2013

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    Acute Toxicity and Optimal Dose of Clove Oil as Anaesthetic for Blue Hill Trout Barilius bakeri (Day)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sindhu, M.C; Ramachandran, A
    Stone (1999) and Kildea et al. (2004) have assessed the advantages and disadvantages of clove oil as a fish anaesthetic. Most of them have reported it to be safe and effective anaesthetic but it has a narrow margin of safety. Care must be taken when using high concentrations of clove oil for induction, because ventilatory failure may occur rapidly. A combined view of the findings leads to the recommendation that, for the size of blue hill trout used in the present study, clove oil, with fast induction and rapid recovery times offers a manageable, safe anaesthetic alternative, which can be useful in aquaculture and fish handling activities. In future clove oil would be in use as an anaesthetic in Indian blue hill trout for long distant transportation.
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    Adoption of Improved Practices in Freshwater Fish Farming
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Kappen, Daisy C; Thomson, K.T; Dinesh, K
    The study was undertaken to know the extent of adoption of improved practices in freshwater fish farming in the state of Kerala and to find out the relationship between the socio-psychological and economic characteristics of freshwater fish farmers with the level of adoption. One hundred fish farmers from all the 14 districts of Kerala were selected using proportionate random sampling technique. Data were collected with the help of a structured interview schedule. The results showed that majority (70%) of the respondents had medium level of adoption. Maximum adoption was observed in the practices of stocking the pond with selected species, followed by acclimatization of the seeds. Least amount of adoption was noticed in the case of maintenance of dissolved oxygen followed by application of inorganic fertilizer. The variables viz., information source utilization, social participation, marketing orientation and extension participation showed positive and significant association with level of adoption of the respondents, while risk orientation was negatively and significantly correlated. Twelve variables taken together for the multiple regression analysis explained 71% of variation in the adoption level. Out of the total 71% variations explained by the independent variables together, 70% was explained by the variables viz., occupation, information source utilization, risk orientation, marketing orientation and extension participation.
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    Antioxidant Activity of Natural Astaxanthin Extracted from Shell of Arabian Red Shrimp Aristeus alcocki (Ramadan, 1938)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sindhu, S; Sherief, P.M; George, Sajan; . Krishnakumar, S
    Shrimp processing waste is one of the important natural sources of carotenoid. The major component of carotenoids of shrimp and crab shell were mono and diesters of astaxanthin, a very potent antioxidant with some unique properties. Astaxanthin is a powerful quencher of singlet oxygen activity and a strong scavenger of oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant activity of shrimp shell astaxanthin was evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The IC50 values obtained were 56.43 ± 1.06, 27.91 ± 0.54 and 26.54 ± 0.42 ng ml-1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin from Aristeus alcocki was obtained at nanogram levels. This powerful antioxidant function may be due to the unique molecular structure of astaxanthin and synergistic effect of astaxanthin and PUFAs present in the astaxanthin monoester and diester fractions.
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    Biochemical and Microbial Changes during Ice Storage of Mystus gulio and Puntius sophore
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Nath, Kapil Deb; Majumdar, R.K.; Debbarma, Sujata
    Biochemical, microbial and organoleptic changes in two commercially important fishes (Mystus gulio and Puntius sophore) during ice storage have been studied. Ash content, lipid content, total nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen showed a decreasing trend whereas pH and salt soluble nitrogen showed reverse trend during the ice storage period. TVBN increased to 29.87 mg% on 10th day in P. sophore whereas, it crossed the border line of spoilage on 13th day in M. gulio. Aerobic plate count reached to 106g-1 on day 13 and day 10 for M . gulio and P. sophore respectively. Results obtained in the sensory analysis correlated well with the observed biochemical changes. The study indicated that the edible quality of M. gulio and P. sophore was maintained upto 13 and 10 days respectively when stored with ice.
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    Biochemical composition of myctophid species diaphus watasei and myctophum obtusirostre caught from Arabian sea
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Rajamoorthy, K.; Pradeep, K.; Anandan, R.; Libin, B.; Sankar, T.V.; Lakshmanan, P.T.
    An attempt was made to evaluate the biochemical composition of myctophid fishes Diaphus watasei and Myctophum obtusirostre collected from Arabian Sea (8°30’50"N - 9°07’50"N lat and 75°49’20"E - 75°58’60"E long). The moisture content in D. watasei was significantly lower (63.19 ± 0.47%) compared to M. obtusirostre (71.32%), while fat content was significantly higher in D. watasei (15.13%) compared to M obtusirostre (3.54%). Protein also comprised significant proportions in these myctophids, contributing 21.40% in D. watasei and 22.64% in M. obtusirostre, with substantial amount of essential amino acids. The foremost amino acid was glutamic acid in both the species. Ash content was significantly higher in M. obtusirostre (3.06%) compared to D. watasei (1.33%). The present study indicates that both species contain good quantity of essential amino acids required for human nutrition.
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    Body Composition of Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch 1794) from Tripura Waters with respect to Body Size, Condition Factor and Sex
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Debnath, Chandan; Sahoo, Lopamudra
    It is therefore concluded that if it is impossible to determine the proximate composition of O. bimaculatus directly, body constituents can be estimated from weight or length of the fish using predictive regression models with a reasonable amount of accuracy.
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    Changes in Physico-Chemical and Microbial Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculated Fish Mince under Refrigeration Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Dhar, Bahni; Saha, U.; Sarkar, Sreekanta
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on storage stability of croaker (Johnius sp.) minced meat under refrigeration storage. Minced meat of croaker was inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus and stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C). A control (untreated) sample was also prepared and stored. The samples were analyzed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage for physico-chemical and microbial characteristics. Decrease in pH of inoculated sample from 6.09 to 5.47 with simultaneous increase in titrable acidity from 0.566 to 0.809 during entire storage indicated acid production by LAB. Microbial counts were lower in inoculated sample than in control. LAB count significantly increased in inoculated sample. The lowering of pH by acid production inhibited microbial growth. Physico-chemical parameters showed a significant (p<0.01) correlation with the microbial counts. Inoculation of LAB in minced fish enhanced its shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth and decreasing the protein and fat degradation product
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    Co-infection of Yellowtip Halfbeak Fish (Hemiramphus marginatus) with Isopod and Copepod Parasites from the Coromandal Coast, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sethi, Satyanarayan; Jithendran, K. P.; Kannappan, S.
    In some fishes, parasitic associations are possible, but rare, including simultaneous associations of several large parasites (Trilles et al., 1996). Cymothoids and Digeneans are frequently associated with fish. This is the first report on the occurrence of an infection by two parasitic crustaceans in the halfbeak fish from the southeastern coast of India. Such double parasitism, involving a branchial cymothoid and a pennellid copepod, is probably uncommon, but not accidental. Cymothoids infect several species of fish. Mance (juvenile parasitic stages of cymothoid) feed voraciously and easily kill fry and fingerlings. Adultsparasite which are permanently attached to the hosts, result in stunted growth and also affect reproduction. Parasites in the gill chamber are usually associated with deformed gills. This may lead to severe economic loss in the commercial species of the marine fishes of India
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    Cryoprotective Effect of Shrimp Waste Protein Hydrolysate on Croaker Surimi Protein and Gel Characteristics during Frozen Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Dey, Satya S.; Dora, Krushna C.; Raychaudhuri, Utpal; Ganguly, Subha
    Effect of shrimp waste protein hydrolysate (SWPH, 7.5% dried matter, T2) on quality of Croaker fish surimi protein was examined in terms of nitrogeneous parameters, myosin and actin degradation, Ca2+-ATPase activity and unfrozen water content in comparison to surimi with sucrosesorbitol blend (T1) and control (C, no additive) during frozen storage for 120 days at -25oC. Significant variation (p<0.05) of these parameters between storage days and difference of T1 and T2 sample from control suggested muscle protein as succeptible to freeze denaturation and application of SWPH as an alternative cryoprotectant to sucrosesorbitol (SuSo). Textural properties including gel strength, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess of kamaboko gel prepared from surimi samples decreased with storage days though SWPH was efficient enough to reduce effect of freeze denaturation on gel characteristics during initial three months of storage.
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    Degradation Analysis of Polyamide 6 Monofilament Fibers Coated with Thermoplastic Polyurethane Thin Films
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) John, Baiju; Furukawa, Mutsuhisa
    Degradation studies were conducted on high performance polyamide (PA) 6 monofilament fibers prepared with various types of thermoplastic thin film coatings. Polyether, polyester and polycarbonate based polyurethane thin film coatings were used with changes in the molecular weight of the polyols and NCO index. It was found that the thermoplastic coating significantly protected the core PA6 monofilament fibers from degradation, analyzed through sliding abrasive wear and accelerated weathering irrespective of the type and nature of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) thin film coating. The structural and physical changes were analyzed after exposure to degradation tests. Polycarbonate based TPU thin film coated PA6 monofilament fibers showed significant resistance towards degradation factors as compared to the polyether and polyester based TPU thin film coatings. The TPU thin film coated PA6 monofilament fibers are potential candidates as material for fishing gear
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    Economic Losses due to Disease Incidences in Shrimp Farms of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Kalaimani, N; Ravisankar, T; Chakravarthy, N; Raja, S; Santiago, T.C; Ponniah, A.G
    Huge economic losses occur due to incidence of viral and other diseases in shrimp farms of India. To make a quantified assessment of these losses, a field survey of 1142 shrimp farms following a statistical random sampling from nine coastal states during the period 2006-08 was conducted. The gross national losses in the country due to shrimp diseases was estimated as 48717 metric t of shrimp valued at Rs. 1022.1 crores, and employment of 2.15 million man days. Epidemic seriousness among the diseases was for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Loose Shell Syndrome (LSS) and combination of WSSV and LSS, white gut and slow growth syndrome in that order at national level. Additional price loss was also recorded on account of poor quality of final output like deformed organs, loose shell and muddy smell. In some cases, farmers resorted to premature harvest and hence the production biomass also reduced coupled with price drop according to the count per kg of shrimps.
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    Economics of Fish Production in Bharatpur District, Rajasthan, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Kumar, Brijesh; Biradar, R.S; Debnath, Biswajit; Sharma, Rama
    Fish culture in Rajasthan is a promising sector and the potential for growth in the state is still far from exhaustion. Among the 32 districts of this state, Bharatpur has good potential for fish culture. The present study is based on a cross-sectional primary data collected from 60 farmers from this district through random sampling method under two different categories viz., farmers having own ponds (n=30) and farmers with leased ponds (n=30). Besides, analysis was carried out in small sized (<1 ha) and large sized farms (>1 ha) for both categories for a better understanding of production economics. The study indicated that fish farmers followed a low input based traditional type of fish farming. Higher average cost per ha was observed in smaller farm size (< 1 ha) for both owned and leased ponds. It was observed to be Rs. 57 129 and Rs. 65 774 for owned and leased small ponds against Rs. 46 194 and Rs. 24 950 for owned and leased large ponds. Level of productivity also followed a similar trend and it was higher in smaller ponds for both owned (2 538 kg ha-1 yr-1) and leased ponds (2 270 kg ha-1 yr-1) against the productivity of large ponds (1 230 kg ha-1 yr-1and 1 568 kg ha-1 yr-1 for owned and leased ponds respectively). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was found to be 2.19 and 2.28 for owned and leased ponds respectively. BCR was higher in small owned ponds (2.34) when compared to small leased ponds (2.12). In the case of large sized ponds, it was higher in
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    Effect of Diel Rhythms of Feeding on Growth Performance of Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus Fingerlings
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Jindal, Meenakshi
    Clarias batrachus fingerlings were maintained under laboratory conditions and fed on a 40% soybean based protein diet on a circadian pattern selecting six different time intervals, viz., 0800h, 1200h, 1600h, 2000h, 2400h and 0400h. The results indicated that body weight gain (live weight gain and specific growth rate) in C. batrachus on a time restricted meal is optimal when the food is made available at midnight viz., 2400h. Better accumulation of protein with less excretion of ammonia in fish body was also reported at this time of feeding. The study concluded that the growth rates of fish fed during night time (mid-night) had significantly low food conversion ratios and food wastage. Therefore, it is beneficial to feed C. batrachus at mid-night
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    Evaluation of Fish Curry from Farmed and Wild Caught Indian Major Carps of Tarai Region, Uttarakhand
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Gupta, Monika; Upadhayay, A.K.; Pandey, N.N.; Kumar, P.
    The differences between pond cultured and naturally occurring (wild) Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala) from the reservoirs in terms of proximate composition of the fishes and sensory evaluation of fish curry made out of them are presented in this communication. Comparatively higher protein and ash but lower fat and carbohydrate were observed in wild fish species. The cultured fishes possessed high moisture and fat content. The panelist choice went in favour of fish curry prepared from Labeo rohita. There was superior preference for curry prepared from the wild fish over the cultured fish owing to stronger texture, required elasticity of chewing, pleasant taste and more delicious flavor. The results clearly indicate that wild fish is preferable to cultured fish due to firm texture, excellent affable taste and flavour.
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    Fish Consumers’ Behaviour at Selected Fish Markets of Tripura, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Das, Apu; Kumar, Nalini Ranjan; Debnath, Biswajit; Barman, Debtanu; Datta, Manik
    Knowledge on preference for fish is important for producers and traders at micro-economic level and also for policy makers and planners at macroeconomic level. An attempt has been made to analyse the consumers’ preference for fish in Tripura. One hundred and sixty fish consumers were randomly selected from four wholesale-cumretail fish markets. The frequency, percentage analysis and Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) techniques were used to analyse consumers’ preferences and constraints. Highest preference was for freshwater local fishes (96.87% of the consumers). Among the species, 42% of consumers preferred rohu, 26% preferred catla and remaining 32% showed their preferences towards other fishes like mrigal, hilsa, pabda, carpio and tilapia. It was observed that 45% of the consumers was in the age group of 35-45 years and 53.75% had a family size of 5-7 members. Purchasing of fish was done mainly by the male members of the family (86.87%). Price (level & fluctuation) is the major constraint faced by the consumers of the state followed by availability of fish, lack of fresh fish, non availability of preferred species and lack of hygiene.
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    Forecasting technological needs and prioritizing factors for the post-harvest sector of Indian fisheries
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Jeeva, J.C.; Ramasubramanian, V.; Kumar, A.; Bhatia, V.K.; Geethalakshmi, V.; Premi, S.K.; Ramasundaram, P.
    It is imperative to articulate technological needs of fish processing sector as future technologies for the domain of Indian seafood sector are expected to be different from what these are now. This calls for forecasting technological needs to fill the gaps in the present technological trends. Technology Forecasting is required for better planning and future preparedness, and may also give strategic advantage and global competitiveness in research and development. Non-thermal processing, active and intelligent packaging, development of high pressure and nuclear packaging technologies for food safety and security, biodegradable packaging and radiation preservatives emerged as frontier technological areas. The future researchable thrust areas in postharvest fisheries viz., in the area of processing, biochemistry and nutrition, seafood quality assurance, microbiology/biotechnology/molecular biology, fishery engineering & instrumentation and extension methodologies are detailed in this communication. Major factors that need attention for the development of fish processing sector for enhancing productivity are prioritized. Inadequate pre-project diagnosis of field problems and lack of proper feedback from the client and extension systems were reported as major constraints in research and development in the seafood sector
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    Growth Performance of Advanced Fry of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) Fed with Cocoa Pod Husk Powder Incorporated Diet
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Shabitha, K.B; Joseph, Aneykutty; Ittoop, Gijo
    An experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of cocoa pod husk incorporated feed in the diet of grass carp as protein substitute. Seven isonitrogenous diets were prepared with proportion of cocoa pod husk powder varying from 0 to 30%, replacing fish meal. The diets were fed to advanced fry of grass carp in three replicates. Growth performance was assessed by using indicators such as net weight gain, weight increment per day, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent digestibility coefficient. Net weight gain, weight increment per day and protein efficiency ratio were higher for diet containing 25% cocoa pod husk powder. Percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were higher for diet containing 15% and 25% cocoa pod husk powder. The results revealed that the inclusion of cocoa pod husk powder upto 25% could promote the growth of advanced fry of grass carp better than the control diet with 40% fish
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    A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Quantitative Determination of Tetracyclines and its Epimers in Shrimp Muscle
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Thomas, Shiny; Priya, Lakshmi; Prasanth, K. P.; Nair, P. G. Viswanathan
    A method for determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, 4-epitetracycline, 4- epioxytetracycline and 4-epichlortetracycline in shrimp muscle tissue by high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with a UV detector is described. The method involves extraction of the analytes by McIlvaine buffer, clean up by C18 SPE cartridge and analysis by HPLC and UV detection. A good separation of all the six analytes was achieved and good recovery (58 to 89%), repeatability and within laboratory reproducibility were possible with this method.
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    Influence of Soil on Biodegradation of Organic Wastes and Production of Live Fish Food Organisms
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Saini, V. P.; Ojha, M. L.; Nair, Preeti; Sharma, Amrata
    In the biodegradation process, role of soil in waste treatment was evaluated. For this purpose, 50% domestic sewage, 750 mg l-1 sewage sludge and 500 mg l-1 night soil were selected for treatment. Each of these treatments was inoculated with four brooders of cladoceran for their multiplication and their subsequent performance was assessed for a period of 30 days. Presence of soil definitely increased the production of cladoceran. As such, the highest (5600 l-1) cladoceran population was noticed in culture systems having soil bed and treated with domestic sewage while the lowest (20 l-1) being in control. The results have depicted significant role of soil in maintaining favourable water quality conditions for good aquaculture. The concentration of organic carbon, phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen reduced significantly (p <0.05) in each culture medium from the initial levels. The study suggests that soil could be used in live fish food culture system that is helpful in waste recycling.
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    Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Dawkinsia exclamatio (Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 2005) from Kallada River of Kerala, India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Gladys, F.; Mercy, T. V. A.; Sajan, S.
    Dawkinsia exclamatio is endemic to Kerala region of the Western Ghats and to the best of our knowledge, there is no other reports on the growth studies on D. exclamatio. The results of the present study indicate that population of D. exclamatio in Kallada river follow an isometric growth pattern with ‘b’ values close to cubic law but there was no significant difference in the condition factor of D. exclamatio between length groups. This study adds basic information of this species, which may be useful in fisheries management and also in the conservation point of view.