2010

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    Analysis of indian shrimp exports and its prices in major international markets
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Geethalakshmi, V.; Gopal, N.; Unnithan, G.R.
    Huge quantities of shrimp are produced in developing countries for export to Japan, United States, and Western Europe. Shrimp is one of the major seafood export product from India and the country is the 4 super(th) largest exporter of shrimp in Asia with a 2.43% share in the 50 billion dollar world seafood market. This paper discusses the trend in shrimp export prices in the major markets viz., Japan, USA and the EU countries. The competitiveness of Indian shrimp exports to the US market was studied and it was found that the country's relative competitiveness was less compared to its competing countries. An analysis of prices of frozen shrimp exports from India to the major international markets is also presented.
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    Awareness of Fisherfolk on Fisheries Resource Management Issues: A Case Study
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Senthiladeban, R.; Rajkumar, M.; Sukumar, D.
    The low level of awareness of fishermen on pollution problems and their reluctance to follow and adopt the hygienic practices could be reduced by conducting sufficient onshore pollution abatement programmes and training and demonstration on onboard hygienic handling. Once the fishermen are assured of getting higher prices for their fish catch they will readily come forward to adopt any practices even if they have to incur additional costs. This is more evident by the large scale adoption of Global Positioning System by the present generation fishermen. Hence it is imperative of all other stakeholders to encourage fishermen to change their attitude towardsfisheries resources and development measures to the present trend
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    Biochemical Changes during Gonadal Maturation in Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Ravi, Raghunath; Manisseri, Mary K.
    The analysis of biochemical constituents during different maturity stages of P. pelagicus showed changes in the accumulation of organic reserves in the ovary, hepatopancreas and haemolymph. Considerable reduction was noticed in the moisture content, which could be due to the continuous deposition of organic matter in hepatic and ovarian tissuesduring maturation. The increase of the biochemical constituents in the haemolymph with the progress of vitellogenesis, indicates its role as a carrier of nutrients between different tissues. The mobilization of protein from the hepatopancreas to the ovary during maturation was demonstrated by a steady decrease of the same in the hepatopancreas. There was a gradual increase of protein in the ovary which reached the maximum at the mature stage
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    Changes in the Nitrogenous Compounds during Fermentation of Hilsa Steaks
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Majumdar, Ranendra Kumar; Basu, S.
    Lona ilish, a traditional salt fermented fish product, made exclusively from hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), is widely consumed in Bangladesh and adjoining Northeastern parts of India. No detailed scientific studies have been made on lona ilish. To understand the science behind this traditional preservation process, the product was prepared in the laboratory following traditional method, and biochemical changes during fermentation period of 150 days, were studied. At fortnightly intervals, important parameters such as the protein and protein degradation as well as lipid and its degradation in the product were studied. Increase in non-protein nitrogen (NPN), free alpha amino nitrogen (FAN) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) contents during fermentation indicated hydrolysis of protein. However, the decrease in protein nitrogen content was not significant. A value of NPN/TN of 18% in the fish muscle was found indicative of the fermentation point. High salt content (15.48%), intermediate moisture content (49.89%) and low pH (5.28) of the final product were found to be satisfactory for stability of the lona ilish at ambient temperature
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    Crab Fattening: A Livelihood Option for the Coastal Women Self Help Groups
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Shanthi, B.; Ambasankar, K.; . Krishnan, M.; Balasubramaniam, C.P.; Kannappan, S.; Chandrasekaran, V.S.; Jayamalar, K. Merline; Gayathri, G.
    Aquaculture offers one of the best livelihood options for women especially in coastal areas. Crab fattening has emerged as a brackish water aquaculture alternative which has potential for a possible livelihood for the coastal women, due to the relative ease of culture techniques and reasonably good profit margin. A project sponsored by Dept. of Science and Technology was undertaken by Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), Chennai at selected coastal villages of Tiruvalluvar and Kancheepuram districts of Tamil Nadu to demonstrate the efficiency of ‘CIBA crab pellet feed’ and the viability of crab fattening as an alternative livelihood for coastal fisherfolk. Two floating cages of 1m x 1m x 30 cm with 6 compartments each were used at the above project sites for crab fattening demonstration. Each cage was stocked with six water crabs. The crabs were fed with trash fish and ‘CIBA crab pellet feed’. The pelleted feed was accepted very well by the crabs. There was an increase in the weight of the crabs by 9 to 10%. The community-based crab fattening project implemented for alternative livelihood purpose especially for coastal women Self Help Groups, has proved to be a great success not only in terms of generating extra income but also in creating an awareness among fisher folk about the value of brackishwater resources and the need for conservation and its sustainable utilization.
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    Detection and differentiation of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua by multiplex PCR
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2010) Das, S.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
    The present study has been designed to differentiate L. monocytogenes from L. innocua in a single tube Multiplex PCR reaction.
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    Effect of hydrolcolloids as an ingredient of batter mix on the biochemical, physical and sensory properties of frozen stored coated shrimp
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Ninan, G.; Joseph, A.C.; Zynudheen, A.A.; Abbas, A.R.; Ravishankar, C.N.
    Coated shrimp was prepared using three different hydrocolloid incorporated batter systems viz., Guar Gum (GG), Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and Carboxy Methyl Chitosan (CMT). The effect of incorporation of these hydrocolloids on the biochemical, physical and sensory characteristics of coated shrimp and changes during frozen storage at -20 0C for 5 months were studied. Highest pickup (40%) was observed for GG based batter, followed by CMC (34%) and CMT (32%). GG based batter showed maximum uptake of fat, both after prefrying and deep frying. Peroxide value, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid value were at insignificant levels in products during the frozen storage. The values for textural parameters of the coated products showed a decline after one month of frozen storage and thereafter the values remained almost stable. The sensory evaluation of the coated products during frozen storage indicated that those coated with CMC based batter had a superior overall acceptability compared to the other two. The total bacterial count was almost steady duringfrozen storage and it was in the intermediate count level. Among the three different hydrocolloids, CMC based batter system was found to provide superior sensory qualities,maximum moisture retention capacity and minimum fat uptake to the coated shrimp.
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    Effect of thermal modification on physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar proteins from tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus (peters, 1852)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Ramachandran, D.; Mohan, M.; Sankar, T.V.
    The effect of thermal modification on the physico-chemical and functional properties of myofibrillar proteins (MFP) extracted from Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852), heated over a temperature range of 3 to 55oC was evaluated. The protein solubility in solution decreased with increase in temperature, with a steep decline at 40oC. The decrease in protein solubility was proportional to increase in both cis parinaric acid and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid hydrophobicity. Ca2+ ATPase activity decreased as the temperature increased, correlating with increase in surface hydrophobicity and decrease in solubility. Total and reactive sulphydryl group, showed an inverse relation to viscosity and turbidity of the MFP suggesting aggregation/unfolding of the proteins. Emulsion activity index significantly increased (p<0.05) as the temperature increased upto 40oC. The emulsion stability of the proteins increased gradually with temperature while foam expansion decreased upto 35oC, thereafter increasing steadily. Foaming properties of the fish protein also improved tremendously on thermal modification.
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    Effects of Feed Additive Raafres AQ on Feeding, Growth, Tissue Indices and Leucocytes Count in Carp Juveniles
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) James, R.; Sampath, K.
    The present study concludes that, raafres AQ at 5% in C. mrigala and 7.5% in L. rohita elicited better performance in feed intake, growth, FCR, PER, tissue indices and leucocyte counts than other treatments. Hence, 5 and 7.5% raafres AQ are considered as the optimum dose for C. mrigala and Lrohita respectively. Comparatively, the optimum dose of raafres AQ in L. rohita influenced percentage of weight gain, conversion efficiency and PER with less feed intake, feeding rate and FCR than the optimum dose of raafres AQ in C. mrigala. Besides, 5% raafres AQ incorporated diet resulted in similar impact on percentage of weight gain, conversion efficiency, FCR and PER in both carps and hence, the requirement of high dose in L. rohita might be nullified. Hence it is recommended to utilize raafres AQ in feed for better aquaculture production
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    Energy Analysis of the Stake Net Operations, in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Boopendranath, M. R.; Hameed, M. Shahul
    Boopendranath & Hameed (2009) has determined GER per tonne of fish landed by non-motorised gill netting operations as 0.61. GER value per tonne of fish landed by stake net operations (5.19 GJ) was higher than nonmotorised gill netting operations by a factor of 8.5. The predominance of juveniles in the stake net landings has been reported by Mammen (1984), Kurup et al. George et al. (1998), (1993), Thomas et al. (1999), Vijayan et al. (2000), Thomas et al. 2007) and others. The stake net operations in the Vembanad lake need to be strictly regulated in view of the high GER of the stake net operations and predominance of juveniles in the landings
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    Incidence of Food-borne Pathogens in Freshwater Fish from Domestic Markets of Mumbai
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Kakatkar, A. S.; Gautam, R. K.; Nagar, V.; Karani, M.; Bandekar, J. R.
    The present study indicates that the freshwater fish sold in Mumbai are of poor quality. Presence of coagulase positive S. aureus indicates unhygienic handlingRecovery of Salmonella and high coliform count warrant for strict adherence to Good Hygienic Practices in retail markets
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    Intestinal Bacterial Flora of macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man, 1879) from freshwater farms in Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
    The bacterial flora in the intestine of farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Prawn intestine samples were analysed for total plate count, H2S producing bacteria, faecal Streptococci, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The counts of the intestinal microflora of prawn were in the range of 107 to 108 cfu g-1. Total coliform, faecal coliform and Escherichia coli levels were ° 3.0 log10 MPN g-1. The number of H2S producers ranged from 105 to 107 cfu g-1. Faecal Streptococci had a range of 103 to 106 cfu g-1. The counts of H2S producers, faecal coliforms, E.coli and faecal Streptococci varied widely between the farms. The dominant intestinal microflora belonged to genera Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Bacillus. While Acinetobacter, Shewanella, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphy- lococcus and Lactobacillus were found in lower frequencies. High counts of faecal coliform bacteria and Streptococci in the intestine of farmed freshwater prawn indicates lack of good farm management practices in the fresh water farms studied.
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    Length-weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of Puntius carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Manojkumar, T. G.; Kurup, B. Madhusoodana
    The length-weight relationship of Puntius carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) was calculated for males, females and indeterminates. The relationship was analyzed using the formula W = aLb which was further transformed into Log W = a+ b log L. A total of 882 specimens comprising 262 males, 150 females and 470 indeterminates with size groups ranging from 52 to 472 mm total length(TL) were used. The equation obtained for males was: log W = - 4.1567 + 2.7148 log L; for females: log W = - 4.5089 + 2.8618 log L; and for indeterminates: log W = - 0.9611+1.4243 log L. The regression coefficients between males and females did not show any significant difference while significant difference could be noticed between males and indeterminates and between females and indeterminates (p<0.01). Studies on relative condition factor (Kn) of P.carnaticus revealed that the fluctuations in ‘Kn’ values can be attributed to spawning cycle as well as feeding intensity
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    Mesh Selectivity of Drift Gillnet for Caranx sexfasciatus and Caranx tille
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Balasubramanian, A.; Meenakumari, B.; Boopendranath, M. R.; Pravin, P.; . Erzini, K.
    The gear selectivity and fishing power of different mesh sizes (13.5, 14, 14.5 and 15 cm) were investigated using experimental catch data of carangids Caranx sexfasciatus and Caranx tille. The selectivity and residual curves were generated using four different individual uni-normal (normal scale, normal location, gamma and log-normal) and bi-normal functions with four different mesh sizes. Selectivity parameters were estimated using the SELECT (Share Each LEngth Class Total) model which has been implemented in the software called GILLNET (Generalized Including Log-Linear N Estimation Technique). Model deviance, Dispersion parameter and Residual plots were used to determine the best fit of the data. The results demonstrated that bi-normal model and uni-normal log-normal yielded good fit for C. Sexfasciatus and C. tille respectively. Mesh sizes 14 and 14.5 cm performed better than the modeled in both the catch data. Modal length increased with mesh sizes. Bi-normal model yielded narrow selection range while log-normal model was of wider range. Shape and size of the selectivity curves were identical and uniform in size. Over dispersion was common in all selectivity models which in turn showed lack of fit irrespective of the models
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    Probiotic Effects of Bacillus spp. on the Growth and Survival of Postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) . Rinisha, K.; Rahiman, K. M. Mujeeb; Beevi, M. Razia; Thomas, A. P.; Hatha, A. A. Mohamed
    Negative impact due to continued usage of antibiotics in aquaculture for growth promotion and disease control has necessitated research on alternative strategies such as development of probiotic strains, immunostimulants and vaccination. In this study, the probiotic effect of a Bacillus spp. on the growth and survival of postlarvae (PL) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was studied. The Bacillus spp. under investigation was introduced in to the PL through culture tank water, feed and both. Changes in the bacterial load and flora, weight gain, percentage survival and changes in water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and ammonia were studied for a period of three months. There was no significant variation in the survival and weight gain of the PL of the experimental groups. However considerable improvement was noticed in the water quality parameters such as nitrite and ammonia concentration of the culture water in the experimental groups compared to the control group
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    Protective Effect of Fish Oil on 4-Nitroquinoline-1- Oxide (4NQO)-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis in Rats
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Padma, V. Vijaya
    The present investigation was carried out to study the chemo-preventive potential of fish oil against oxidative stress in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced oral carcinogenesis by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidants, and various serum enzyme activities. Fish oil was administered for 15 days, and changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation markers viz. malonaldehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) and antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-Stransferase and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated. The serum enzyme activities like alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase were also examined in normal and 4NQO-administered rats. A significant increase in the activities of antioxidants and a decrease in the formation of MDA and conjugated dienes were observed in oral tissues on treatment with fish oil. The administration of fish oil also significantly reduced the serum enzyme activities. The antioxidant effect of fish oil might be due to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid which is the major component of fish oil, into the membrane phospholipids of oral tissue, thus protecting the cells from the oxidative stress induced by 4NQO
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    Redescription of Smooth Lantern Shark, Etmopterus pusillus (Lowe, 1839) from the EEZ of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Deepu, A.V.; Joseph, Ginson; Kurup, B. Madhusoodana
    This paper presents more differentiating characters (Table 1) such as difference in the positioning of first and second dorsal fin, size of dorsal fin spines, shape of the gill slits and position of eye in relation to snout. Even though each morphometric measurement contributed relatively little for the overall differences, when all these small differences were considered together, it is possible to separate the species. The main difference mentioned by earlier authors (Compagno, 1984; Compagno et al., 2005) was in the shape of dermal denticles. But the characters presented in this study are useful for the field identification of E. pusillus.
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    Role of enrichment period for PCR detection of salmonella in seafood
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2010) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
    This communication presents the results of a study initiated to understand the role of enrichment period for detection of Salmonella by PCR assay. A total of 159 fresh and raw seafood (fish, shrimp, clam, crab, mussel, edible oyster, cuttlefish, and lobster) samples were analyzed for presence of Salmonella with the 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48. h enrichment periods prior to PCR assay. The assay was performed with Salmonella specific PCR that amplifies a 284 bp invA gene fragment. Results obtained from PCR assay were compared with conventional culture method. The sensitivity of PCR assay was confirmed in spiked seafood samples with Salmonella cells in the range 2 to 2x10 super(6)cfu/25 g. Inhibition of seafood matrix on PCR was also determined. All seafood samples detected negative for Salmonella at 0 h PCR, whereas, 35.2% seafood samples found to be positive for Salmonella by 24 h PCR assay. Thereafter, incremental increase in enrichment period did not significantly enhance the detection efficiency of PCR assay. A total of 57/159 seafood samples were positive by PCR assay, whereas, 37/159 were positive by culture method. The sensitivity of PCR assay was found to be at 2 cfu/25 g level with the exception of cuttlefish samples. Detection limit of Salmonella dead cells was 3x10 super(6)cfu/250 ml in fish homogenate by 24 h enrichment followed by PCR assay. The 24 h enrichment preceeding the PCR assay can be used as an alternative and rapid technique for detection of Salmonella that gives greater efficiency and sensitivity as compared to the conventional method. Present study highlighted the remote possibility of Salmonella dead cells encountering as false positive in natural contaminated seafood samples. This PCR assay can be used in the routine analysis of seafood samples and would be an ideal step for implementation of seafood safety measure at harvest and post-harvest level.
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    Toxic Effects of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate on Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2010) Susmi, T. S.; Rebello, Sharrel; . Jisha, M. S.; Sherief, P. M.
    Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent finds various applications in household, industrial, laboratory and pharmaceutical preparations.This paper reports the histological, enzymatic and microbial changes found in the gills of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) induced by the acute action of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A 96 h LC50 value of 7.7 mg/ l of SDS was obtained using static bioassay method. Sets of twenty grass carps each were exposed to nominal concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) of SDS for 30 days and the changes in the gills were monitored every tenth day. Extensive gill damage with necrosis and intraepithelial oedema was observed. This was accompanied by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase. The gills of SDS treated fishes also showed an increased rate of microbial attack predominantly by Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus sp and Bacillus sp. Extensive necrosis, and increased rate of microbial attack suggested that SDS incites an acute inflammatory response. The morpho-histochemical changes in the gills provoked functional disorders viz., asphyxia and loss of osmotic and ionic regulation that may ultimately play a significant role in the mortality of Grass Carp exposed to SDS.