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- ItemIsolation and molecular characterisation of atypical enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus with negative voges-proskauer reaction from Indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)(ICAR, 2013)Enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus is one of the important pathogenic organisms, which causes two distinct type of food poisoning in human beings viz., emetic type and diarrhoeal type. As per biochemical tests, B. cereus is generally Voges-Proskauer (VP) positive. In the present study, two enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates from white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) with negative VP reaction have been reported. Both the isolates were confirmed as B. cereus by other biochemical tests as well as molecular methods like PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were also found to produce diarrhoeal enterotoxin by reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) test. The enterotoxin producing genes, hbla and entb were detected in both the isolates
- ItemStudies on the incidence of vibrio cholerae in fishery products(Springer, 1989)The incidence of Vibrio cholerae in fishery products collected from Kerala and Tamil Nadu coasts (India) during 1986-87 is reported. V. cholerae 01 was present to the extent of 0.2% of raw fishery products, whereas V. Cholerae non 01 was present in 26.3% of raw and 12.14% of frozen products.
- ItemStudies on spoilage of commercially important tropical fishes under iced storage(Elsevier, 1989)Iced storage of five commercially important species of tropical fish, namely oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps (Valenciennes)), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier)), pearl spot (green chromide) (Etroplus suratensis (Bloch)), milk fish (Chanos chanos (Forsskal)) and tilapia (Oreochromis mosambica (Peters)) was studied. Oil sardine and Indian mackerel had an acceptable iced storage shelf life of nearly 1 week and pearl spot, milk fish and tilapia nearly 2 weeks. During storage in ice there was a selection of bacterial types, and by the time incipient spoilage was noticed one or two species of bacteria constituted the bulk of the flora. In all these fishes, the spoilage flora were composed mainly of a single genus of bacteria, namely Pseudomonas.
- ItemSensitivity of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) to clostridium botulinum toxins(Blackwell Publishing, 2001)The sensitivity of Oreochromis mossambicus to Clostridium botulinum toxin types A-E was investigated. All five toxin types were toxic to O. mossambicus. In the case of toxin types A-D, O. mossambicus was considerably more resistant than mice and, in the case of type E toxin, fish were more sensitive. The minimum intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of type E toxin for fish was half the minimum lethal dose for mice. The results of the study suggest that good hygiene should be maintained in fish/shrimp farms to keep contamination at a low level.
- ItemPrevalence and characterization of typical and atypical escherichia coli from fish sold at retail in Cochin, India(International Association for Food Protection, 2005)Escherichia coli is a common contaminant of seafood in the tropics and is often encountered in high numbers. The count of E. coli as well as verotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7 was estimated in 414 finfish samples composed of 23 species of fresh fish from retail markets and frozen fish from cold storage outlets in and around Cochin, India. A total of 484 presumptive E. coli were isolated, and their indole-methyl red-Voges-Proskauer-citrate (IMViC) pattern was determined. These strains were also tested for labile toxin production by a reverse passive latex agglutination method and checked for E. coli serotype O157 by latex agglutination with O157-specific antisera. Certain biochemical marker tests, such as methylumbelliferyl- beta -glucuronide (MUG), sorbitol fermentation, decarboxylase reactions, and hemolysis, which are useful for screening pathogenic E. coli, were also carried out. Results showed that 81.4% of the E. coli isolates were sorbitol positive. Among this group, 82% were MUG positive, and 14.46% of the total E. coli isolates showed human blood hemolysis. None of the isolates were positive for agglutination with E. coli O157 antisera nor did any produce heat-labile enterotoxin. This study indicates that typical E. coli O157 or labile toxin-producing E. coli is absent in the fish and fishery environments of Cochin (India). However, the presence of MUG and sorbitol-negative strains that are also hemolytic indicates the existence of aberrant strains, which require further investigation.