2017

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    Temporal Variability of Size-fractionated Chlorophyll a Concentration and Influence of Chemical Parameters in Coastal waters of South-eastern Arabian Sea
    (Fishery Technology, 2016) Minu, P.; Souda, V. P.; Ashraf, P. Muhamed
    Phytoplankton size structure influences the underwater light field and determines the fate of carbon in a pelagic food chain. Temporal and vertical variations of size fractionated chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) were investigated along coastal region off Kochi from May 2013 to April 2014 in order to understand the influence of environmental parameters on phytoplankton size distribution in coastal waters of South-eastern Arabian Sea. The study identified abundance of microphytoplankton around 10m depth, nanophytoplankton from surface to 5m depth and picophytoplankton in 10-20m water column. The results also showed that increased nitrate and phosphate concentration favoured nanophytoplankton growth and increased silicate concentration favoured the growth of microphytoplankton. Pre-showers and extended southwest monsoon along with variation in nutrient concentrations in the area during the study period significantly influenced the variation in size fractionated chlorophyll, absorption by phytoplankton and its numerical density. The results will provide an insight into the chemical factors that control the production cycle in this neritic system and can be used to improve the size fraction algorithms for various societal applications of remote sensing.
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    Efficacy of Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Non-Phosphate Additives on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on Prawns (Fenneropenaeus indicus) (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) during Frozen Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),COCHIN, 2017) Bini, Francis; Sudha, Santha; Hatha, A. M.
    Use of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and nonphosphate additives (NP1) in combination with sodium chloride is practised in soaking to prevent drip loss while thawing the frozen shrimp. In the present study, we have determined the efficacy of these additives on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on prawns (Fenneropenaeus indicus), during block freezing and individual quick freezing conditions. Freshly harvested prawns were beheaded and treated with a blend solution containing STPP/NP1 at 3 g 100 ml-1 in combination with sodium chloride at 2g 100 ml-1, in two separate experiments. At appropriate time intervals, whole prawns were sampled and dilutions plated onto TCBS agar medium to determine the number of V. parahaemolyticus. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Results indicated that STPP treated samples exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number of V. parahaemolyticus at any given time in both frozen conditions over the course of storage period as compared with non- phosphate treated samples. On the other hand, control samples (water dip) showed a gradual reduction in the number of organism, which is attributed to freezing. Therefore, sodium tripolyphosphate can be used as a promising drip loss preventer as well as an antimicrobial, to enhance the safety of frozen seafood.
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    Identification of Key Factors to Negotiate Spontaneous Spawning of Clarias batrachus in Confinement
    (Fishery Technology, 2017) Priyadarshi, Himanshu; Singh, A. A.; Jamoh, Neriyang; Chakraborty, Puja; Bogi, Rasidamad; Singh, S. B; Mallik, Abhijit; Mahendrajit, Amom; Khuman, O. N; Paul, Tapas; Das, Rekha
    Clarias batrachus do not spawn spontaneously in confined conditions even after induction using synthetic hormones. Current hatchery techniques for seed production of the species involves fertilization of stripped eggs using ground testes suspension from a sacrificed male. The study report the elicitation of spontaneous spawning in C. batrachus and the successful hatching of the eggs collected there from. The mature males and females were induced using ovatideTM and released into a gently sloping drain planted with paddy saplings. The fertilized eggs were collected 24 h post injection and transferred to a flow-through device for incubation. It is observed that bilateral injection of ovatide in combination with complete exclusion of light and total simulation of the natural breeding grounds of the species have positive influence on spontaneous spawning in confinement. With finer refinements, it would be possible to have more control and success in terms of spontaneous spawning and easy collection of the eggs, which is desirable for a commercial hatchery.
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    Antioxidative effect of pineapple peel extracts in refrigerated storage of Indian Mackerel
    (Society of Fisheries Technologist(India), 2017) Uchoi, D.; Raju, C.V.; Lakshmisha, I.P.; Singh, R.R.; Elavarasan, K.
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    Digestibility of Dry Matter and Nutrients from Azolla pinnata by Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) with a Note on Digestive Enzyme Activity
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),cochin, 2017) Gangadhar, B; Umalatha, H.; Hegde, G; Sridhar, N
    Digestibility of feed ingredients in the compounded diet is an important factor affecting the growth of fish. A study was conducted in indoor plastic tubs to estimate the in vivo digestibility of dry matter and nutrients by a minor carp Labeo calbasu for a nonconventional feed ingredient – azolla, incorporated at levels ranging from 0-40% using crude fibre as the marker. The activities of major digestive enzymes were also estimated in the gut of fish fed varied levels of azolla. The digestibility values were the highest (p<0.05) at 10% azolla inclusion level. While the total dry matter digestibility and fat digestibility values of control diet were comparable with that of azolla diets up to 30% incorporation, with a decline thereafter; protein and NFE digestibilities were comparable up to 40% incorporation. Activities of majority of digestive enzymes were the highest (p<0.05) at 10% azolla incorporation level showing a decreasing trend at still higher levels. The study reveals the usefulness of azolla for inclusion in calbasu diets. Azolla can be used up to 30% without affecting the digestibility.
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    Occurrence of Low Value Bycatch in Trawl Fisheries off Karnataka, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),COCHIN, 2017) Mahesh, V; Benakappa, S; Dineshbabu, A.P; Kumar Naik, A.S; Vijaykumar, M.E; Khavi, Muttappa
    Bottom trawling in the most effective method of shrimp capture but highly intensive trawling adversely affects benthic ecology and biodiversity. The present study is aimed to throw light on low value bycatch (LVB) landings and catch composition of trawl boats, at Mangaluru fisheries harbour. The quantity of fish landings by single day trawlers (SDT) during 2012-14 was 2 151.3 t y-1, of which 61.8% was considered as edible grade and 38.2% was LVB. Multiday trawlers (MDT) landed an estimated 165917.2 t of fishes/yr, out of which 79.6% were marked for edible use and remaining 20.4% was landed as LVB. LVB to target group ratio for SDT and MDT landings was 1:1.66 and 1:3.93, respectively. The LVB of MDT consisted of 121 finfishes belonging to 82 genera, 55 families and 13 orders. An estimated 47.53% of the finfish LVB landing by weight (56.1% by number) was contributed by juveniles of commercially important species and the estimated resource loss was 14044 t by weight and 11000 million in number. From the fishery resource conservation and sustainability point of view, the magnitude of resource damage due to trawl bycatch is alarmingly increasing. The study recommends using trawl nets with 35 mm square mesh codend, effort reduction in critical fishing grounds and adoption of Juvenile Fish Excluder cum Shrimp Sorting Device (JFE-SSD) which minimizes juvenile fish catch.
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    Depredation and catch loss due to the interaction of aquatic organisms with ring seines off Cochin Region
    (Society of Fisheries Technologist(India), 2017) Raphael, L.; Joseph, R.; Edwin, L.
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    Digitization of Inland Water Resources for Fisheries through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - A Study in Ratnagiri District
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),cochin, 2017) Lokhande, P.C; Shirdhankar, M.M; Chaudhari, K.J; Sawant, M. S.
    Natural inland aquatic resources such as rivers, creeks, mangroves as well as manmade resources such as reservoirs, shrimp farms and shrimp hatcheries of Ratnagiri district were mapped using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). IRS P6 LISS III images were used for mapping. A total of 10 rivers, 24 creeks and 2435.16 ha of mangrove area were identified and mapped. There are 65 reservoirs, 40 shrimp farms and 2 hatcheries in the district. Digital maps of each resource with details were incorporated using GIS techniques. IRS P6 LISS III images with 23 m resolution can be processed after enhancing resolution to 15 m by merging with Landset ETM+ image to map inland fisheries resources through Geographical Information System.
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    Assessment of Socio-economic status of Fishers across Different Sectors in Tamil Nadu
    (2017) Salim, Shyam S.; Narayanakumar, R; Sathiadhas, R; Antony, Bindu; Manjusha, U
    The study found that the measures for improving literacy and health facilities created a positiveimpact on the livelihoods of the fisher community. The education and health standards are comparable with any other sector in the state providing ample opportunities for the upliftment of the fishers in the future. Over the years, due to the seasonality of the fishing operations and higher gestation period in culture sector, the fishers often diversified their income sources which include business, agriculture, labour, services and others. However due to increasing expenditure on account of maintaining the living standard, they are still engulfed in the vicious circle of poverty due to increased debt and lack of savings. Hence, appropriate measures need to be initiated to develop alternative avocations to improve income and standard of living.
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    Structural, thermal and film forming properties of gelatin from pink perch surimi refiner discharge
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Devi, H.M.; Balange, A.K.; Zynudheen, A.A.
    The objective of the present study was to characterize the gelatin obtained from pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) surimi refiner discharge [referred as refiner discharge gelatin (RDG)] with reference to its structural, thermal and film forming ability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to characterize the gelatin. An edible film was developed with different concentrations of RDG (2-6%) by casting method. FTIR analysis showed that the gelatin from refiner discharge has similar spectra with porcine gelatin (PG). The amide I and amide II bands of RDG occurred at around 1654 and 1578 cm-1 respectively. RDG has a broad endothermic peak at 85.64oC with transition enthalpy (ΔH) of 208.02 J g-1 as revealed by thermal analysis indicating the thermal transition temperature and the energy required for the transition respectively. RDG showed good film forming property. The gelatin concentration had strong significant (p<0.05) effect on the viscosity of film forming solution. Films were more opaque at higher concentration of gelatin compared to the films prepared at lower concentration. Higher L* values were observed for all the films prepared and there were no significant differences among the gelatin concentrations. Tensile strength of the film increased with increasing gelatin concentration whereas the film swelling was found to be decreased. The study clearly demonstrated that the waste from the surimi processing industries like refiner discharge can be an alternative raw material for gelatin production and can be used for edible packaging films development.
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    Biochemical Changes During Salt Fermentation of Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),COCHIN, 2017) Praveen Kumar, G; Balange, A.K; Martin Xavier, K.A; Nayak, B.B; Sanath Kumar, H
    The suitability of Pangasius hypophthalmus as a raw material for salt fermentation and changes during 135 days was analysed. Pangasius steaks were fermented in food grade PVC jar and biochemical parameters such as pH, salt, thiobarbutric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free α-amino nitrogen (FAN), moisture and ash content were analysed. The moisture content of Pangasius had shown a slight increase during fermentation from 54.9% (0th day) to 56.67 (135th day). Ash content recorded an increase from 11.98% on 1st day to 18.17% (135th day). Salt content of Pangasius steaks has increased significantly (p 0.5) during fermentation. TBARS content recorded an increase till 75th day and decreased continuously till maturation. The FAN registered an increase from 44.71 mg% (0th day) to 92.86 mg% (135th day).The moisture, pH, ash, salt, TBARS, FAN in the final matured fermented product were 56.67%, 5.93%, 18.17%, 14.43% and 0.21 mg malonaldehyde kg-1 of fat and 92.86 mg% respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that Pangasius developed a firm consistency and characteristic flavour and taste over 135 days of maturation.
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    Thiamine and pyridoxine loaded vanillic acid grafted chitosan modulates lactate and malate dehydrogenase in albino rats
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Tejpal, C.S.; Chatterjee, N.S.; Elavarasan, K.; Lekshmi, R.G.K.; Anandan, R.; Asha, K.K.; Ganesan, B.; Mathew, S.
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    Nonparametric regression estimation of growth rate of India’s fish production and export
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Joshy, C.G.; Balakrishna, N.; Ravishankar, C.N.
    Mechanistic growth models, parametric and nonparametric regression models were used to estimate the trend and growth rate of fish production in India during the period 1980 to 2014 and fish export during the period 1960 to 2014. It was found that parametric and mechanistic growth models produced high R2 values and low RMSE, but error terms of fitted models were not independent. The local polynomial regression of order one was fitted to the data and found to be the best model to estimate the trend of fish production and export over the decades. Nonparametric regression approach used to estimate the compound growth rate of fish production and export efficiently compared to parametric and mechanistic growth models.
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    Review on biochemical composition and microflora of prawns
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Joseph, G.; Bindu, J.
    Prawns are highly demanded seafood commodity both in domestic and International markets due to their nutritional value and unique taste. However, its trading is a risky business due to quick perishable nature and the formation of black spots on the exoskeleton. Biochemical composition such as water activity, pH and autolytic enzymes of the prawn significantly influence the degree of spoilage; moreover, prawns are scavengers and filter feeders which cause them to accumulate several bacteria in their body, which also accelerates the spoilage process. Hence, basic information regarding the biochemical composition and micro-flora of prawn are highly relevant to find out suitable preservation techniques and the production of various value added products. This article reviews the available information on the moisture, sarcoplasmic protein, myofibrillar proteins, stroma protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), free amino acid, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mineral content and microflora of the prawns.
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    Effect of washing on the adhesion of Yersinia enterocolitica on fish and shrimp muscle surface
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Kishore, P.; Suma, D.; Minimol, V.A.; Thakur, A.; Uchoi, D.; Nayak, B.B.
    Water is used traditionally with or without a sanitizing agent to wash fresh seafood and to reduce pathogens attached to the surface. Ability of Yersinia enterocolitica to get attached to fish and shrimp muscle and detached during water washing was studied. Dressed tissues were dipped in suspension containing Yersinia enterocolitica 108-109 cells per ml and washed sequentially. Bacterial counts and tetrazolium salt reduction were estimated. The study revealed that first wash was more effective compared to two subsequent washes. The bacterial reduced from 5.145 log CFU g-1 to 4.445 log CFU g-1 in fish and 5.05 to 3.7 log CFU g-1 in shrimp after 3 washings. The cells which remained bound after washing were more active than those which got washed and were measured by per cell activity of the cells monitored by rate of formazan formed. The washing was found to be more effective in removing bacteria in shrimp tissue than in fish tissue provided initial quality of water was good.
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    Differential Training Needs of Fishery Demonstrators in the State of Assam, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),cochin, 2017) Sharma, D. J.; Dana, S. S.; Ghosh, Amitava
    Training has been playing a pivotal role in organizational and human resource development. Personnel in the Dept. of Fisheries should be imparted with in-service training on different technological and scientific aspects of fisheries, otherwise, they will soon be working far below to their potential capacity. Moreover, the findings in this regards will enable them for improving the organizational productivity and more efficient mode of technology transfer to the fish farmers. In-service training programmes on different aspects of inland fish farming should be conducted in a regular and phased manner so as to facilitate the continuous updating of knowledge and ultimately improve the fish production with state. Unbiased selection of trainees as per the organizational, professional requirements and socio-personal suitability should be followed for the selection of the candidates
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    Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Fish Descaling Machine
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India),COCHIN, 2017) Gaikwad, Nilesh N.; Ahmad, Tanbir; Yenge, Govind B.; Singh, Ajeet
    In fish post-harvest processing, one of the unit operations involved is removal of fish scales which is traditionally carried out by knife. The process is time consuming and cumbersome. This may also lead to injury to the person descaling the fishes. In this context, a hand held fish descaling machine has been designed and developed to increase the speed of descaling process, reduce the drudgery and improve the safety of operation. The fish descaling machine has important components such as descaling head, flexible shaft, safety shield, 1 hp motor, AC drive and a stand for fixing motor and A.C. drive. Four different types of innovative designs of descaling heads namely, diamond shaped, inverted V shaped, 13 slots and 26 slots were tested at different speeds for the capacity, efficiency, energy consumption and injuries inflicted. Performance of the machine was tested for two fish species using four descaling heads at 1440, 2000 and 2800 rpm. The diamond shaped descaling head with its unique design showed maximum descaling rate at 2800 rpm. The fish descaling machine reduced drudgery in descaling operation and also reduced the time required in descaling from 120 to 40 s for average 500 g fish vis a vis traditional hand tool in practice. There were no incidence of injuries reported to person descaling the fishes and also no skin damages to fishes while descaling. Average energy requirement was 0.25 kwh for the machine and an unskilled labour was required for operation. The machine is suitable for descaling of catla and silver carp fish species.
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    Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from seafood of Veraval, Gujarat to third generation cephalosporins
    (Society of Fishery Technologists (India), 2017) Sivaraman, G.K.; Jha, A.K.; Remya, S.; Renuka, V.; Lalitha, K.V.; Ravishankar, C.N.
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    Carcass Characteristics of Farmed Medium Carp Hypselobarbus pulchellus (Day, 1878)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2017) Raghunath, M. R; Sridhar, N; Hemaprasanth, K; Gangadhar, B; Ananda Kumar, B.S; Rajesh, N; Umalata, H; Hegde, G; Jayasankar, P
    The carcass quality traits of an endemic carp, Hypselobarbus pulchellus, were assessed to determine its flesh yield and quality. Fish were stocked at 5000 no. ha-1 in 0.1 ha earthen composite aquaculture ponds with a mean temperature of 24.6°C and given supplementary feed once daily. Fish weighing between 1.8-2.5 kg were assessed for carcass and offal yields as well as carcass cutability, organoleptic evaluation and proximate composition. Dressed fish (n=10) were cut at three median places to yield head, first, second and third body sections. The fish had a length of 48.2±6.4 cm and weight of 2.1±0.71 kg with a condition factor (K) of 3.5±0.7. The second body section (BS) of the fish had the maximum girth, area and weight followed by first and third body sections. The girth, area and weight of the three BS were linearly proportional to the weight of the fish but not to its length. The variations in the characteristics were also higher in the bigger sections. The three body sections constituted 64% of the weight of fish, while the offal and head comprised 26 and 10% respectively. Mean yield on dressing of fish was 70% with a meat: bone ratio of 3.27. There were no differences between the first, second and third body sections in their proximate composition. Brine cooked sections evaluated by a panel were not significantly different in taste. The fish had a proximate composition of 73.2±0.7% moisture, 23±0.6% protein, 5.3±1.6% fat and 1.4±0.2% ash.
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    Digitization of Inland Water Resources for Fisheries through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - A Study in Ratnagiri District
    (2017) Kumari, Shweta; Sharma, Arpita; Ghosh, Amitava; Chaturvedi, C.S
    Fisheries is one of the primary source of livelihood in Chhattisgarh and a number of community ponds have come up or have been revived under Government’s promotional programmes with fishing rights given to co-operative groups or to local SHGs. As per Jila Panchayat office, 115 SHGs are involved in fisheries related activities in Raipur. However, there is little information available regarding these SHGs. So a study was carried out to document fisheries activities undertaken by SHGs and to assess their performance in the 4 blocks of Raipur. Out of 115 SHGs, information was collected from 10 SHGs from each block making a total of 40 SHGs. Performance of SHGs was assessed using NABARD checklist which consists of 16 parameters. SHGs are rated as very good (score: 3), good (score: 2) and unsatisfactory (score: 1) based on scores on these 16 parameters. It was found that SHGs have perennial ponds taken on lease. Women were involved in i.e., seed stocking, fish harvesting and selling. Composite fish culture with Indian Major Carps and exotic carp was practiced. None of the SHG had very good performance. It was found that SHGs were formed in different plan periods. ANOVA with one way classification was done to test the difference in these SHGs with reference to performance score and found that there is no significant difference. Average performance score was 2.17 ± 0.18 which suggests good performance. Parameters where score was less were number of meetings, timings of meetings, savings collection within group and loan recoveries. Interventions are required at a large scale so as to educate and counsel the SHGs to improve their performance scores