FT Vol.50(1)

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    Antioxidant Activity of Natural Astaxanthin Extracted from Shell of Arabian Red Shrimp Aristeus alcocki (Ramadan, 1938)
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sindhu, S; Sherief, P.M; George, Sajan; . Krishnakumar, S
    Shrimp processing waste is one of the important natural sources of carotenoid. The major component of carotenoids of shrimp and crab shell were mono and diesters of astaxanthin, a very potent antioxidant with some unique properties. Astaxanthin is a powerful quencher of singlet oxygen activity and a strong scavenger of oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant activity of shrimp shell astaxanthin was evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin extract showed significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The IC50 values obtained were 56.43 ± 1.06, 27.91 ± 0.54 and 26.54 ± 0.42 ng ml-1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin from Aristeus alcocki was obtained at nanogram levels. This powerful antioxidant function may be due to the unique molecular structure of astaxanthin and synergistic effect of astaxanthin and PUFAs present in the astaxanthin monoester and diester fractions.
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    Biochemical composition of myctophid species diaphus watasei and myctophum obtusirostre caught from Arabian sea
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Rajamoorthy, K.; Pradeep, K.; Anandan, R.; Libin, B.; Sankar, T.V.; Lakshmanan, P.T.
    An attempt was made to evaluate the biochemical composition of myctophid fishes Diaphus watasei and Myctophum obtusirostre collected from Arabian Sea (8°30’50"N - 9°07’50"N lat and 75°49’20"E - 75°58’60"E long). The moisture content in D. watasei was significantly lower (63.19 ± 0.47%) compared to M. obtusirostre (71.32%), while fat content was significantly higher in D. watasei (15.13%) compared to M obtusirostre (3.54%). Protein also comprised significant proportions in these myctophids, contributing 21.40% in D. watasei and 22.64% in M. obtusirostre, with substantial amount of essential amino acids. The foremost amino acid was glutamic acid in both the species. Ash content was significantly higher in M. obtusirostre (3.06%) compared to D. watasei (1.33%). The present study indicates that both species contain good quantity of essential amino acids required for human nutrition.
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    Cryoprotective Effect of Shrimp Waste Protein Hydrolysate on Croaker Surimi Protein and Gel Characteristics during Frozen Storage
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Dey, Satya S.; Dora, Krushna C.; Raychaudhuri, Utpal; Ganguly, Subha
    Effect of shrimp waste protein hydrolysate (SWPH, 7.5% dried matter, T2) on quality of Croaker fish surimi protein was examined in terms of nitrogeneous parameters, myosin and actin degradation, Ca2+-ATPase activity and unfrozen water content in comparison to surimi with sucrosesorbitol blend (T1) and control (C, no additive) during frozen storage for 120 days at -25oC. Significant variation (p<0.05) of these parameters between storage days and difference of T1 and T2 sample from control suggested muscle protein as succeptible to freeze denaturation and application of SWPH as an alternative cryoprotectant to sucrosesorbitol (SuSo). Textural properties including gel strength, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess of kamaboko gel prepared from surimi samples decreased with storage days though SWPH was efficient enough to reduce effect of freeze denaturation on gel characteristics during initial three months of storage.
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    Economic Losses due to Disease Incidences in Shrimp Farms of India
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Kalaimani, N; Ravisankar, T; Chakravarthy, N; Raja, S; Santiago, T.C; Ponniah, A.G
    Huge economic losses occur due to incidence of viral and other diseases in shrimp farms of India. To make a quantified assessment of these losses, a field survey of 1142 shrimp farms following a statistical random sampling from nine coastal states during the period 2006-08 was conducted. The gross national losses in the country due to shrimp diseases was estimated as 48717 metric t of shrimp valued at Rs. 1022.1 crores, and employment of 2.15 million man days. Epidemic seriousness among the diseases was for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Loose Shell Syndrome (LSS) and combination of WSSV and LSS, white gut and slow growth syndrome in that order at national level. Additional price loss was also recorded on account of poor quality of final output like deformed organs, loose shell and muddy smell. In some cases, farmers resorted to premature harvest and hence the production biomass also reduced coupled with price drop according to the count per kg of shrimps.
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    Effect of Diel Rhythms of Feeding on Growth Performance of Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus Fingerlings
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Jindal, Meenakshi
    Clarias batrachus fingerlings were maintained under laboratory conditions and fed on a 40% soybean based protein diet on a circadian pattern selecting six different time intervals, viz., 0800h, 1200h, 1600h, 2000h, 2400h and 0400h. The results indicated that body weight gain (live weight gain and specific growth rate) in C. batrachus on a time restricted meal is optimal when the food is made available at midnight viz., 2400h. Better accumulation of protein with less excretion of ammonia in fish body was also reported at this time of feeding. The study concluded that the growth rates of fish fed during night time (mid-night) had significantly low food conversion ratios and food wastage. Therefore, it is beneficial to feed C. batrachus at mid-night
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    Evaluation of Fish Curry from Farmed and Wild Caught Indian Major Carps of Tarai Region, Uttarakhand
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Gupta, Monika; Upadhayay, A.K.; Pandey, N.N.; Kumar, P.
    The differences between pond cultured and naturally occurring (wild) Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala) from the reservoirs in terms of proximate composition of the fishes and sensory evaluation of fish curry made out of them are presented in this communication. Comparatively higher protein and ash but lower fat and carbohydrate were observed in wild fish species. The cultured fishes possessed high moisture and fat content. The panelist choice went in favour of fish curry prepared from Labeo rohita. There was superior preference for curry prepared from the wild fish over the cultured fish owing to stronger texture, required elasticity of chewing, pleasant taste and more delicious flavor. The results clearly indicate that wild fish is preferable to cultured fish due to firm texture, excellent affable taste and flavour.
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    Forecasting technological needs and prioritizing factors for the post-harvest sector of Indian fisheries
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), 2013) Jeeva, J.C.; Ramasubramanian, V.; Kumar, A.; Bhatia, V.K.; Geethalakshmi, V.; Premi, S.K.; Ramasundaram, P.
    It is imperative to articulate technological needs of fish processing sector as future technologies for the domain of Indian seafood sector are expected to be different from what these are now. This calls for forecasting technological needs to fill the gaps in the present technological trends. Technology Forecasting is required for better planning and future preparedness, and may also give strategic advantage and global competitiveness in research and development. Non-thermal processing, active and intelligent packaging, development of high pressure and nuclear packaging technologies for food safety and security, biodegradable packaging and radiation preservatives emerged as frontier technological areas. The future researchable thrust areas in postharvest fisheries viz., in the area of processing, biochemistry and nutrition, seafood quality assurance, microbiology/biotechnology/molecular biology, fishery engineering & instrumentation and extension methodologies are detailed in this communication. Major factors that need attention for the development of fish processing sector for enhancing productivity are prioritized. Inadequate pre-project diagnosis of field problems and lack of proper feedback from the client and extension systems were reported as major constraints in research and development in the seafood sector
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    Growth Performance of Advanced Fry of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) Fed with Cocoa Pod Husk Powder Incorporated Diet
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Shabitha, K.B; Joseph, Aneykutty; Ittoop, Gijo
    An experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of cocoa pod husk incorporated feed in the diet of grass carp as protein substitute. Seven isonitrogenous diets were prepared with proportion of cocoa pod husk powder varying from 0 to 30%, replacing fish meal. The diets were fed to advanced fry of grass carp in three replicates. Growth performance was assessed by using indicators such as net weight gain, weight increment per day, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent digestibility coefficient. Net weight gain, weight increment per day and protein efficiency ratio were higher for diet containing 25% cocoa pod husk powder. Percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were higher for diet containing 15% and 25% cocoa pod husk powder. The results revealed that the inclusion of cocoa pod husk powder upto 25% could promote the growth of advanced fry of grass carp better than the control diet with 40% fish
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    A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Quantitative Determination of Tetracyclines and its Epimers in Shrimp Muscle
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Thomas, Shiny; Priya, Lakshmi; Prasanth, K. P.; Nair, P. G. Viswanathan
    A method for determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, 4-epitetracycline, 4- epioxytetracycline and 4-epichlortetracycline in shrimp muscle tissue by high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with a UV detector is described. The method involves extraction of the analytes by McIlvaine buffer, clean up by C18 SPE cartridge and analysis by HPLC and UV detection. A good separation of all the six analytes was achieved and good recovery (58 to 89%), repeatability and within laboratory reproducibility were possible with this method.
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    Mangrove Mapping of Ratnagiri Coast using Different Classification Techniques
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Nakhawa, Ajay D.; Markad, Sandip S.; Vichare, Priyanka S.; Shirdhankar, Mangesh
    Mangrove coverage of Ratnagiri coast was mapped by using different techniques such as supervised classification, supervised classification of principal components, unsupervised classification and unsupervised classification of principal components and overall classification accuracy ranged from 79.46- 86.19, 82-89, 84.52-89 and 89-93% respectively. The kappa co-efficient for supervised classification, supervised classification of principal components, unsupervised classification and unsupervised classification of principal components were 0.74-0.82, 0.78-0.86, 0.81-0.87 and 0.87-0.90 respectively. Overall classification accuracy achieved by unsupervised classification of principal components technique was comparatively better than overall classification accuracy achieved by other techniques. Thus this technique is found appropriate for mapping the mangrove coverage in the Ratnagiri block.
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    Patenting Activities in Cage Culture – A Posteriori Approach
    (Society of Fisheries Technologists (India)Cochin, 2013) Sharma, Arpita
    Cage aquaculture is growing fast, and various technologies have been developed in different countries of which many have been protected with some form of Intellectual Property Rights like patents. Objective of this study was to examine patenting activities in cage culture. For this, patent search was performed using commercial (Micropat) and free online (www.freepatentsonline.com) database. International Patent Classification code A01K61/ 00 and word search using Boolean operators were the focus of the search strategy. Information was also collected from Indian Patent Office (IPO) for the period 1910 to 2000. A total of 129 patents related to cage culture were found from 1970 to 2009. Out of these, 46 patents were granted in USA, 41 in Japan, 32 under World Intellectual Property Organization, nine in Europe and one in UK. Number of patents granted from 1970-1994 viz., pre Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) era were 47 whereas from 1995 to 2009 (post TRIPS era), the number was 82 showing an increase of 74.5%. However, patenting activity has shown a decrease in 2000-2004 (25 patents) and in 2005-2009 (24 patents) compared to 1995-1999 during which maximum patents (33) were recorded. No conclusive reason could be reported for this. The patenting activities have to be documented and brought to broader notice, as cage culture is being given priority by nations across the world.
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    Seafood ecolabelling
    (Society of Fisheries Technologis(India), 2013) Srinivasa Gopal, T.K.; Boopendranath, M.R.
    Ecolabelling, traceability and related certification schemes are becoming significant features of international fish trade and marketing. Ecolabels are “seals of approval” given to products that are deemed to have fewer negative impacts on the environment than functionally or competitively similar products. There are about 400 ecolabels concerning different products in operation in the world, of which nearly 50 are related to fisheries and aquaculture. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), Friend of the Sea (FOS), KRAV and Naturland are some of the well-known third party certification and ecolabelling schemes in fisheries. The effectiveness and potential trade implications of ecolabelling programmes have been widely discussed. The adoption of ecolabelling schemes provide additional tools to move towards sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture and brings together elements of the market, industry, environmental interests and communities. Different ecolabelling schemes for seafood products and the benefits, issues and challenges in their adoption are briefly reviewed in this paper.