FT Vol.47(1)
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- ItemAnalysis of indian shrimp exports and its prices in major international markets(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.Huge quantities of shrimp are produced in developing countries for export to Japan, United States, and Western Europe. Shrimp is one of the major seafood export product from India and the country is the 4 super(th) largest exporter of shrimp in Asia with a 2.43% share in the 50 billion dollar world seafood market. This paper discusses the trend in shrimp export prices in the major markets viz., Japan, USA and the EU countries. The competitiveness of Indian shrimp exports to the US market was studied and it was found that the country's relative competitiveness was less compared to its competing countries. An analysis of prices of frozen shrimp exports from India to the major international markets is also presented.
- ItemAwareness of Fisherfolk on Fisheries Resource Management Issues: A Case Study(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Senthiladeban, R.; Rajkumar, M.; Sukumar, D.The low level of awareness of fishermen on pollution problems and their reluctance to follow and adopt the hygienic practices could be reduced by conducting sufficient onshore pollution abatement programmes and training and demonstration on onboard hygienic handling. Once the fishermen are assured of getting higher prices for their fish catch they will readily come forward to adopt any practices even if they have to incur additional costs. This is more evident by the large scale adoption of Global Positioning System by the present generation fishermen. Hence it is imperative of all other stakeholders to encourage fishermen to change their attitude towardsfisheries resources and development measures to the present trend
- ItemBiochemical Changes during Gonadal Maturation in Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Ravi, Raghunath; Manisseri, Mary K.The analysis of biochemical constituents during different maturity stages of P. pelagicus showed changes in the accumulation of organic reserves in the ovary, hepatopancreas and haemolymph. Considerable reduction was noticed in the moisture content, which could be due to the continuous deposition of organic matter in hepatic and ovarian tissuesduring maturation. The increase of the biochemical constituents in the haemolymph with the progress of vitellogenesis, indicates its role as a carrier of nutrients between different tissues. The mobilization of protein from the hepatopancreas to the ovary during maturation was demonstrated by a steady decrease of the same in the hepatopancreas. There was a gradual increase of protein in the ovary which reached the maximum at the mature stage
- ItemDetection and differentiation of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua by multiplex PCR(Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2010) Das, S.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.The present study has been designed to differentiate L. monocytogenes from L. innocua in a single tube Multiplex PCR reaction.
- ItemEffect of hydrolcolloids as an ingredient of batter mix on the biochemical, physical and sensory properties of frozen stored coated shrimp(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Ninan, G.; Joseph, A.C.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Abbas, A.R.; Ravishankar, C.N.Coated shrimp was prepared using three different hydrocolloid incorporated batter systems viz., Guar Gum (GG), Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and Carboxy Methyl Chitosan (CMT). The effect of incorporation of these hydrocolloids on the biochemical, physical and sensory characteristics of coated shrimp and changes during frozen storage at -20 0C for 5 months were studied. Highest pickup (40%) was observed for GG based batter, followed by CMC (34%) and CMT (32%). GG based batter showed maximum uptake of fat, both after prefrying and deep frying. Peroxide value, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid value were at insignificant levels in products during the frozen storage. The values for textural parameters of the coated products showed a decline after one month of frozen storage and thereafter the values remained almost stable. The sensory evaluation of the coated products during frozen storage indicated that those coated with CMC based batter had a superior overall acceptability compared to the other two. The total bacterial count was almost steady duringfrozen storage and it was in the intermediate count level. Among the three different hydrocolloids, CMC based batter system was found to provide superior sensory qualities,maximum moisture retention capacity and minimum fat uptake to the coated shrimp.
- ItemEffect of thermal modification on physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar proteins from tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus (peters, 1852)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Ramachandran, D.; Mohan, M.; Sankar, T.V.The effect of thermal modification on the physico-chemical and functional properties of myofibrillar proteins (MFP) extracted from Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852), heated over a temperature range of 3 to 55oC was evaluated. The protein solubility in solution decreased with increase in temperature, with a steep decline at 40oC. The decrease in protein solubility was proportional to increase in both cis parinaric acid and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid hydrophobicity. Ca2+ ATPase activity decreased as the temperature increased, correlating with increase in surface hydrophobicity and decrease in solubility. Total and reactive sulphydryl group, showed an inverse relation to viscosity and turbidity of the MFP suggesting aggregation/unfolding of the proteins. Emulsion activity index significantly increased (p<0.05) as the temperature increased upto 40oC. The emulsion stability of the proteins increased gradually with temperature while foam expansion decreased upto 35oC, thereafter increasing steadily. Foaming properties of the fish protein also improved tremendously on thermal modification.
- ItemEnergy Analysis of the Stake Net Operations, in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Boopendranath, M. R.; Hameed, M. ShahulBoopendranath & Hameed (2009) has determined GER per tonne of fish landed by non-motorised gill netting operations as 0.61. GER value per tonne of fish landed by stake net operations (5.19 GJ) was higher than nonmotorised gill netting operations by a factor of 8.5. The predominance of juveniles in the stake net landings has been reported by Mammen (1984), Kurup et al. George et al. (1998), (1993), Thomas et al. (1999), Vijayan et al. (2000), Thomas et al. 2007) and others. The stake net operations in the Vembanad lake need to be strictly regulated in view of the high GER of the stake net operations and predominance of juveniles in the landings
- ItemIntestinal Bacterial Flora of macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man, 1879) from freshwater farms in Kerala, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.The bacterial flora in the intestine of farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Prawn intestine samples were analysed for total plate count, H2S producing bacteria, faecal Streptococci, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The counts of the intestinal microflora of prawn were in the range of 107 to 108 cfu g-1. Total coliform, faecal coliform and Escherichia coli levels were ° 3.0 log10 MPN g-1. The number of H2S producers ranged from 105 to 107 cfu g-1. Faecal Streptococci had a range of 103 to 106 cfu g-1. The counts of H2S producers, faecal coliforms, E.coli and faecal Streptococci varied widely between the farms. The dominant intestinal microflora belonged to genera Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Bacillus. While Acinetobacter, Shewanella, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphy- lococcus and Lactobacillus were found in lower frequencies. High counts of faecal coliform bacteria and Streptococci in the intestine of farmed freshwater prawn indicates lack of good farm management practices in the fresh water farms studied.
- ItemLength-weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of Puntius carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Manojkumar, T. G.; Kurup, B. MadhusoodanaThe length-weight relationship of Puntius carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) was calculated for males, females and indeterminates. The relationship was analyzed using the formula W = aLb which was further transformed into Log W = a+ b log L. A total of 882 specimens comprising 262 males, 150 females and 470 indeterminates with size groups ranging from 52 to 472 mm total length(TL) were used. The equation obtained for males was: log W = - 4.1567 + 2.7148 log L; for females: log W = - 4.5089 + 2.8618 log L; and for indeterminates: log W = - 0.9611+1.4243 log L. The regression coefficients between males and females did not show any significant difference while significant difference could be noticed between males and indeterminates and between females and indeterminates (p<0.01). Studies on relative condition factor (Kn) of P.carnaticus revealed that the fluctuations in ‘Kn’ values can be attributed to spawning cycle as well as feeding intensity
- ItemProtective Effect of Fish Oil on 4-Nitroquinoline-1- Oxide (4NQO)-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis in Rats(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Padma, V. VijayaThe present investigation was carried out to study the chemo-preventive potential of fish oil against oxidative stress in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced oral carcinogenesis by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidants, and various serum enzyme activities. Fish oil was administered for 15 days, and changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation markers viz. malonaldehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) and antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-Stransferase and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated. The serum enzyme activities like alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase were also examined in normal and 4NQO-administered rats. A significant increase in the activities of antioxidants and a decrease in the formation of MDA and conjugated dienes were observed in oral tissues on treatment with fish oil. The administration of fish oil also significantly reduced the serum enzyme activities. The antioxidant effect of fish oil might be due to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid which is the major component of fish oil, into the membrane phospholipids of oral tissue, thus protecting the cells from the oxidative stress induced by 4NQO
- ItemRole of enrichment period for PCR detection of salmonella in seafood(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.This communication presents the results of a study initiated to understand the role of enrichment period for detection of Salmonella by PCR assay. A total of 159 fresh and raw seafood (fish, shrimp, clam, crab, mussel, edible oyster, cuttlefish, and lobster) samples were analyzed for presence of Salmonella with the 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. h enrichment periods prior to PCR assay. The assay was performed with Salmonella specific PCR that amplifies a 284 bp invA gene fragment. Results obtained from PCR assay were compared with conventional culture method. The sensitivity of PCR assay was confirmed in spiked seafood samples with Salmonella cells in the range 2 to 2x10 super(6)cfu/25 g. Inhibition of seafood matrix on PCR was also determined. All seafood samples detected negative for Salmonella at 0 h PCR, whereas, 35.2% seafood samples found to be positive for Salmonella by 24 h PCR assay. Thereafter, incremental increase in enrichment period did not significantly enhance the detection efficiency of PCR assay. A total of 57/159 seafood samples were positive by PCR assay, whereas, 37/159 were positive by culture method. The sensitivity of PCR assay was found to be at 2 cfu/25 g level with the exception of cuttlefish samples. Detection limit of Salmonella dead cells was 3x10 super(6)cfu/250 ml in fish homogenate by 24 h enrichment followed by PCR assay. The 24 h enrichment preceeding the PCR assay can be used as an alternative and rapid technique for detection of Salmonella that gives greater efficiency and sensitivity as compared to the conventional method. Present study highlighted the remote possibility of Salmonella dead cells encountering as false positive in natural contaminated seafood samples. This PCR assay can be used in the routine analysis of seafood samples and would be an ideal step for implementation of seafood safety measure at harvest and post-harvest level.