FT Vol.42(2)

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    Acute Toxicity of Pesticide Endosulfan to the Young Ones of the Fish Channa gachua (ham.)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Chandrasekaran, V.S; Bisht, H.C.S; Singh, U.P
    Static acute (96 h) bioassays were conducted on the spawn (4.0 mm) and the fry (15.5 mm) of freshwater fish Channa gachua (Ham) and the median lethal toxicity (96 h LC ,) of the pesticide endosulfan on the fish were estimated as 9.0 ppm and 22.0 ppm, respectively. When the fishes were exposed from spawn stage up to a period of 30 days in three sublethal concentrations viz. 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05 TU, there was an overall reduction in growth of the fish. While the reduction of growth was greater (up to 58.9%) at 0.05 TU, it was minimum (11.64%) at the medium sublethal concentration of 0.02 TU at the end of 30 days of experimental tenure
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    Bacterial profile of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) var. cochinensis and Clam harvesting waters from Vembanad lake in Kerala (India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2005) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    The bacterial flora of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides var. cochinensis) and water samples collected from three clam harvesting areas in Vembanad lake (Kerala, India) were studied. Samples were examined for total aerobic mesophilic count, psychrotrophic count, Vibrios and indicator bacteria. The mean mesophilic counts were in the range of 5.0-5.7 log sub(10)cfu ml super(-1) and 5.6-6.4 log sub(10)cfu g super(-1) respectively for water and clam samples. The shellfish collected from Vembanad lake showed faecal contamination at levels which did not conform to legal standards. The densities of enterococci and Clostridium perfringens were higher in clams than in the growing waters indicating bioconcentration of these organisms in clams. The bacterial flora on newly caught clam consisted of a variety of bacteria of which 28% were Gram-positive and 72% were Gram-negative. Vibrio and Aeromonas together formed 46% of the total mesophilic flora. Vibrio species isolated were V. fluvialis, V. furnissi, V. metsclinikovii. Among Aeromonas species, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii biovar. sobria, A. media, A. coviae were isolated. The remaining Gram-negative genera in the flora belonged to Acinetobacte,; Shewanella, Moraxella and Pseudomonas. The Gram-positive flora of clam was constituted by genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Arthrobacter. High prevalence of Escherichia coli, faecal Streptococci and C. perfringens in water and clam indicates high degree of faecal pollution of the harvesting areas. The isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria from clams indicates a risk for health of people consuming and also handling raw seafood.
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    Biochemical and microbiological quality of formic acid silage and lactobacillus fermented silage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2005) Babu, U.S.J.; Rao, B.M.; Khasim, D.I.; Nair, K.G.R.
    Acid silages (AS) were prepared by mixing formic acid with silver belly (Leiognathus sp.) mince at 2%, 2.5% and 3% (v/w) and fermented silages (FS) were prepared by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum culture with fish mince at 5% (v/w) and molasses at 10% and 12%(v/w). Sodium benzoate was added at 0.5% (w/w) level to FS to inhibit mould growth. pH of 2.5%AS and 3%AS fell below 4.5 within 2 days and stabilized at 4.24 and 4.01, respectively. pH of 2%AS reached a minimum value of 4.68. In 10%FS and 12%FS, the pH dropped to less than 4.5 by the end of l super(st) day indicating good lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Crude protein of the silages ranged between 18.22% and 19.17%. Fat was lower in FS(1.0 - 1.14%) than in AS (3.67 - 5.13%) on wet basis. NPN of FS was found to be lower than that in AS which indicates lesser protein breakdown. a-amino nitrogen in FS changed to 21% of TN in 10% FS and 12% FS from an initial concentration of 11% of TN, which was lower than that in AS. PV was lower in AS than in FS. Microbiological quality of AS and FS was found to be good as indicated by the absence of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae coagulase positive Staphylococci and H sub(2)S producing bacteria. Total yeast mould count was highest in 2% AS (1600/g).
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    Fishery and Biology of Deep sea Prawns Landed at the Fishing Harbours of Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Rajasree, Radhika; Kurup, Madhusoodhana
    Deep-sea prawn landings from 10 fisheries harbours of Kerala during September 2000 to April 2001 have been quantified as 48675 t. The deep sea trawl units showed almost a double fold increase during 2001-02. Aristeus alcocki, Heteracarpus gibbosus, Heterocarpus woodmasoni, Parapandalus spinipes and Metapenaeopsis andamanensis, ivere the major species of commercial importance which accounted for major portion of the landings. Species wise catch and catch per effort from various fisheries harbours of Kerala are furnished. Life history traits such as size range and modal size constituting fishery, sex ratio and percentage of berried females in the exploited stock deep-sea prawns are also given
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    Frequency and Expression of Antibiotic Resistance in Luminous Vibrio harveyi
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Abraham, T. Jawahar
    In-vitro activities of chloramphenicoi, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and oxytetra-cycline were evaluated against penaeid shrimp larval pathogen, luminous Vibrio liarveyi. The frequency at which three strains of luminous V. harveyi strains can mutate to develop resistance to these antibiotics was also estimated. Resistant mutants developed at lower frequencies to chloramphenicol (<9.43 x lO"10) and ciprofloxacin (<1.14 x lO"10 - 1.61 x lO"9) than to nalidixic acid (6.61 x lO"5 - 8.87 x lO"5) and oxytetracycline (6.82 x lO"6 - 4.74 x lO"4) at 10 times the respective minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Low concentration of antibiotics (5 x MIC and 2 x MIC), however, induced more of mutant strains. Although ciprofloxacin was effective in terms of MIC and induction of low level of mutants, chloramphenicol was more effective in its ability to kill both resistant and sensitive strains of luminous V. harveyi
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    Gill nets for inland fishing in north Kerala
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2005) Remesan, M.P.; Ramachandran, A.
    Results of the study on fishing gear conducted along the inland waters of Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasargod districts of North Kerala during 2003-2004 are reported. The salient features and operational aspects of different types of gill nets in operation are discussed. Most of the gill nets were found to be fabricated with polymide (PA) monofilament of 0.16 mm dia. Gill nets for fish, prawn and crab with mesh size ranging from 12 mm to 220 mm were in use. Trammel nets made of PA mono and multifilament were in operation in some places.
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    Harvesting techniques in traditional shrimp culture
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2005) Pravin, P.; Ravindran, K.
    Harvesting techniques in traditional shrimp culture are diverse and varied depending upon the requirements of each area. The design, the technical details and operational features of the different harvesting methods prevalent in the traditional shrimp culture in Kerala coast have been studied and described in this paper
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    Impact of Bottom Trawling on Sediment Texture and Organic Matter Along Inshore Waters of Kerala (South India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Thomas, Joice V.; Kurup, B. Madhusoodana
    Sediment texture and organic matter were analysed before and after trawling in samples collected from 0-50 m depth zone during December 2000-November 2001, along Kerala coast (Long. 75° 56/00 to 76o10' and Lat. 9058' to 10010'). Up to 40 m depth the composition of sand, silt and clay were 0.19 - 15.8%, 35.33 -60.53% and 29.9 - 53.12% respectively. Beyond ' this, sand was dominant (sand 32.6 - 96.15, silt 1.8 - 33.8, clay 2.45- 26.48%). In samples collected before trawling, sand, silt and clay ranged from 4.76 - 87, 45.85-55.71 and 43.18 - 47.38% respectively. In the samples collected after trawling the corresponding values for sand, silt and clay were 21.25 - 35.7, 51.28 -63.92 and 13.03 - 21.6% respectively. Organic carbon in 0-30 m depth zone ranged from 0.229 - 7.68% and it showed highest variations in July especially at depths 0-10 m and 10-20 m with respective values of 4.45 and 4.75% before trawling; while in the after trawling samples it was reduced to 2.21 % and 1.90% respectively. The sand and silt fractions showed a significant increase whereas a drastic reduction in clay fraction was observed especially in 0- 40 m depth zone due to bottom trawling
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    Levels of escherichia in seafood in domestic trade and their antibiotic resistance pattern
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2005) Surendra Raj, A.; Nirmala Thampuran; Surendran, P.K.
    Bacteriological quality of fish/shellfish sold in retail outlets in and around Cochin, India was studied. The TPC for the different samples varied from 5.5 to 8.5 log cfu/g. The total Enterobacteriaceae count varied from 2.5 to 6.5 log cfu/g. The lactose fermenters count and total coliforms count varied from 2 to 6 log cfu/g. Seafood samples had Escherichia coli count ranging from 2 to 5.5 log cfu/g. The faecal streptococci count was between 2 to 5 log cfu/ g. The majority of the E.coli isolates showed a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5, suggesting that they may be from high risk sources. Only a low percentage of samples were acceptable for human consumption as per Indian Standards for market sold fresh fishes. Higher count of microbial indicator organisms confirms possible presence of bacteria of public health significance and demands stringent improvement in handling and sanitary practices in the markets.
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    Modified atmosphere packaging - A review
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2005) Srinivasa Gopal, T.K.; Ravishankar, C.N.
    Shelf life and quality of fresh fish can be extended by the application of modified atmosphere packaging using high barrier packaging film and refrigerated storage. Modified atmosphere with high concentration of C02 inhibits or slows down the growth of various aerobic spoilage bacteria of fish products by extending the lag phase. It provides conditions for the growth of gram positive bacteria and food pathogens within the package. Major quality hazard is the risk of foodborne botulism. This paper reviews the literature relating to the scientific basis of these claims.
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    Pathogenicity, Antibiogram and Biochemical Characteristics of Luminescent Vibrio harveyi, Associated with 'Black Shell Disease' of Penaeus monodon
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Selvin, Joseph
    Bacterial isolation was made from shrimps Penaeus monodon showing characteristic external symptoms of 'black shell disease' from shrimp farms located in southeast coast of India. The isolates were screened on TCBS agar plates and 0/129 for the selective isolation of Vibrio sp. Based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, the isolate (RJM5) was characterized as luminescent Vibrio fwrveyi. Antibiogram of V. harveyi indicated that it was highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin. The pathogenicity studies confirmed that the isolate (V. liarveyi) was moderately virulent
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    Socio-Economic Profile of Shrimp Farmers and its Influence on the Extent of Adoption of Shrimp Culture Technologies
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Lekshmi, P.S. Swathi; Chandrakandan, K; Kumaran, M; Balasubramani, N
    The study of the socio-economic profile of shrimp farmers of Nellore in Andhra Pradesh and Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu revealed that 40% of the shrimp farmers had collegiate level of education, and they had medium levels of farming experience, information seeking behaviour, extension contact, economic motivation and risk orientation. The results of correlation analysis revealed that of the seventeen independent variables studied eleven independent variables had positive and significant relationship with the extent of adoption of shrimp culture technologies by shrimp farmers of Nellore. Among the shrimp farmers of Nagapattinam, seven independent variables had positive and significant relationship with the extent of adoption. The results of step wise multiple regression analysis revealed that variables such as information seeking behaviour, credit orientation and material possession explained 48% of the variation in the extent of adoption by shrimp farmers of Nellore and variables like extension contact, risk orientation, farming experience, type of ownership, annual income and material possession explained 84 percent of the variation in the extent of adoption by shrimp farmers of Nagapattinam
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    Studies on Salmonella Isolates from Fishery Products
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2005) Shashidhar, R; Jajoo, S; Karani, M; Warrier, S.B; Bandekar, J.R
    Salmonella isolates obtained from fishery products were studied with respect to their sensitivity to antibiotics, ionizing radiation and chlorine water treatment. The optimum pH range for the growth of the isolates was determined. The isolates were also characterized for pathogenicity related genes based on PCR assay. None of the 34 isolates under study were resistant to 16 antibiotics tested. All isolates were sensitive to chlorine water treatment (25 ppm) when treated in saline, but they were resistant when treatment was in organic medium. Optimum growth of all isolates was observed in the pH range of 5 to 7; however, S. typhimurium and S. worthington could grow even at pH 4. The PCR based identification of pathogenicity related genes invA and spvC showed that both genes were present in S. gallinamm and S. enteritidis and only invA was present in S. typhimurium and S. worthington. D 10 value for these serovars irradiated in brain heart infusion broth was in the range of 270 to 289 Gy.