vibrios, coliforms, E.coli, and sulphite reducing clostridia (MPN) in sediment samples also showed the same trend. Counts for vibrios, coliforms, E.coli, and sulphite reducing clostridia in prawn samples were higher than in the water and sediment samples. There was a seasonal variation in the bacterial counts as TPC, E.coli and total coliform counts were higher during monsoon season while the vibrio count was higher during the post-monsoon season. Salinity was maximum during pre-monsoon, whwreas it was less during monsoon period. Dissolved oxygen was 8mg during monsoon period, whereas it was less during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period.
Bacterial Flora of EDTA Treated Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and Prawn (Mefapenaeus dobsoni) in Ice Storage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India), Cochin, 1982) Surendran, P.K.; Gopakumar, K.
The native flora of fresh oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps ) and mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta ) consisted mainly of Pseudomonas spp; Moraxella spp.; Acinetobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. During spoilage in ice, nearly 75% of their bacterial flora belonged to Pseudomonas spp. alone. But Na sub(2) EDTA treatment reduced the proportion of Pseudomonas) spp. considerably and the major bacterial groups at the time of spoilage were Moraxella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. In the case of fresh prawn (Metapenaeus dobsoni ) the native flora were constituted by Pseudomonas spp.; Moraxella spp.; Acenetobacter spp. and Vibrio spp. At the time of spoilage of prawn in ice, Moraxella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. predominated, together constituting 74% of the total population. Na sub(2) EDTA treatment did not alter significantly the spoilage flora of prawns. Morazella) spp. and Acinetobacter spp. accounted for 86% of the spoilage flora in ice storage of Na sub(2) EDTA treated prawns.

Browse

Browsing Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options