2013
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- ItemDegradation Analysis of Polyamide 6 Monofilament Fibers Coated with Thermoplastic Polyurethane Thin Films(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) John, Baiju; Furukawa, MutsuhisaDegradation studies were conducted on high performance polyamide (PA) 6 monofilament fibers prepared with various types of thermoplastic thin film coatings. Polyether, polyester and polycarbonate based polyurethane thin film coatings were used with changes in the molecular weight of the polyols and NCO index. It was found that the thermoplastic coating significantly protected the core PA6 monofilament fibers from degradation, analyzed through sliding abrasive wear and accelerated weathering irrespective of the type and nature of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) thin film coating. The structural and physical changes were analyzed after exposure to degradation tests. Polycarbonate based TPU thin film coated PA6 monofilament fibers showed significant resistance towards degradation factors as compared to the polyether and polyester based TPU thin film coatings. The TPU thin film coated PA6 monofilament fibers are potential candidates as material for fishing gear
- ItemEffect of Diel Rhythms of Feeding on Growth Performance of Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus Fingerlings(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Jindal, MeenakshiClarias batrachus fingerlings were maintained under laboratory conditions and fed on a 40% soybean based protein diet on a circadian pattern selecting six different time intervals, viz., 0800h, 1200h, 1600h, 2000h, 2400h and 0400h. The results indicated that body weight gain (live weight gain and specific growth rate) in C. batrachus on a time restricted meal is optimal when the food is made available at midnight viz., 2400h. Better accumulation of protein with less excretion of ammonia in fish body was also reported at this time of feeding. The study concluded that the growth rates of fish fed during night time (mid-night) had significantly low food conversion ratios and food wastage. Therefore, it is beneficial to feed C. batrachus at mid-night
- ItemEconomics of Fish Production in Bharatpur District, Rajasthan, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Kumar, Brijesh; Biradar, R.S; Debnath, Biswajit; Sharma, RamaFish culture in Rajasthan is a promising sector and the potential for growth in the state is still far from exhaustion. Among the 32 districts of this state, Bharatpur has good potential for fish culture. The present study is based on a cross-sectional primary data collected from 60 farmers from this district through random sampling method under two different categories viz., farmers having own ponds (n=30) and farmers with leased ponds (n=30). Besides, analysis was carried out in small sized (<1 ha) and large sized farms (>1 ha) for both categories for a better understanding of production economics. The study indicated that fish farmers followed a low input based traditional type of fish farming. Higher average cost per ha was observed in smaller farm size (< 1 ha) for both owned and leased ponds. It was observed to be Rs. 57 129 and Rs. 65 774 for owned and leased small ponds against Rs. 46 194 and Rs. 24 950 for owned and leased large ponds. Level of productivity also followed a similar trend and it was higher in smaller ponds for both owned (2 538 kg ha-1 yr-1) and leased ponds (2 270 kg ha-1 yr-1) against the productivity of large ponds (1 230 kg ha-1 yr-1and 1 568 kg ha-1 yr-1 for owned and leased ponds respectively). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was found to be 2.19 and 2.28 for owned and leased ponds respectively. BCR was higher in small owned ponds (2.34) when compared to small leased ponds (2.12). In the case of large sized ponds, it was higher in
- ItemStandardization of process parameters for ready-to-eat crab koftha in indigenous polymer-coated tin-free steel cans(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Abhilash, S.; Sreenath, P.G.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Gopal, T.K.S.Koftha is a traditional North Indian food consisting of whole cooked potatoes in spicy gravy. Fried crab balls with koftha medium was packed in indigenous polymer-coated easy open-end tin-free steel cans of 307 ×109 size and processed at 121.1oC to three different F0 values of 5, 6 and 7 with cook values of 61, 75 and 78 min respectively. The fried and processed crab balls were evaluated by sensory analysis, instrumental texture and colour analysis. Even though the processed cans for all three F0 values were found to be commercially sterile, the product processed to F0 6 was found to be ideal with regard to all sensory attributes. The one way analysis of variance of all the instrumental textural characteristics viz., hardness 1, hardness 2, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness of different thermal process treatments were found to be significant at 5% level of significance. The treatment means comparisons for instrumental textural characteristics of different thermal process treatments were performed using Tukey’s Test and the values were maximum for fried crab balls and minimum for crab balls processed to F0 6 except for gumminess which was minimum for F0 7. Considering the sensory and instrumental textural characteristics, F0 6 was identified as the optimum process for crab koftha.
- ItemBiochemical composition of myctophid species diaphus watasei and myctophum obtusirostre caught from Arabian sea(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Rajamoorthy, K.; Pradeep, K.; Anandan, R.; Libin, B.; Sankar, T.V.; Lakshmanan, P.T.An attempt was made to evaluate the biochemical composition of myctophid fishes Diaphus watasei and Myctophum obtusirostre collected from Arabian Sea (8°30’50"N - 9°07’50"N lat and 75°49’20"E - 75°58’60"E long). The moisture content in D. watasei was significantly lower (63.19 ± 0.47%) compared to M. obtusirostre (71.32%), while fat content was significantly higher in D. watasei (15.13%) compared to M obtusirostre (3.54%). Protein also comprised significant proportions in these myctophids, contributing 21.40% in D. watasei and 22.64% in M. obtusirostre, with substantial amount of essential amino acids. The foremost amino acid was glutamic acid in both the species. Ash content was significantly higher in M. obtusirostre (3.06%) compared to D. watasei (1.33%). The present study indicates that both species contain good quantity of essential amino acids required for human nutrition.
- ItemPatenting Activities in Cage Culture – A Posteriori Approach(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sharma, ArpitaCage aquaculture is growing fast, and various technologies have been developed in different countries of which many have been protected with some form of Intellectual Property Rights like patents. Objective of this study was to examine patenting activities in cage culture. For this, patent search was performed using commercial (Micropat) and free online (www.freepatentsonline.com) database. International Patent Classification code A01K61/ 00 and word search using Boolean operators were the focus of the search strategy. Information was also collected from Indian Patent Office (IPO) for the period 1910 to 2000. A total of 129 patents related to cage culture were found from 1970 to 2009. Out of these, 46 patents were granted in USA, 41 in Japan, 32 under World Intellectual Property Organization, nine in Europe and one in UK. Number of patents granted from 1970-1994 viz., pre Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) era were 47 whereas from 1995 to 2009 (post TRIPS era), the number was 82 showing an increase of 74.5%. However, patenting activity has shown a decrease in 2000-2004 (25 patents) and in 2005-2009 (24 patents) compared to 1995-1999 during which maximum patents (33) were recorded. No conclusive reason could be reported for this. The patenting activities have to be documented and brought to broader notice, as cage culture is being given priority by nations across the world.
- ItemEvaluation of Fish Curry from Farmed and Wild Caught Indian Major Carps of Tarai Region, Uttarakhand(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Gupta, Monika; Upadhayay, A.K.; Pandey, N.N.; Kumar, P.The differences between pond cultured and naturally occurring (wild) Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala) from the reservoirs in terms of proximate composition of the fishes and sensory evaluation of fish curry made out of them are presented in this communication. Comparatively higher protein and ash but lower fat and carbohydrate were observed in wild fish species. The cultured fishes possessed high moisture and fat content. The panelist choice went in favour of fish curry prepared from Labeo rohita. There was superior preference for curry prepared from the wild fish over the cultured fish owing to stronger texture, required elasticity of chewing, pleasant taste and more delicious flavor. The results clearly indicate that wild fish is preferable to cultured fish due to firm texture, excellent affable taste and flavour.
- ItemBiochemical and Microbial Changes during Ice Storage of Mystus gulio and Puntius sophore(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Nath, Kapil Deb; Majumdar, R.K.; Debbarma, SujataBiochemical, microbial and organoleptic changes in two commercially important fishes (Mystus gulio and Puntius sophore) during ice storage have been studied. Ash content, lipid content, total nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen showed a decreasing trend whereas pH and salt soluble nitrogen showed reverse trend during the ice storage period. TVBN increased to 29.87 mg% on 10th day in P. sophore whereas, it crossed the border line of spoilage on 13th day in M. gulio. Aerobic plate count reached to 106g-1 on day 13 and day 10 for M . gulio and P. sophore respectively. Results obtained in the sensory analysis correlated well with the observed biochemical changes. The study indicated that the edible quality of M. gulio and P. sophore was maintained upto 13 and 10 days respectively when stored with ice.
- ItemAntioxidant Activity of Natural Astaxanthin Extracted from Shell of Arabian Red Shrimp Aristeus alcocki (Ramadan, 1938)(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sindhu, S; Sherief, P.M; George, Sajan; . Krishnakumar, SShrimp processing waste is one of the important natural sources of carotenoid. The major component of carotenoids of shrimp and crab shell were mono and diesters of astaxanthin, a very potent antioxidant with some unique properties. Astaxanthin is a powerful quencher of singlet oxygen activity and a strong scavenger of oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant activity of shrimp shell astaxanthin was evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The IC50 values obtained were 56.43 ± 1.06, 27.91 ± 0.54 and 26.54 ± 0.42 ng ml-1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin from Aristeus alcocki was obtained at nanogram levels. This powerful antioxidant function may be due to the unique molecular structure of astaxanthin and synergistic effect of astaxanthin and PUFAs present in the astaxanthin monoester and diester fractions.
- ItemPerformance of sieve net bycatch reduction devices in the seas off Cochin (southwest coast), India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Sabu, S.; Gibinkumar, T.R.; Pravin, P.; Boopendranath, M.R.Bottom trawling is widely employed for catching shrimps in India. Due to the multi species nature of Indian fisheries, bottom trawling catches considerable amount of non-shrimp resources, especially juveniles. Performance of two designs of Sieve net Bycatch Reduction Devices was evaluated in the seas off Cochin, southwest coast of India. Designs selected were Sieve net (i) with a 60 mm diamond mesh funnel inside the net and 80 mm diamond mesh outlet codend (Sieve net-60) and (ii) with 50 mm diamond mesh funnel inside the net with 60 mm diamond mesh outlet codend (Sieve net-50). Among the two Sieve nets evaluated, Sieve net-60 performed better in terms of shrimp retention. Bycatch exclusion in Sieve net-60 was about 37% (without jellyfish) and 15% (with jellyfish) while bycatch exclusion in Sieve net-50 operated during non-jelly fish season was 33%. Shrimp loss was 4.5% and 19.5% in Sieve net-60 and Sieve net-50, respectively. Marketable size groups of fishes and crabs were retained in outlet codends of the Sieve net BRDs. Sieve nets can also be efficiently used to exclude jellyfish when they are abound in the shrimp fishing grounds, by keeping the outlet codend open. Sieve net-60 has potential for adoption in tropical trawl fisheries, in order to minimize the impact of shrimp trawling on juveniles and non-targeted species.
- ItemChanges in Physico-Chemical and Microbial Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculated Fish Mince under Refrigeration Storage(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Dhar, Bahni; Saha, U.; Sarkar, SreekantaThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on storage stability of croaker (Johnius sp.) minced meat under refrigeration storage. Minced meat of croaker was inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus and stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C). A control (untreated) sample was also prepared and stored. The samples were analyzed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage for physico-chemical and microbial characteristics. Decrease in pH of inoculated sample from 6.09 to 5.47 with simultaneous increase in titrable acidity from 0.566 to 0.809 during entire storage indicated acid production by LAB. Microbial counts were lower in inoculated sample than in control. LAB count significantly increased in inoculated sample. The lowering of pH by acid production inhibited microbial growth. Physico-chemical parameters showed a significant (p<0.01) correlation with the microbial counts. Inoculation of LAB in minced fish enhanced its shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth and decreasing the protein and fat degradation product
- ItemFish Consumers’ Behaviour at Selected Fish Markets of Tripura, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Das, Apu; Kumar, Nalini Ranjan; Debnath, Biswajit; Barman, Debtanu; Datta, ManikKnowledge on preference for fish is important for producers and traders at micro-economic level and also for policy makers and planners at macroeconomic level. An attempt has been made to analyse the consumers’ preference for fish in Tripura. One hundred and sixty fish consumers were randomly selected from four wholesale-cumretail fish markets. The frequency, percentage analysis and Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) techniques were used to analyse consumers’ preferences and constraints. Highest preference was for freshwater local fishes (96.87% of the consumers). Among the species, 42% of consumers preferred rohu, 26% preferred catla and remaining 32% showed their preferences towards other fishes like mrigal, hilsa, pabda, carpio and tilapia. It was observed that 45% of the consumers was in the age group of 35-45 years and 53.75% had a family size of 5-7 members. Purchasing of fish was done mainly by the male members of the family (86.87%). Price (level & fluctuation) is the major constraint faced by the consumers of the state followed by availability of fish, lack of fresh fish, non availability of preferred species and lack of hygiene.
- ItemOrganic Load Induced Black Gill Discoloration in Farmed Litopenaeus vannamei and its Mitigation Using a Pond Sanitizer(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Babu, P. P. Suresh; Razvi, S. S. H.; Venugopal, G; Reddy, P. Rami; Mohan, K. Murli; Rao, P. Srinivasa; Acharyulu, V. N.In a nutshell, the present study indicates that the excess accumulation of organic matter will lead to pollution which in turn may lead to the black/brown discolouration in shrimps. But this specific problem can be overcome by the application of oxidising agents that reduces the organic load to safer levels. Better feed management practices are the simplest way to prevent pollution in shrimp ponds.
- ItemMangrove Mapping of Ratnagiri Coast using Different Classification Techniques(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Nakhawa, Ajay D.; Markad, Sandip S.; Vichare, Priyanka S.; Shirdhankar, MangeshMangrove coverage of Ratnagiri coast was mapped by using different techniques such as supervised classification, supervised classification of principal components, unsupervised classification and unsupervised classification of principal components and overall classification accuracy ranged from 79.46- 86.19, 82-89, 84.52-89 and 89-93% respectively. The kappa co-efficient for supervised classification, supervised classification of principal components, unsupervised classification and unsupervised classification of principal components were 0.74-0.82, 0.78-0.86, 0.81-0.87 and 0.87-0.90 respectively. Overall classification accuracy achieved by unsupervised classification of principal components technique was comparatively better than overall classification accuracy achieved by other techniques. Thus this technique is found appropriate for mapping the mangrove coverage in the Ratnagiri block.
- ItemCryoprotective Effect of Shrimp Waste Protein Hydrolysate on Croaker Surimi Protein and Gel Characteristics during Frozen Storage(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Dey, Satya S.; Dora, Krushna C.; Raychaudhuri, Utpal; Ganguly, SubhaEffect of shrimp waste protein hydrolysate (SWPH, 7.5% dried matter, T2) on quality of Croaker fish surimi protein was examined in terms of nitrogeneous parameters, myosin and actin degradation, Ca2+-ATPase activity and unfrozen water content in comparison to surimi with sucrosesorbitol blend (T1) and control (C, no additive) during frozen storage for 120 days at -25oC. Significant variation (p<0.05) of these parameters between storage days and difference of T1 and T2 sample from control suggested muscle protein as succeptible to freeze denaturation and application of SWPH as an alternative cryoprotectant to sucrosesorbitol (SuSo). Textural properties including gel strength, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess of kamaboko gel prepared from surimi samples decreased with storage days though SWPH was efficient enough to reduce effect of freeze denaturation on gel characteristics during initial three months of storage.
- ItemLength-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Dawkinsia exclamatio (Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 2005) from Kallada River of Kerala, India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Gladys, F.; Mercy, T. V. A.; Sajan, S.Dawkinsia exclamatio is endemic to Kerala region of the Western Ghats and to the best of our knowledge, there is no other reports on the growth studies on D. exclamatio. The results of the present study indicate that population of D. exclamatio in Kallada river follow an isometric growth pattern with ‘b’ values close to cubic law but there was no significant difference in the condition factor of D. exclamatio between length groups. This study adds basic information of this species, which may be useful in fisheries management and also in the conservation point of view.
- ItemInfluence of Soil on Biodegradation of Organic Wastes and Production of Live Fish Food Organisms(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Saini, V. P.; Ojha, M. L.; Nair, Preeti; Sharma, AmrataIn the biodegradation process, role of soil in waste treatment was evaluated. For this purpose, 50% domestic sewage, 750 mg l-1 sewage sludge and 500 mg l-1 night soil were selected for treatment. Each of these treatments was inoculated with four brooders of cladoceran for their multiplication and their subsequent performance was assessed for a period of 30 days. Presence of soil definitely increased the production of cladoceran. As such, the highest (5600 l-1) cladoceran population was noticed in culture systems having soil bed and treated with domestic sewage while the lowest (20 l-1) being in control. The results have depicted significant role of soil in maintaining favourable water quality conditions for good aquaculture. The concentration of organic carbon, phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen reduced significantly (p <0.05) in each culture medium from the initial levels. The study suggests that soil could be used in live fish food culture system that is helpful in waste recycling.
- ItemSocio-economic Empowerment of Fisherwomen in Southern States of India(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Khader, VijayaIn India women play a vital role in fisheries and allied activities. Contributions of fisher-women penetrate every aspect of post-harvest handling, preservation, processing and marketing of seafood products and provide an integral link between producers and consumers. This study was carried out in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. From these states, 13 districts and 28 villages were selected. A total of 5 744 households were covered. Assessment of the socio-economic status indicated that very few households (15.41%) maintained livestock for income generation. About 60% of the fisherwomen carried out post harvest activities to earn income. Food expenditure comprised 60.68% of earned income contributing to a major share of spending. Much of India’s national food security rests on the shoulders of its fisherwomen. Giving comprehensive care for these women, empowering them both socially and economically is a practical necessity if India’s fisheries sector is to be satisfactorily sustained.
- ItemSeafood ecolabelling(Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2013) Srinivasa Gopal, T.K.; Boopendranath, M.R.Ecolabelling, traceability and related certification schemes are becoming significant features of international fish trade and marketing. Ecolabels are “seals of approval” given to products that are deemed to have fewer negative impacts on the environment than functionally or competitively similar products. There are about 400 ecolabels concerning different products in operation in the world, of which nearly 50 are related to fisheries and aquaculture. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), Friend of the Sea (FOS), KRAV and Naturland are some of the well-known third party certification and ecolabelling schemes in fisheries. The effectiveness and potential trade implications of ecolabelling programmes have been widely discussed. The adoption of ecolabelling schemes provide additional tools to move towards sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture and brings together elements of the market, industry, environmental interests and communities. Different ecolabelling schemes for seafood products and the benefits, issues and challenges in their adoption are briefly reviewed in this paper.
- ItemOptimization of process parameters for ready-to-serve bread spread from blue swimmer crab portunus pelagicus in tin-free steel cans(Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Biji, K.B.; Chako, S.T.; Yathavamoorthi, R.; Ravishankar, C.N.; Bindu, J.; Mathew, S.The aim of the study was to develop ready-to-serve bread spread from crab meat. Bread spread was processed at 115, 121.1 and 1300C to an F0 value of 6 min. The effect of three different process temperatures on the chemical, physical and microbial quality was analysed. Heating lag factor (Jh) was highest for the product processed at 1150C whereas cooling lag factor (Jc) was highest for the product processed at 1300C. A reduction of 39.25 and 29.21% in process time was observed for the product processed at 130 and 121.10C respectively compared to product processed at 1150C. All the products were commercially sterile. TVB-N, TMA-N, TBA and FFA values increased upon thermal processing. Least increase of TVB-N and TMA-N was for the product processed at 1300C whereas least increase of FFA value was observed for the product processed at 121.10C. Thermal processing at higher temperature increased the loss of amino acids significantly (p<0.05). Sensorially, the product processed at 121.10C rated better compared to 115 and 1300C.