Journal articles (MFB)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/121

Browse

Browsing Journal articles (MFB) by Title

Now showing 1 - 20 of 65
  • Item
    Bacterial flora of farmed mud crab, scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775) and farm environments in kerala, india
    (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2012) Lalitha, K.V.; Thampuran, N.
    The microflora associated with mud crab Scylla serrata collected from farms located in Kerala, India were investigated. The microbial load and types of bacteria associated with farm water, sediment and crabs were monitored. The mean mesophilic count of 5.67 log sub(10) cfu g super(-1) in farmed fresh crab indicates acceptable crab quality. The levels of enterococci and faecal coliforms in farmed mud crab were high. The microbial groups, most commonly isolated from crab meat were Vibrio, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas/Shewanella, Micrococcus and Bacillus. The percentage composition of various genera in crab meat varied between farms. The study reports a diverse array of bacterial species, including several potential human pathogens such as Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio hollisae, Vibrio mimicus, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas jandaei from edible crabs. Owing to the potential hazard of these pathogenic bacteria, it is necessary to put more emphasis on hygienic handling of farmed crab. This study confirms that farmed crab carry significant numbers of motile aeromonads, capable of growth at low temperature. Immediate icing of harvested crabs is essential to improve the microbiological stability.
  • Item
    Bacterial Flora of Fresh and Iced Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger Kanagurta) and its Response to Chlortetracycline (CTC) Treatment
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1976) Surendran, P.K.; Iyer, K.M.
    Quantitative and qualitative studies on the bacterial flora of fresh Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) have been made. The total native flora as well as 5 ppm. CTC insensitive flora of the fish showed variations with season. About 90 % of the fresh fish flora was sensitive to 5 ppm . CTC. The natural flora of the fresh fish consisted of Vibrios, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Corynebacteria,Micrococci, Bacillus and yeasts . In the CTC insensitive flora, Vibrios predominated followed by yeasts . The selection of bacterial genera during storage of the fish in ice and in 5 ppm. CTC incorporated ice has also been investigated . At the time of spoilage, Pseudomonas were found to be the dominant flora of the fish stored in both types of ice .
  • Item
    Bacterial Flora of some Fishes of Maharashtra and Saurashtra Coasts (India)
    (Springer, 1989) Beri, H.K.; James, M.A.; Solanki, K.K.
    Native microflora in didirrerent varieties of fishes available along Maharashtra and Sourashtra Coasts in India were studies during 1983-1987. The flora of fishes studied were Saurida tumbil, Nemipterus, Lepturocenthus savala, chirocentrus dorah and Coilia dussumeri. The groups of bacteria, belonged to Vibrio, Acinetobacter, pseudomonas, Micrococus, Sarcina, Flavobacterium and Cytophaga species. Sometimes anaerobes were also isolated from the fish intestines.
  • Item
    Bacterial microflora associated with farmed freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) and the aquaculture environment
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2004) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    The initial counts of bacteria associated with farmed giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) as well as with the water and sediment from two farms located at Kottayam district in Kerala(India) were determined. A total of 367 randomly selected isolates were characterized and identi¢ed. Prawn samples yielded mean microbiological counts of 4.92 log CFUg 1 of shell with muscle and 7.78 log CFUg 1of intestine at 30 1C. Bacterial numbers in the intestine of prawnweremuch higher than those in the pond water. Motile and non-motile aerobic Gram-negative bacteria together with Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 60^70% of themesophiles isolated from water and prawn. However, the microorganisms isolated in signi¢cant numbers from shell with muscle and intestine of prawn were not recovered fromthe growing waters. Among Gram-positive bacteria, Micrococcus, Bacillus,coryneforms, and Arthrobacter were found. Faecal oliforms and enterococci were found in signi¢cant numbers in M.rosenbergii. The rearing practices such as feeding and pond fertilization could have in£uenced the micro£ora in prawn. The commensal micro£ora of freshwater prawn included opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas spp. and Streptococcus spp. Storage of prawn at elevated temperatures can permit their survival and growth leading to quality loss.Care should be exercised during handling and processing to prevent contamination of edible meat.
  • Item
    Bacterial profile of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) var. cochinensis and Clam harvesting waters from Vembanad lake in Kerala (India)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2005) Lalitha, K.V.; Surendran, P.K.
    The bacterial flora of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides var. cochinensis) and water samples collected from three clam harvesting areas in Vembanad lake (Kerala, India) were studied. Samples were examined for total aerobic mesophilic count, psychrotrophic count, Vibrios and indicator bacteria. The mean mesophilic counts were in the range of 5.0-5.7 log sub(10)cfu ml super(-1) and 5.6-6.4 log sub(10)cfu g super(-1) respectively for water and clam samples. The shellfish collected from Vembanad lake showed faecal contamination at levels which did not conform to legal standards. The densities of enterococci and Clostridium perfringens were higher in clams than in the growing waters indicating bioconcentration of these organisms in clams. The bacterial flora on newly caught clam consisted of a variety of bacteria of which 28% were Gram-positive and 72% were Gram-negative. Vibrio and Aeromonas together formed 46% of the total mesophilic flora. Vibrio species isolated were V. fluvialis, V. furnissi, V. metsclinikovii. Among Aeromonas species, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii biovar. sobria, A. media, A. coviae were isolated. The remaining Gram-negative genera in the flora belonged to Acinetobacte,; Shewanella, Moraxella and Pseudomonas. The Gram-positive flora of clam was constituted by genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Arthrobacter. High prevalence of Escherichia coli, faecal Streptococci and C. perfringens in water and clam indicates high degree of faecal pollution of the harvesting areas. The isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria from clams indicates a risk for health of people consuming and also handling raw seafood.
  • Item
    Bacterio!ogy of Spoi!age of Canned Prawns
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 1980) Nambiar, V.N.
    Spoilage characteristics of different types of bacteria isolated from bacteriologically defective cans and processing factory environs were studied by inoculating pure cultures into sterile prawn meat. The pattern of spoilage, production of off odour, bulging of the cans and disintegration of meat were observed. Data on spoilage under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions are presented. Most of the cultures produced some kind of spoilage, though differences were observed in the extent of spoilage produced by different types of bacteria. Gram positive spore formers were found to be the major spoilers and the extent of spoilage was more with mixed cultures.
  • Item
    Bacteriological Investigations of Prawn Canneries I . Incidence of Aerobic Sporeformers
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1971) Nambiar, V.N.; Iyer, K.M.
    A detailed bacteriological survey of the prawn canneries of Cochin area was carried out to study the nature and type of microorganisms present in the factory environs and their role in causing contamination of the canned products. About 26% of the total of 1030 strains isolated were found to be gram positive spore-formers of the Bacillus type, the cooling water being their major source. Similar types of organisms formed the major group often met with in defective canned prawn samples picked up from the factories for examination, thus establishing a correlation between bacterial characteristics and load of cooling water and can cantamination.
  • Item
    Bacteriological Studies on Fish Affected by Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome(EUS) in Kerala, India
    (Asian Fisherie Society, Manila, Philippines, 1995) Thampuran, N.; Surendran, P.K.; Mukundan, M.K.; Gopakumar, K.
    Bacteriological studies were conducted on fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrom(EUS)in Kerala, India, with emphasis on the hydrological features of the environment. Among the nine fish species analyzed, the most severe symptoms were observed in Channa striatus, Wallago attu and Puntius.The bacterial species isolated from the lesions and internal organs of these fishes showed a dominance of Aeromonas hydrophila. The frequency of isolation of A.hydrophila was low in fish showing mild sysmptoms and in apparently healthy fish collected from the affected areas. Repeated isolation of A. hydrophila from ulcerated parts of fish indicated that this organism could be responsible for the secondary infection. Water samples showed acidic pH, low salinity, and levels of mercury and cadmium within limits.
  • Item
    Biochemical and microbiological quality of formic acid silage and lactobacillus fermented silage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 2005) Babu, U.S.J.; Rao, B.M.; Khasim, D.I.; Nair, K.G.R.
    Acid silages (AS) were prepared by mixing formic acid with silver belly (Leiognathus sp.) mince at 2%, 2.5% and 3% (v/w) and fermented silages (FS) were prepared by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum culture with fish mince at 5% (v/w) and molasses at 10% and 12%(v/w). Sodium benzoate was added at 0.5% (w/w) level to FS to inhibit mould growth. pH of 2.5%AS and 3%AS fell below 4.5 within 2 days and stabilized at 4.24 and 4.01, respectively. pH of 2%AS reached a minimum value of 4.68. In 10%FS and 12%FS, the pH dropped to less than 4.5 by the end of l super(st) day indicating good lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Crude protein of the silages ranged between 18.22% and 19.17%. Fat was lower in FS(1.0 - 1.14%) than in AS (3.67 - 5.13%) on wet basis. NPN of FS was found to be lower than that in AS which indicates lesser protein breakdown. a-amino nitrogen in FS changed to 21% of TN in 10% FS and 12% FS from an initial concentration of 11% of TN, which was lower than that in AS. PV was lower in AS than in FS. Microbiological quality of AS and FS was found to be good as indicated by the absence of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae coagulase positive Staphylococci and H sub(2)S producing bacteria. Total yeast mould count was highest in 2% AS (1600/g).
  • Item
    Biotyping and antibiotic resistance profile of yersinia enterocolitica associated with seafoods from south-west coast of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2012) Kishore, P.; Lalitha, K.V.; Joseph, T.C.; Thampuran, N.
    This study reports occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A strains resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and sulphamethizole in fish and shellfish species landed in southwest coast of India. Thirty finfish and shellfish samples collected from various sources such as farms, retail outlets and landing centres in south-west coast of India were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. Sixty three Yersinia strains were isolated and characterized. Y. intermedia was the most commonly isolated species. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A was recovered from squid, but did not belong to the pathogenic serogroups O:3, O:5, O:8 or O:9. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolated Y. enterocolitica strains revealed that these strains were resistant (100%) to ampicillin, cephalothin and sulphamethizole. As determined through PCR analysis the Y. enterocolitica isolates from squid carried inv genes, but were negative for ail and yst genes.
  • Item
    Changes in the nutritional profile of godavari hilsa shad, tenualosa ilisha (hamilton, 1822) during its anadromous migration from bay of bengal to the river godavari
    (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2012) Rao, B.M.; Murthy, L.N.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Sankar, T.V.; Prasad, M.M.
    Godavari hilsa shad is a premium priced and highly sought after anadromous fish that annually migrates from Bay of Bengal to the River Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India during post-monsoon for spawning. The protein content was slightly higher in marine hilsa (22.69%). Wide variation in fat content of hilsa was observed during its anadromous migration. The fat content in the marine hilsa was 12.4% which increased in brackishwater habitat to 17.3% and progressively decreased in river habitat (14.51 to 8.78%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content showed an increasing trend with lowest in marine hilsa (11.41%) and highest in Godavari hilsa (26.87%). Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) (325.3 mg%) was the most prominent SFA and octadec-9-enoicacid (oleic acid) (816.8 mg%) was the dominant MUFA in Godavari hilsa. Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid (DHA)(245.8 mg%) was the most significant PUFA followed by eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid (EPA) (45.4 mg%) and octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (alpha-linolenic Acid) (42.1 mg%). The results of the study show that nutritional composition of Godavari hilsa changes during its migration and the hilsa from River Godavari appears to be better than the marine hilsa from Bay of Bengal.
  • Item
    Coliphages in fish and fishery environment
    (Conference Papers & Proceedings, 2001) Rao, B.M.; Surendran, P.K.
    Coliphages, the viruses that infect Escherichia coli, were frequently proposed as indicators to assess the quality of water. Their presence indicates not only the presence of pathogenic enteric bacteria but also enteroviruses. The present study was done with an objective to detect coliphages in fish and fishery environment. Coliphages were detected in a wide variety of samples viz., water from freshwater fish farm (2300 pfu/100ml), water from brackish water fish farm (300 pfu/100ml), water from brackish water prawn farm (5 pfu/100ml), farmed fresh water fish (240 pfu/g), marine fish (3500 pfu/g), shrimp (75 pfu/g) and lobster (240 pfu /g). Advantages of coliphage assay for hygiene and quality of fish are discussed.
  • Item
    Comparison of media and methods for the detection and enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in seafoods
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1987) Lalitha, K.V.; Iyer, H.K.; Iyer, K.M.
    Three direct plating methods and two most probable number (MPN) procedures were compared for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in seafoods: the sulfite-cycloserine (SC) agar, sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine (SPS) agar, tryptone-sulfite-neomycin (TSN) agar, LS medium MPN procedure and iron milk MPN procedure. Isolates were confirmed as C. perfringens . The two MPN procedures compared very well with the three plating media tested with stock culture of C. perfringens from a laboratory collection and the reference strain NCIB 6125. But in fish samples, the two liquid media were found to be more sensitive and hence the MPN procedure using LS medium for the detection of C. perfringens in seafoods is suggested.
  • Item
    Composition, physicochemical and rheological properties of fresh bigeye snapper fish (priacanthus hamrur) mince
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Dileep, A.O.; Shamasundar, B.A.; Binsi, P.K.; Badil, F.; Howell, N.K.
    Composition and properties of fresh bigeye snapper fish (Priacanthus hamrur) mince has been investigated. The protein content of fish mince was 16.71 g/100 g mince. Amino acid analysis revealed high proportion of glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and leucine. Fatty acid profile indicated high proportion of eicosa pentaenoic acid and decosa hexaenoic acid content. Gel filtration profile of total proteins from fresh bigeye fish mince revealed a major peak (high molecular weight component) and a few minor peaks, which was further confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern. The differential scanning calorimetry profile of fresh bigeye fish mince revealed transitions at 38.35, 47.72 and 63.02C indicating denaturation temperature of different protein fractions. The gel-forming ability of fresh bigeye fish mince was evaluated by both small strain and large strain tests. The flow behavior of total protein solution from fresh bigeye fish mince as a function of protein concentration and temperature showed pseudoplastic behavior.
  • Item
    Detection and characterization of virulence factors in lactose positive and lactose negative Salmonella serovars isolated from seafood
    (Elsevier, 2009) Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
    This study is aimed to understand the prevalence of lactose positive (lac+) and lactose negative (lac ) Salmonella serovars in seafood and to determine the presence of virulence traits by PCR assay. Salmonella serovars were isolated from fish, shrimp, crab, clam, mussel, oyster, squid and cuttlefish of fish market and fish landing centers of Cochin, India. Lac Salmonella were identified in 18.9% of seafood samples, whereas, 2% of seafood samples harboured lac+ Salmonella. The virulence factors in lac+ and lac Salmonella were characterized by amplification of three virulence genes i.e. invA, stn and fimA genes. Results exhibited that except fim A gene in Salmonella IIIa isolates, all other lac+ and lac Salmonella serovars showed the presence of invA, stn and fimA genes. Thus, study highlighted the prevalence of virulent lac+ and lac Salmonella serovars in seafood.
  • Item
    Detection and differentiation of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua by multiplex PCR
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists(India),Cochin, 2010) Das, S.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
    The present study has been designed to differentiate L. monocytogenes from L. innocua in a single tube Multiplex PCR reaction.
  • Item
    Detection of listeria monocytogenes from freshwater fish, prawn and chicken meat by direct nested PCR
    (Asian Fisheries Society, 2011) Das, S.; Singh, V.P.; Ltu, K.; Kathiresan, S.; Sharma, B.; Bhilegaonkar, K.N.
    Three different methods of processing samples from freshwater fish, prawn and chicken meat were compared with nested PCR for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Nested PCR failed to detect the organism from freshwater fish, prawn and chicken meat when processing was done by boiling lysis method, but it could detect the organisms from freshwater fish, prawn and chicken meat up to the spiking level of 104, 103 and 105 cfu.g-1, respectively while processing of sample was done by phenol extraction without enrichment. However, using phenol extraction after enrichment, the sensitivity was found higher than without enrichment and it was possible to detect up to the spiking level of 102, 10 and 103 cfu.g-1 in case of fish, prawn and chicken meat, respectively.
  • Item
    Distribution of Clostridium perfringens in Fishes and Prawns
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India) Cochin, 1990) Lalitha, K.V.; Unnithan, G.R.; Iyer, K.M.
    Examination of skin and shell of raw fishes and prawns, collected from local landing centres and markets in Kerala (India) revealed the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens on 47 of the 66 samples. Only 27 samples showed presence of C. perfringens in the guts. Incidence of C. perfringens was high in prawn guts. C. perfringens formed less than one percent of the total clostridial population on fishes and prawns.
  • Item
    Effect of chemical agents on swarming of Bacillus species
    (The Society for Applied Bacteriology, 1996) Thampuran, N.; Surendran, P.K.
    The effect of 58 chemical compounds belonging to different categories, viz. antibiotics, detergents, surfactants, nutrients and salts of organic and inorganic acids, were tested on swarming of Bacillus species comprising B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. alvei and B. subtilis by spot inoculation method. Carbohydrates, vitamins, amino acids and other nutrient compounds such as peptone, with the exception of vitamin-free casamino acids induced considerable swarming. An inhibition of swarming was noticed by antiseptics, detergents and surfactants; but the extent of swarming differed among the chemicals tested, their concentration and the bacterial strains. Most of the compounds that inhibited swarming were those which acted on flagellar mechanism and motility. The results support the theory that formation of lateral flagella is a prerequisite for inhibition of swarming.
  • Withdrawn
    Item