Peer Reviewed Journal Articles (Inter.) (B&N)

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Amino Acid Composition of 27 Food Fishes and Their Importance in Clinical Nutrition
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Mohanty, B.; Mahanty, A.; Ganguly, S.; Sankar, T.V.; Chakraborty, K.; Anandan, R.; Paul, B.N.; Sarma, D.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Behera, B.K.; Aftabuddin, Md.; Debnath, D.; Vijayagopal, P.; Sridhar, N.; Akhtar, M.S.; Sahi, N.; Mitra, T.; Banerjee, S.; Paria, P.; Das, D.; Das, Pushpita; Vijayan, K.K.; Laxmanan, K.K.; Sharma, A.P.
Proteins and amino acids are important biomolecules which regulate key metabolic pathways and serve as precursors for synthesis of biologically important substances; moreover, amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Fish is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and plays important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, crude protein content and amino acid compositions of important food fishes from different habitats have been studied. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and information on 27 food fishes was generated. The analysis showed that the cold water species are rich in lysine and aspartic acid, marine fishes in leucine, small indigenous fishes in histidine, and the carps and catfishes in glutamic acid and glycine.The enriched nutrition knowledge base would enhance the utility of fish as a source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and aid in their inclusion in dietary counseling and patient guidance for specific nutritional needs.
Amphiphilic dendrimer as reverse micelle: synthesis, characterization and application as homogeneous organocatalyst
(Elsevier, 2019) Mole, P.B.S.; George, S.; Shebitha, A.M.; Kannan, V.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Sreekumar, K.
The core and surface terminal groups are the two main catalytic sites in a dendrimer. In most of the reported examples, the catalytic sites in dendritic catalysis are the surface terminal functional groups. This perspective article concerned with the dendrimer based catalysis, involving these two catalytic sites and the dendrimer cavities. The interior cavities provide the nanoscale reactor sites, by creating reverse micelle like appearance for catalysis. In exploring the significant achievements in this area, a low generation PAMAM dendrimer with amphiphilic nature, having a polymeric core with large number of pendent amino groups was synthesized and concentrated its catalytic activity. The key features with respect to positive and/or negative catalytic activity was highlighted by synthesizing various aryl and heteroaryl 2-substituted benzimidazoles. The synthesized dendritic organocatalyst was proved to be amazingly reactive and gave high yield of products within a few minutes at room temperature with low catalyst loading. Here, a new stable hemiaminal, the species rarely been detected and much less isolated in bulk, was obtained during the synthesis of benzimidazoles. Moreover, this is the first reported method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, using the homogeneous PAMAM dendrimer as a basic organocatalyst
Biochemical profile and nutritional quality of Indian squid, Uroteuthis duvauceli
(2018) Remyakumari, K.R.; Ginson, J.; Ajeeshkumar, K.K.; Vishnu, K.V.; Asha, K.K.; Mathew, S.
This study was designed to find out the biochemical and nutritional profiling of Indian squid. Proximate composition of Uroteuthis duvauceli showed a content of 80.47% for moisture, 17.5% for protein, 0.52% for fat and 1.13% for ash, respectively. Amino acid analysis showed a higher content of glutamine, followed by aspartine, tryptopan, leucine, alanine and glycine. Higher concentrations of total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA), total acidic amino acid (TAAA), total neutral amino acid (TNAA), total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) and total aromatic amino acid (TArAA) were observed. In case of fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acid contributed highest quantity; whereas, DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids in the sample. Among the macro minerals, potassium showed highest content followed by sodium and calcium. As in the case of micro minerals, magnesium content showed highest proportion and copper showed least quantity. Commendable quantities of biochemical and nutritional content in U. duvauceli signify the appropriateness of this moderately exploited resource as an essential nutrients for nutritionally deprived population.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of anchovy (stolephorus commersonii) caught from Kerala coast, India
(Pelagia Research Library, 2013) Sankar, T.V.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Lakshmanan, P.T.; Varkey, J.; Aneesh, P.A.
Proximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition and mineral status of Commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) in three different size groups (3-5g,6-10g,25-30g)were studied. Moisture content was high in big size group and low in small size group. Fat content was found to be high in small size group and low in big size group showing an inverse relation between moisture content and fat content. It was observed that the protein content was high in medium sized fish. The essential amino acid content was significantly higher in small(3- 5g)and medium sized fish compared to larger fish. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was higher in small sized anchovies compared to other groups. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was five times higher than the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in all the fishes irrespective of size. The higher content of EPA produces antithrombotic anti-inflammatory effects and help in calcium metabolism. The mineral content was found higher in small sized fishes. Anchovy can be a cheap and ideal dietary supplement for children and elderly.
Chitosan – Whey protein as efficient delivery system for squalene: Characterization and functional food application
(Elsevier, 2019) Kumar Lekshmi, R.G.; Rahima, M.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Tejpal, C.S.; Anas, K.K.; Vishnu, K.V.; Sarika, K.; Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Suseela, Mathew
Squalene, a triterpenoid compound possessing excellent bioactivities, is not being utilized as a functional food ingredient due to its high susceptibility to oxidation. In the present study, the feasibility of chitosan-whey protein as an efficient wall material for squalene encapsulation using spray drying technique was attempted for functional food applications. The encapsulation efficiency of the squalene powder was found to be 75.4 ± 0.22% whereas other physico-chemical properties such as moisture content, flowability, solubility, peroxide value, etc. have shown satisfactory results. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that chitosan-whey protein was able to retain the thermal stability of squalene up to a temperature of 422 °C. Furthermore, the functional food application of the encapsulated squalene in a bakery product (cake) exhibited significantly (p b 0.05) better properties in terms of oxidative stability, sensory attributes than that of cake with pure squalene and control treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that emulsification of squalene in chitosan-whey protein and its subsequent encapsulation by spray drying can be a potential process to produce oxidatively stable encapsulates for the development of functional foods.
Chitosan – whey protein as efficient delivery system for squalene: characterization and functional food application
(Elsevier, 2019) Lekshmi, R.G.K.; Rahima, M.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Tejpal, C.S.; Anas, K.K.; Vishnu, K.V.; Sarika, K.; Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.
Squalene, a triterpenoid compound possessing excellent bioactivities, is not being utilized as a functional food ingredient due to its high susceptibility to oxidation. In the present study, the feasibility of chitosan-whey protein as an efficient wall material for squalene encapsulation using spray drying technique was attempted for functional food applications. The encapsulation efficiency of the squalene powder was found to be 75.4 ± 0.22% whereas other physico-chemical properties such as moisture content, flowability, solubility, peroxide value, etc. have shown satisfactory results. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that chitosan-whey protein was able to retain the thermal stability of squalene up to a temperature of 422 °C. Furthermore, the functional food application of the encapsulated squalene in a bakery product (cake) exhibited significantly (p b 0.05) better properties in terms of oxidative stability, sensory attributes than that of cake with pure squalene and control treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that emulsification of squalene in chitosan-whey protein and its subsequent encapsulation by spray drying can be a potential process to produce oxidatively stable encapsulates for the development of functional foods
Chitosan: whey protein isolate: an effective emulsifier for stabilization of squalene based emulsions
(Springer, 2019) Kumar, L.R.G.; Anas, K.K.; Tejpal, C.S.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Vishnu, V.K.; Asha, K.K.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.
Chitosan, a biocompatible functional polysaccharide, often in conjunction with proteins is being employed as efficient food delivery systems assuring better stability and release properties.In the present study, the formulation of a stable squalenein- water emulsion was attempted using chitosan-whey protein isolate complex as the wall material. Six different treatments (A–F) of biopolymers were prepared by varying the pH (4.5 and 5.5) and chitosan concentration (0.25, 0.5 and 1%), whereas the concentration of whey protein isolate was kept constant (10%). Emulsions were prepared by high speed homogenization after addition of squalene at the rate of 30% of the total wall material weight (w/w). Emulsions prepared using 1% chitosan, 10% whey protein isolate at pH 5.5 (Treatment F) was found to be significantly stable (p < 0.05) with an emulsion stability index of 97.05 ± 0.10%, lowest particle size and highest zeta potential. Rheological analysis revealed that treatment F had the highest viscosity along with the highest consistency coefficient (K) value of 5.85 ± 0.01. The findings of the study showed that a stable complex prepared by 1% chitosan and 10% whey protein isolate at 5.5 pH can be utilized as a stable mixed delivery system for biologically sensitive lipophilic compounds.
Dietary supplementation of thiamine and pyridoxine-loaded vanillic acid-grafted chitosan microspheres enhances growth performance, metabolic and immune responses in experimental rats
(Elsevier, 2017) Tejpal, C.S.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Elavarasan, K.; Lekshmi, R.G.K.; Anandan, R.; Asha, K.K.; Ganesan, B.; Mathew, S.; Ravishankar, C.N.
Effect of tetracycline on pancreas and liver function of adult male albino rats
(Wiley, 2007) Asha, K.K.; Sankar, T.V.; Nair, P.G.V.
The effect of tetracycline, at two doses of 50 and 200 mg kg−1 daily, was studied on pancreatic and liver tissue function for 14 and 21 days in adult male albino rats. For pancreatic function the parameters studied were content of amylase and lipase in pancreas, serum amylase and lipase, serum glucose and faecal fat excretion. For liver function, liver specific enzymes in serum, namely alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were estimated. In addition, total lipid, antiperoxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation were measured in pancreas and liver. The content of amylase and lipase in pancreas showed a small but significant decrease in the rats given 50 mg kg−1 for 21 days and the decrease was much more significant in those receiving the 200 mg kg−1 dose. In pancreas free radical levels show a significant increase and reduced glutathione shows a substantial decrease at the 50 mg kg−1 level and a significant change in these parameters was observed at the 200 mg kg−1 dose. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase, showed a small but significant decrease in the pancreas of the rats treated with 50 mg kg−1 tetracycline. A significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes level was observed at the 200 mg kg−1 dose. In the liver, free radical levels and reduced glutathione were within the normal range at the 50 mg kg−1 level and significant changes were observed at 200 mg kg−1. The antioxidant status was unaffected in liver after treatment with tetracycline at the 50 mg kg−1 level and a significant decrease was observed at the higher dose. Our results reveal the safe nature of tetracycline with respect to the liver at the lower dose tested, whereas, both the higher and lower doses seem to have detrimental effect on the pancreas as revealed by the rise in free radical levels and decrease in the antioxidant enzyme levels.
In vitro anti-cervical cancer effect of proteoglycans isolated from deep sea shark cartilage by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
(2017) Ajeeshkumar, K.K.; Vishnu, K.V.; Asha, K.K.; Remya Kumari, K.R.; Reshma, J.; Suseela Mathew
The present study was aimed at studying in vitro anti-cervical cancer effect of proteoglycans (PGs) isolated from deep sea shark. Anti-proliferative activity and apoptotic involvement were confirmed by following assays viz, the cell viability assay by MTT assay, morphological analysis and colony formation assay. The sample showed a significant cytotoxic activity for HeLa cells and results showed that the PGs at a concentration of 250μg/mL inhibit the colony formation capacity. Apoptosis induction was confirmed by the chromatin condensation assay by Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining. A number of apoptotic HeLa cells displayed a round and shrunken cell body and chromatin condensation inside the nucleus suggesting that PGs-induced apoptosis caused cell death. Apoptosis of HeLa cells was further verified by annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and PI (propidium iodide) staining by flow cytometry. PGs (250 μg/ml) were found to induce apoptosis and the ratio of apoptotic cells were 30.5%. Cell cycle arrest at G1/M and G2/M phase confirmed the cell death due to cell cycle arrest. Our study determined that proteoglycans effectively induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrestestablishing their anti-proliferative effect against cervical cancer.
Microencapsulation of β-carotene with vanillic acid grafted chitosan improves stability and glutathione content in rats
(2018) Asha, K.K.; Ajeeshkumar, K.K.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Anandan, R.; Mathew, S.
Proteoglycans isolated from the bramble shark cartilage show potential anti-osteoarthritic properties
(2019) Ajeeshkumar, K.K.; Vishnu, K.V.; Navneethan, R.; Raj, K.; Remyakumari, K.R.; Swaminathan, T.R.; Mathew, S.; Asha, K.K.; Sreekanth, G.P.
Osteoarthritis (OA) causes articular cartilage destruction, initiating pain and inflammation in the joints, resulting in joint disability. Medications are available to manage these symptoms; however, their effects on the disease progression are limited. Loss of proteoglycans (PGs) was reported to contribute articular cartilage destruction in OA. Therapeutics approaches were previously studied in the animal models of OA. In the present study, we investigated the oral efficacy of four dosages of PGs (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), isolated from the bramble shark cartilage, in an animal model of OA. Indomethacin was used as a bioequivalent formulation. Primarily, the mass spectrum analysis of the purified PGs obtained from bramble shark cartilage revealed the presence of two unique peptides including AGWLSDGSVR and LDGNPINLSK, that showed sequence similarity with aggrecan core-protein and epiphycan, respectively. The levels of C-reactive protein and uric acid in the OA rats were reduced when treated with PGs. Histopathology analysis displayed less cartilage erosion and neovascularization in OA rats treated with PGs. The X-ray imaging presented higher bone density with 200 mg/kg dosage of PG treatment in OA rats. The expressions of the inflammatory modulators including TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP13, NOS2, IL-10 and COX-2 were found to be moderated with PG treatment. In addition, PG treatment maintained the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and catalase in the joint tissues with a higher GSH content, in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our preliminary findings report the anti-osteoarthritic properties of PGs and recommend to evaluate its efficacy and safety in randomized trials.
Proximate composition and mineral profile of two deep sea fishes (Parascolopsis tanyactis and Beryx splendens) cought from Indian west-coast waters
(2016) Jayarani, R.; Vijayan, D.K.; Navaneethan, R.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Sivaraman, G.K.; Asha, K.K.; Mathew, S.; Mohanty, B.P.; Anandan, R.
Today most of the population especially children and elderly persons are suffering from nutritional deficiency disorders due to non-availability or scarcity of nutritionally balanced diet. The nutrient research world is mainly focusing this problem to find out a solution especially for malnutrition. Deep sea is a potential source of different fish varieties and the effective exploitation and utilization of the same will be helpful to boost up the status of nutrient rich diet for human consumption. As an attempt to diminish the above difficulty a comparative study has been made on the nutritional status of two abundantly available deep sea fishes (Parascolopsis tanyactis and Beryx splendens) with Sardinella longiceps; commonly available fish species of Indian coasts. Those species were inspected for their proximate composition and mineral status to find whether they could be a curative source for deficiency diseases in suffering population. The result of the study reveals that the selected fish species are rich in minerals which play vital roles in different physiological activities and are in a comparable level to that of common nutrient rich food fish sardine. So the effective utilization of those fishes may be helpful to trim down the human health problems.

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