2008

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Adoption of oyster culture by women in Kerala
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Immanuel, Sheela
A study was conducted with the objective of examining the socio economic impact of the technology that was transferred to the women folk through variuos methodologies and to empower these women both socially and economically through the adoption of these technologies. Fisher folk in the coastal belts were identified from selected villages viz., Ayiramthengn (23), Dalavapuram (24) and Azheekal (23)and the technology of edible oyster culture was demonstrated. Data were collected from the women with the help of a structured interview schedule. Data were collected for a period of three months during the year 2002- 03. Percentage analysis was done to categorise them under different groups. The study indicated that group farming appears to be the ideal means for the propagation of oyster culture in this region. Serious constraint faced by these groups were identified and suitable remedial measures suggested to overcome the constraints.
Antagonistic Fish Gut Bacterium Lactobacillus sp. as Biocontrol Agent in Ornamental Fish Culture
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Abraham, T. Jawahar
The effect of addition of a fish gut bacterium Lactobacillus sp. P21 in to the rearing water on Pseudomonas fluorescens induced mortalities in ornamental fishes was examined. The goldfish, Carassius auratus and swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri were almost 3.7-4.7 times as likely to become infected when exposed to P. fluorescens (106 cfu/mL) compared to control. The introduction of Lactobacillus sp. into the culture system seeded with P. fluorescens reduced the relative risk by more than two folds through the production of low molecular weight bacteriocin-like-substance.
Awareness and Utilization of Computers by Shrimp Farmers
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Mahalakshmi, P.; Shanthi, B.; Krishnan, M.; Vimala, D. Deboral; Sarada, C.
A study was conducted in Thiruvallur and Thoothukudi districts of Tamil Nadu to assess the shrimp farmers awareness and utilization of computers, and their constraints. The major sources of awareness utilized by the farmers are personal localite channels like fellow farmers and friends (42 percent) and mass media channels (34 percent) followed by, extension agency contact (18 percent), and internet (8 percent). Regression analyses on the awareness scores among the respondents revealed that the eight independent variables explained 71 percent of the variance in the farmers' awareness on use of computers. Further the results also revealed that four variables viz., age, farming experience, farm size, and mass media exposure would have to be strengthened to increase the awareness on the utility of computers in shrimp farms. 78 percent of the respondents used computers for non-aquacultural activities followed by 4 percent of them who had exposure to programming and database design, and 22 percent of the respondents had exposure to e-mail services. Lack of technical knowledge and technical support were the main constraints found in the awareness and utilization of computers by shrimp farmers.
Certain Biological Aspects of Carangoides ferdau (Forsskal, 1775) and Scomberoides lysan (Forsskal, 1775) Caught from drift Gillnets of Kanyakumari Coast
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Balasubramaniam, A.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Venkateshvaran, K.; Meenakumari, B.; Boopendranath, M.R.; Pravin, P.
Carangid species of Cranngoides ferdnu and Scomberoidelysmr caught using large mesh drift gillnets with mesh sizes of 135, 140, 145 and 150 mm from Kanyakumari coast of Tamil nadu, India were studied for two yea rs from September 2002 to April 2004. Biological aspects such as fork length-weight, girth-weight, fork length-gill girth and fork length-maximum girth ratio of these two species were studied. In addi tion, condition factor and length at first maturity also were studied. Both the species exhibited negative allometric growth and 'b' value of the length-weight and girth-weight relationship differed significantly (P
Comparative Efficacy of Cypermethrin - Creosote and CCA - Creosote Treatments against Biodeterioration of Rubber Wood under Field Conditions
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Edwin, L.
Synthetic pyrethroids are increasingly being used as wood preservatives because of their high degree of contact toxicity, low solubility and low mammalian toxicity. A mixture of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, with creosote is tried for its efficacy against biodeterioration of rubber wood under marine, atmospheric and soil conditions. This has been compared with the performance of CCA-creosote treatment, which has been effectively used for increasing the durability of many non-durable timbers. The compressive stress parallel to grain of the untreated,. treated and exposed panels is assessed. The creosote component imparts higher strength to the treated wood in both types of treatments. It is seen that the cypermethrin- creosote mixture imparts resistance to biodeterioration under atmospheric and soil conditions while dual treatment with Copper-Chrome -Arsenic (CCA) and creosote is more effective under marine conditions.
Comparative studies on quality changes of air blast and plate frozen mackerel (rastrelliger kanagurta) during frozen storage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Lakshmisha, I.P.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Gopal, T.K.S.; Ninan, G.
Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier ) frozen in commercial plate and air blast freezers were studied to compare the quality changes during frozen storage (-l8°C), The frozen fish were sealed in polythene bags of food grade Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), 120 gauge thick ccnfornling,tc IS: 9845 = 1981) then packed in S ply corrugated fiberboard carton and were analyzed for changes in quality during storage at -l8°C. The moisture and protein content in air blast frozen samples ere decreased (pO.OS} in PV of both the samples. TBA of air blast frozen samples showed an increasing trend (pO.OS). The TMA-N and TVB-N of both the samples showed an increasing trend but air blast frozen samples showed little higher values (p
Effect of different levels of fermentable carbohydrate on the degree of hydrolysis of fish silage
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Zynudheen, A.A.; Thampuran, N.; Joseph, J.; Nair, K.G.R.
Fermented silage production by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) represents a low cost method for the preparation of food and feed products characterized by hygienic quality and improved shelf life. The present study aimed to compare the effect of different levels of fermentable carbohydrate on the microbial level and the degree of hydrolysis in fermented fish silage from whole fish and dressed fish. Fermented fish silage was prepared with different levels of jaggery (w/w) i.e., 5%, 10% and 15% viz., type I type II and type III respectively. The study indicated that pH values decreased in all the samples during the period of ensilation except in type I sample which showed a higher pH after four days. Since the type I silage was spoiled at an early stage it. is. evident that 5% jaggery is not sufficient for proper preservation through fermentation. But in type II and type III, the changes in pH and degree of hydrolysis do not show significant difference during ensilation. The bacteriological results also indicate that the fermentation patterns of both type II and type III are almost same. Hence it is evident that for successful Lactobacillus fermentation of tilapia 10%, jaggery is sufficient either in whole condition or in dressed condition.
Effect of fish protein on isoprenaline - induced alterations in lipid and antioxidant status in adipose tissue of rats
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Nair, P.G.V.
The present study was designed to examine the protective effect of 20% fish protein in adipose tissue of isoprenaline-treated male albino rats. The protective effect was determined based on the following criteria: total body and adipose tissue weight, protein concentration in adipose tissue, total lipid in adipose tissue, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids of serum and adipose tissue and anti-peroxidative enzymes in adipose tissue. Fish protein feeding brought about a significant decrease in the total body weight and adipose tissue weight and in levels of adipose tissue total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids. Fish protein fed rats showed significant rise in adipose tissue protein content. It also prevented a rise in antiperoxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase and elevated the levels of reduced glutathione which indicates that fish protein protects against lipid peroxidation. Fish protein feeding has also led to lowering of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids and increased the proportion of HDL cholesterol. The protective effect of fish protein is believed to be due to its unique amino acids content namely, the reduced methionine: glycine and lysine: arginine ratios and increased sulphur containing amino acids.
Effect of rotation on the heat transfer characteristics and texture of canned skipjack tuna in tin-free steel cans
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Xavier, K.A.M.; Sreenath, P.G.; Sil, S.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Bindu, J.; Gopal, T.K.S.
Heat transfer characteristics of Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in indigenous polyester coated easy open-end tin free steel cans processed in rotary retort were studied at different rotational speeds. Precooked tuna meat was processed in groundnut oil medium to an F sub(o) value of 10 minutes and the effects of rotation were compared with a Stationary retort. Heat penetration data were recorded using Ellab TM 9608 Temperature recorder cum process value integrator. The study reveals that rotation decreases the heating rate index to 25%. Cook value reduced to 11.51-17.46% during rotation. Total process time also reduced when subjected to rotation, but the magnitude of reduction in processing time decreased with increase in speed of rotation. Textural parameters like hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness are also increased during rotation due to less process time and faster heat penetration.
Frozen storage studies of mince based products developed from tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus, peters 1852)
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Ninan, G.; Bindu, J.; Joseph, J.
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a relatively abundant, low value fish that has wide distribution in India due to its adaptability to different environments. In India, the fish has limited scope for consumption in the fresh form. This study is an attempt to explore the possibilities of better utilization of this species by development of mince-based value added products and the evaluation of shelf life during frozen storage. Mince from Tilapia was used for the preparation of value added products viz., chilly fish, fish cutlet and fish balls. The biochemical and sensory parameters were analysed to study the quality changes and shelf life of these products in frozen storage at - 20 C. The products had a good shelf life of 18 to 21 weeks in frozen storage.
Fuel consumption pattern by the mechanized fishing sector in andhrapradesh
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Gopal, N.; Jeeva, J.C.; Unnithan, G.R.
The study aims at ascertaining the fuel utilization pattern by different classes of mechanized fishing vessels in Andhra Pradesh. The estimate gives the consumption pattern of 7941 kL of diesel for small mechanized, 3818 kL for sona, 3684 kL for mini trawlers and 11256 kL for trawlers with the pooled estimate for Visakhapatnam district as a whole being 26699 kL for the year 2004. The consumption in Andhra Pradesh state was 19698 kL for small mechanized, 21744 kL for sona, 3684 kL for mini trawlers and 11256 kL for trawlers, the pooled estimate being 56382 kL. The average per day fuel utilization by different categories of crafts was 117.83 Its for small mechanized, 202.44 Its for sona, 502.54 Its for mini trawlers and 1173.26 Its for trawlers. Based on the ideal fishing trips that can be undertaken by different categories of crafts, it has been estimated that the mechanized sector as a whole has undertaken only 79.58% operation in Visakhapatnam and 79.7% in whole of Andhra Pradesh state during the year of study.
Hygienic Status in Domestic Fish Trade of Mumbai, India with Special Reference to Salmonella Contamination
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Sahu, Brundaban; Singh, S.D.; Behera, B.K.; Gopal, R.N.
An attempt has been made to study the prevailing hygienic status in domestic fish trade with special emphasis on pathogenic Salmonella contamination. In this study samples of fish, prawn and fish handling environments obtained from retail fish markets, fish landing centres and processing plants of Mumbai, India were analysed for total bacterial load and also for incidence of salmonella. The Total Plate Count (TPC) of different samples varied between 3.28 log cfu/g and 7.04 log cfu/ g. The TPC level in fish and prawn samples from fish landing centres and fish markets were always on higher side and varied between 5.87 and 7.04 log cfu/g. More than 18 % of the samples from the fish markets were contaminated with Salmonella, while none of the fish or shrimp samples from landing centres or the processing plants was found to be contaminated. A total of 26 Salmonella strains, belonging to 11 serovars, were isolated, of which as high as 9 serovars were isolated from different samples of fish markets. Most of the serovars isolated in this study were pathogenic in nature and reported to be responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis in human. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis to test the pathogenicity of the isolated strains confirmed their invasive nature. Looking at the extent of Salmonella contamination with variety of serovars and probable contamination with other pathogens in the samples of fish markets, the domestic retail outlets, a great deal of care is suggested while preparation of such contaminated fish.
Identification of Polymorphic Allozyme Markers for Assessing Genetic Variability in Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Singh, Rajeev K; Mohindra, Vindhya; Punia, Ranjana Peyush; Gopalakrishnan, A.; Kapoor, D.; Shukla, R.N.; Lai, Kuldeep K.
Screening of thirty-two allozyme loci in Tor putitora yielded ten polymorphic loci, useful in determining genetic divergence in natural populations of the species. Samples from three different Indian rivers viz. the Satluj, Ganga and Garua were studied with the identified allozyme loci, to assess their suitability for genetic diversity analysis in T. putitora. The observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.0840 (Satluj) to 0.1245 (Ganga). The significant genotype heterogeneity was observed between the sample sets (P<0.05). The identified loci exhibited significant potential to determine population structure of T. putitora across its natural range of distribution.
Impact of bottom trawling on benthic commnities: a review
(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2008) Meenakumari, B.; Bhagirathan, U.; Pravin, P.
The detrimental consequences of trawling on the marine environment have always been a matter of great concern. Bottom trawling causes physical and biological damages that are irreversible, extensive and abiding. The present communication intends to focus the impact on benthic communities caused by bottom trawling. The different methodologies used world wide to study the impact of trawling is depicted here. The quantification and characterization of bycatch will give an ample evidence of impact of bottom trawling. The interpretation of the available historical data of the trawling grounds is also in practice. The experimental trawling brings to light the physio-chemical and biological impacts. The dietary shifts in benthos are an indirect effect of trawling. Bottom trawling imparts both short term and long-term imparts. The long term effects have not been adequately studied as the impacts are ambiguous and are difficult to interpret. In India, studies on impact of bottom trawling has gained momentum by the establishment of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences and Technology Cell (OASTC) supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences. These studies have brought to light the impact of trawling on hydrographical parameters and benthic fauna.
Incidence of Listeria in fish and shellfish
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Prasad, M.M.; Thampuran, N.
Listeria IIIOIIOCIJIOSCIII!S has been recogn ized as an important food-borne pathogen since 1981 and scafo<1ds have been implicated in several sporadic cases of Listeriosis. In the present study f resh (57), iced (49) and frozen (84) fish and shell fish from cultured ponds and commercia l ou tlets were screened for Listeriae. A mong the sa mples of f resh cul tured fish,1.8% conta ined Listeria imwwa. The iced Penneus iurlicus (I'UD) and Penaeus mouodo11 con tained 20% l.isleria spp., comprising L. iuuown and L. ivauovii. Listerin spp. were detected in 14.28% of the frozen fish samples also. Lislcrin mOIIOCIJIOgeues could not be detected in any of the samples.
Information Management Behaviour of Coastal Aqua Farmers
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Kumaran, M.; Raja, S.; Alagappan, M.; Sarada, C.; Chandrasekaran, V.S.; Kalaimani, N.
Information is the first unique input to proceed further towards an enterprise building. Aquaculture sector needs to be supported with 'full information' to help every stakeholder to help themselves. The present study undertaken with the shrimp farmers of coastal Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu to understand the shrimp farmers' information seeking, processing and sharing behaviour indicated that technicians/consultants of feed inputs companies ( 76% and 84%) and peers (40% and 80%) were prominent information sources. The information provided was triangulated and shared with fellow farmers. Enforcing fishery extension service as the 'prime function' of State fisheries departments, audience segmentation and targeting of message, capacity building of fishery extension personnel on effective handling of ICT, involving farmers groups, farm opinion leaders and private extension agencies as partners of extension would give 'cumulative effect' in information diffusion and adoption of good farm management practices
Mechanized crafts of north andhra coast - a study on status, operation and economic evaluation
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Jeeva, J.C.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.; Prakash, R.R.
Results of studies conducted on two categories of mechanized vessels viz., mini-trawlers and sona boats operated at Visakhapatnam base, Andhra Pradesh, India are presented. A general description of the technical parameters and an economic analysis including revenue, investments, operational expenditure, operational profits or loss etc. are described. The expenditure on fuel has been observed to be the largest component of the total operational expenditure to the tune of 66% in mini-trawlers and 62% in sona boats. To harvest one kg of shrimp, mini-trawlers consumed 7.89 litres of fuel and incurred an operational expenditure (including fuel) of Rs.213.61, and sona boats consumed 8.97 litres of fuel with an operational expenditure of Rs.260.35. Both the types of crafts are observed to be economically viable with profit percentages of 24.5% and 17.2% respectively during the period under report.
Post harvest losses in marine fisheries
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2008) Srinath, K.; Nair, V.R.; Unnithan, G.R.; Gopal, N.; Bathla, H.V.L.; Tauqueer, A.
In India, fish is the major source of protein for over one-third of the population especially for the rural poor in coastal areas. The per capita consumption of fish in India is 9.8 kg. against the recommended intake of 13 kg. The marine fish production has also been stagnating over recent years (CMFRI, 2004). As per FAO, the post harvest loss in world fisheries is 10%. Considering the nutritional significance coupled with stagnating catches in India, it is imperative that losses at all levels should be reduced. A pilot study to assess harvest and post harvest losses in the marine sector was carried out by Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin in collaboration with Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi. This paper presents the results obtained vis-a-vis the post harvest sector in the study.
Quality Changes during Storage of Smoked 'Cubes' and 'Fillet Steaks' Prepared from Marine Perch Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede)
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2008) Sindhu, S.; Krishnakumar, S.; Nambudiri, D.D.; Korath, Alphi
The study evaluated keeping quality and storage life of cubes and fillet steaks from a marine perch King Emperor (Lethrintts lentjan, (Lacepede). Smoked cubes and fillet steaks were prepared using a brine concentration of 10% and brining time of 15 min, draining at +100C for 30 min, pre-drying in mechanical drier for 30 min at 500C and smoking at 800C for a period of 3 h. Smoked cubes and fillet steaks prepared using a standardised procedure were subjected to storage studies for a period of four months under different packings viz., (i) packed in PE bags (C) (ii) dried at 500C for Ih and packed in PE bags (SI) and (iii) dried at 500C for 1 h and packed in paper bags (S2). Quality changes during the storage period were monitored every 15 days time intervals for parameters viz., moisture content, per cent free fatty acids, thio barbituric acid value, total plate count, total fungal count and sensory quality. Samples packed in paper bags remained acceptable only upto 60 days of storage while samples packed in PE bags were acceptable upto 90 days.
Ready to serve mackerel curry (goan style) in retortable pouches
(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2008) Ravishankar, C.N.; Bindu, J.; Gopal, S.T.K.
Flexible retort pouch is an ideal alternative to metal containers for heat-processed foods. Mackerel fish curry prepared in Goan style was processed and packed in indigenously developed retortable pouches having three-layer configuration of 12.5u polyester/12.5k aluminium foil/85k cast polypropylene. About 140g fish and 90g of curry medium were packed in retort pouch of size 17x15.5 cm. Air inside the pouch was exhausted by steam injection, heat-sealed and processed at 121.1C to F sub(0) values of 7, 8 & 9 minutes. Product processed to all the three F sub(0) values were analyzed for their instrumental color, texture, shear force, commercial sterility and sensory attributes. Based on these observations, a sterilization value of 8 minutes was found to be optimum for mackerel curry with good acceptability. Processed mackerel curry in goan style was kept for storage study during which instrumental color, texture, shear force, chemical parameters like TBA, pH and sensory attributes were analysed for a period of one year at ambient temperature (28c2C). The product remained sterile throughout the storage period. Shelf life studies showed that samples stored at ambient temperature (28c2C) had good sensory attributes and were acceptable even after a period of one year.

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